]> Cypherpunks.ru repositories - pyderasn.git/blobdiff - tests/test_pyderasn.py
Fix SequenceOf/SetOf BoundsError raising
[pyderasn.git] / tests / test_pyderasn.py
index fdc03b58369cb8bcd7607f5a9a5c4d7b56661ea8..c85a90a3e3e4dc737a553b3eb98aa97126e3e8f1 100644 (file)
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # coding: utf-8
-# PyDERASN -- Python ASN.1 DER codec with abstract structures
-# Copyright (C) 2017 Sergey Matveev <stargrave@stargrave.org>
+# PyDERASN -- Python ASN.1 DER/BER codec with abstract structures
+# Copyright (C) 2017-2018 Sergey Matveev <stargrave@stargrave.org>
 #
 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 from datetime import datetime
 from string import ascii_letters
+from string import digits
 from string import printable
 from string import whitespace
 from unittest import TestCase
@@ -42,14 +43,17 @@ from hypothesis.strategies import sets
 from hypothesis.strategies import text
 from hypothesis.strategies import tuples
 from six import assertRaisesRegex
+from six import binary_type
 from six import byte2int
 from six import indexbytes
 from six import int2byte
 from six import iterbytes
 from six import PY2
 from six import text_type
+from six import unichr as six_unichr
 
 from pyderasn import _pp
+from pyderasn import abs_decode_path
 from pyderasn import Any
 from pyderasn import BitString
 from pyderasn import BMPString
@@ -57,7 +61,10 @@ from pyderasn import Boolean
 from pyderasn import BoundsError
 from pyderasn import Choice
 from pyderasn import DecodeError
+from pyderasn import DecodePathDefBy
 from pyderasn import Enumerated
+from pyderasn import EOC
+from pyderasn import EOC_LEN
 from pyderasn import GeneralizedTime
 from pyderasn import GeneralString
 from pyderasn import GraphicString
@@ -70,6 +77,10 @@ from pyderasn import InvalidOID
 from pyderasn import InvalidValueType
 from pyderasn import len_decode
 from pyderasn import len_encode
+from pyderasn import LEN_YYMMDDHHMMSSZ
+from pyderasn import LEN_YYYYMMDDHHMMSSDMZ
+from pyderasn import LEN_YYYYMMDDHHMMSSZ
+from pyderasn import LENINDEF
 from pyderasn import NotEnoughData
 from pyderasn import Null
 from pyderasn import NumericString
@@ -85,6 +96,7 @@ from pyderasn import SequenceOf
 from pyderasn import Set
 from pyderasn import SetOf
 from pyderasn import tag_ctxc
+from pyderasn import tag_ctxp
 from pyderasn import tag_decode
 from pyderasn import tag_encode
 from pyderasn import tag_strip
@@ -103,11 +115,10 @@ from pyderasn import VideotexString
 from pyderasn import VisibleString
 
 
-settings.register_profile('local', settings(
+settings.register_profile("local", settings(
     deadline=5000,
-    perform_health_check=False,
 ))
-settings.load_profile('local')
+settings.load_profile("local")
 LONG_TEST_MAX_EXAMPLES = settings().max_examples * 4
 
 tag_classes = sampled_from((
@@ -117,6 +128,9 @@ tag_classes = sampled_from((
     TagClassUniversal,
 ))
 tag_forms = sampled_from((TagFormConstructed, TagFormPrimitive))
+decode_path_strat = lists(integers(), max_size=3).map(
+    lambda decode_path: tuple(str(dp) for dp in decode_path)
+)
 
 
 class TestHex(TestCase):
@@ -280,7 +294,7 @@ class CommonMixin(object):
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             self.base_klass(impl=b"whatever", expl=b"whenever")
 
-    @given(binary(), integers(), integers(), integers())
+    @given(binary(min_size=1), integers(), integers(), integers())
     def test_decoded(self, impl, offset, llen, vlen):
         obj = self.base_klass(impl=impl, _decoded=(offset, llen, vlen))
         self.assertEqual(obj.offset, offset)
@@ -289,7 +303,7 @@ class CommonMixin(object):
         self.assertEqual(obj.tlen, len(impl))
         self.assertEqual(obj.tlvlen, obj.tlen + obj.llen + obj.vlen)
 
-    @given(binary())
+    @given(binary(min_size=1))
     def test_impl_inherited(self, impl_tag):
         class Inherited(self.base_klass):
             impl = impl_tag
@@ -455,10 +469,9 @@ class TestBoolean(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=31),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_tag(self, tag, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             Boolean().decode(
                 tag_encode(tag)[:-1],
@@ -472,10 +485,9 @@ class TestBoolean(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=31),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_expl_tag(self, tag, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             Boolean(expl=Boolean.tag_default).decode(
                 tag_encode(tag)[:-1],
@@ -489,10 +501,9 @@ class TestBoolean(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=128),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_len(self, l, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             Boolean().decode(
                 Boolean.tag_default + len_encode(l)[:-1],
@@ -506,10 +517,9 @@ class TestBoolean(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=128),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_expl_len(self, l, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             Boolean(expl=Boolean.tag_default).decode(
                 Boolean.tag_default + len_encode(l)[:-1],
@@ -526,8 +536,9 @@ class TestBoolean(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         booleans(),
         integers(min_value=1).map(tag_ctxc),
         integers(min_value=0),
+        binary(max_size=5),
     )
-    def test_symmetric(self, values, value, tag_expl, offset):
+    def test_symmetric(self, values, value, tag_expl, offset, tail_junk):
         for klass in (Boolean, BooleanInherited):
             _, _, _, default, optional, _decoded = values
             obj = klass(
@@ -545,10 +556,13 @@ class TestBoolean(CommonMixin, TestCase):
             repr(obj_expled)
             pprint(obj_expled)
             obj_expled_encoded = obj_expled.encode()
-            obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(obj_expled_encoded, offset=offset)
+            obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(
+                obj_expled_encoded + tail_junk,
+                offset=offset,
+            )
             repr(obj_decoded)
             pprint(obj_decoded)
-            self.assertEqual(tail, b"")
+            self.assertEqual(tail, tail_junk)
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded, obj_expled)
             self.assertNotEqual(obj_decoded, obj)
             self.assertEqual(bool(obj_decoded), bool(obj_expled))
@@ -578,13 +592,86 @@ class TestBoolean(CommonMixin, TestCase):
             )))
 
     @given(integers(min_value=0 + 1, max_value=255 - 1))
-    def test_invalid_value(self, value):
+    def test_ber_value(self, value):
         with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "unacceptable Boolean value"):
             Boolean().decode(b"".join((
                 Boolean.tag_default,
                 len_encode(1),
                 int2byte(value),
             )))
+        obj, _ = Boolean().decode(
+            b"".join((
+                Boolean.tag_default,
+                len_encode(1),
+                int2byte(value),
+            )),
+            ctx={"bered": True},
+        )
+        self.assertTrue(bool(obj))
+        self.assertTrue(obj.bered)
+        self.assertFalse(obj.lenindef)
+
+    @given(
+        integers(min_value=1).map(tag_ctxc),
+        binary().filter(lambda x: not x.startswith(EOC)),
+    )
+    def test_ber_expl_no_eoc(self, expl, junk):
+        encoded = expl + LENINDEF + Boolean(False).encode()
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "no EOC"):
+            Boolean(expl=expl).decode(encoded + junk, ctx={"bered": True})
+        obj, tail = Boolean(expl=expl).decode(
+            encoded + EOC + junk,
+            ctx={"bered": True},
+        )
+        self.assertTrue(obj.expl_lenindef)
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(tail, junk)
+
+    @given(
+        integers(min_value=1).map(tag_ctxc),
+        lists(
+            booleans(),
+            min_size=1,
+            max_size=5,
+        ),
+    )
+    def test_ber_expl(self, expl, values):
+        encoded = b""
+        for value in values:
+            encoded += (
+                expl +
+                LENINDEF +
+                Boolean(value).encode() +
+                EOC
+            )
+        encoded = SequenceOf.tag_default + len_encode(len(encoded)) + encoded
+
+        class SeqOf(SequenceOf):
+            schema = Boolean(expl=expl)
+        seqof, tail = SeqOf().decode(encoded, ctx={"bered": True})
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(tail, b"")
+        self.assertSequenceEqual([bool(v) for v in seqof], values)
+        self.assertSetEqual(
+            set(
+                (
+                    v.tlvlen,
+                    v.expl_tlvlen,
+                    v.expl_tlen,
+                    v.expl_llen,
+                    v.bered,
+                    v.lenindef,
+                    v.expl_lenindef,
+                ) for v in seqof
+            ),
+            set(((
+                3 + EOC_LEN,
+                len(expl) + 1 + 3 + EOC_LEN,
+                len(expl),
+                1,
+                False,
+                False,
+                True,
+            ),)),
+        )
 
 
 @composite
@@ -722,9 +809,19 @@ class TestInteger(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         with self.assertRaises(BoundsError) as err:
             Integer(value=values[0], bounds=(values[1], values[2]))
         repr(err.exception)
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "bounds") as err:
+            Integer(bounds=(values[1], values[2])).decode(
+                Integer(values[0]).encode()
+            )
+        repr(err.exception)
         with self.assertRaises(BoundsError) as err:
             Integer(value=values[2], bounds=(values[0], values[1]))
         repr(err.exception)
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "bounds") as err:
+            Integer(bounds=(values[0], values[1])).decode(
+                Integer(values[2]).encode()
+            )
+        repr(err.exception)
 
     @given(data_strategy())
     def test_call(self, d):
@@ -843,10 +940,9 @@ class TestInteger(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=31),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_tag(self, tag, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             Integer().decode(
                 tag_encode(tag)[:-1],
@@ -860,10 +956,9 @@ class TestInteger(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=128),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_len(self, l, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             Integer().decode(
                 Integer.tag_default + len_encode(l)[:-1],
@@ -877,10 +972,9 @@ class TestInteger(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(
         sets(integers(), min_size=2, max_size=2),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_invalid_bounds_while_decoding(self, ints, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         value, bound_min = list(sorted(ints))
 
         class Int(Integer):
@@ -901,8 +995,9 @@ class TestInteger(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         integers(),
         integers(min_value=1).map(tag_ctxc),
         integers(min_value=0),
+        binary(max_size=5),
     )
-    def test_symmetric(self, values, value, tag_expl, offset):
+    def test_symmetric(self, values, value, tag_expl, offset, tail_junk):
         for klass in (Integer, IntegerInherited):
             _, _, _, _, default, optional, _, _decoded = values
             obj = klass(
@@ -920,10 +1015,13 @@ class TestInteger(CommonMixin, TestCase):
             repr(obj_expled)
             pprint(obj_expled)
             obj_expled_encoded = obj_expled.encode()
-            obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(obj_expled_encoded, offset=offset)
+            obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(
+                obj_expled_encoded + tail_junk,
+                offset=offset,
+            )
             repr(obj_decoded)
             pprint(obj_decoded)
-            self.assertEqual(tail, b"")
+            self.assertEqual(tail, tail_junk)
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded, obj_expled)
             self.assertNotEqual(obj_decoded, obj)
             self.assertEqual(int(obj_decoded), int(obj_expled))
@@ -1125,8 +1223,8 @@ class TestBitString(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(
         tuples(integers(min_value=0), binary()),
         tuples(integers(min_value=0), binary()),
-        binary(),
-        binary(),
+        binary(min_size=1),
+        binary(min_size=1),
     )
     def test_comparison(self, value1, value2, tag1, tag2):
         for klass in (BitString, BitStringInherited):
@@ -1233,10 +1331,9 @@ class TestBitString(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=31),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_tag(self, tag, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             BitString().decode(
                 tag_encode(tag)[:-1],
@@ -1250,10 +1347,9 @@ class TestBitString(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=128),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_len(self, l, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             BitString().decode(
                 BitString.tag_default + len_encode(l)[:-1],
@@ -1276,6 +1372,7 @@ class TestBitString(CommonMixin, TestCase):
             optional,
             _decoded,
         ) = d.draw(bit_string_values_strategy(value_required=True))
+        tail_junk = d.draw(binary(max_size=5))
         tag_expl = tag_ctxc(d.draw(integers(min_value=1)))
         offset = d.draw(integers(min_value=0))
         for klass in (BitString, BitStringInherited):
@@ -1296,10 +1393,13 @@ class TestBitString(CommonMixin, TestCase):
             repr(obj_expled)
             pprint(obj_expled)
             obj_expled_encoded = obj_expled.encode()
-            obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(obj_expled_encoded, offset=offset)
+            obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(
+                obj_expled_encoded + tail_junk,
+                offset=offset,
+            )
             repr(obj_decoded)
             pprint(obj_decoded)
-            self.assertEqual(tail, b"")
+            self.assertEqual(tail, tail_junk)
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded, obj_expled)
             self.assertNotEqual(obj_decoded, obj)
             self.assertEqual(bytes(obj_decoded), bytes(obj_expled))
@@ -1369,6 +1469,209 @@ class TestBitString(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(obj[9])
         self.assertFalse(obj[17])
 
+    @given(
+        integers(min_value=1, max_value=30),
+        lists(
+            one_of(
+                binary(min_size=1, max_size=5),
+                lists(
+                    binary(min_size=1, max_size=5),
+                    min_size=1,
+                    max_size=3,
+                ),
+            ),
+            min_size=0,
+            max_size=3,
+        ),
+        lists(booleans(), min_size=1),
+        binary(),
+    )
+    def test_constructed(self, impl, chunk_inputs, chunk_last_bits, junk):
+        def chunk_constructed(contents):
+            return (
+                tag_encode(form=TagFormConstructed, num=3) +
+                LENINDEF +
+                b"".join(BitString(content).encode() for content in contents) +
+                EOC
+            )
+        chunks = []
+        payload_expected = b""
+        bit_len_expected = 0
+        for chunk_input in chunk_inputs:
+            if isinstance(chunk_input, binary_type):
+                chunks.append(BitString(chunk_input).encode())
+                payload_expected += chunk_input
+                bit_len_expected += len(chunk_input) * 8
+            else:
+                chunks.append(chunk_constructed(chunk_input))
+                payload = b"".join(chunk_input)
+                payload_expected += payload
+                bit_len_expected += len(payload) * 8
+        chunk_last = BitString("'%s'B" % "".join(
+            "1" if bit else "0" for bit in chunk_last_bits
+        ))
+        payload_expected += bytes(chunk_last)
+        bit_len_expected += chunk_last.bit_len
+        encoded_indefinite = (
+            tag_encode(form=TagFormConstructed, num=impl) +
+            LENINDEF +
+            b"".join(chunks) +
+            chunk_last.encode() +
+            EOC
+        )
+        encoded_definite = (
+            tag_encode(form=TagFormConstructed, num=impl) +
+            len_encode(len(b"".join(chunks) + chunk_last.encode())) +
+            b"".join(chunks) +
+            chunk_last.encode()
+        )
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "unallowed BER"):
+            BitString(impl=tag_encode(impl)).decode(encoded_indefinite)
+        for lenindef_expected, encoded in (
+                (True, encoded_indefinite),
+                (False, encoded_definite),
+        ):
+            obj, tail = BitString(impl=tag_encode(impl)).decode(
+                encoded + junk,
+                ctx={"bered": True},
+            )
+            self.assertSequenceEqual(tail, junk)
+            self.assertEqual(obj.bit_len, bit_len_expected)
+            self.assertSequenceEqual(bytes(obj), payload_expected)
+            self.assertTrue(obj.bered)
+            self.assertEqual(obj.lenindef, lenindef_expected)
+            self.assertEqual(len(encoded), obj.tlvlen)
+
+    @given(
+        integers(min_value=0),
+        decode_path_strat,
+    )
+    def test_ber_definite_too_short(self, offset, decode_path):
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "longer than data") as err:
+            BitString().decode(
+                tag_encode(3, form=TagFormConstructed) + len_encode(1),
+                offset=offset,
+                decode_path=decode_path,
+                ctx={"bered": True},
+            )
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.decode_path, decode_path)
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.offset, offset)
+
+    @given(
+        integers(min_value=0),
+        decode_path_strat,
+    )
+    def test_ber_definite_no_data(self, offset, decode_path):
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "zero length") as err:
+            BitString().decode(
+                tag_encode(3, form=TagFormConstructed) + len_encode(0),
+                offset=offset,
+                decode_path=decode_path,
+                ctx={"bered": True},
+            )
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.decode_path, decode_path)
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.offset, offset)
+
+    @given(
+        integers(min_value=0),
+        decode_path_strat,
+        integers(min_value=1, max_value=3),
+    )
+    def test_ber_indefinite_no_eoc(self, offset, decode_path, chunks):
+        bs = BitString(b"data").encode()
+        with self.assertRaises(NotEnoughData) as err:
+            BitString().decode(
+                tag_encode(3, form=TagFormConstructed) + LENINDEF + chunks * bs,
+                offset=offset,
+                decode_path=decode_path,
+                ctx={"bered": True},
+            )
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.decode_path, decode_path + (str(chunks),))
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.offset, offset + 1 + 1 + chunks * len(bs))
+
+    @given(
+        integers(min_value=0),
+        decode_path_strat,
+        integers(min_value=1, max_value=3),
+    )
+    def test_ber_definite_chunk_out_of_bounds(self, offset, decode_path, chunks):
+        bs = BitString(b"data").encode()
+        bs_longer = BitString(b"data-longer").encode()
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "chunk out of bounds") as err:
+            BitString().decode(
+                (
+                    tag_encode(3, form=TagFormConstructed) +
+                    len_encode((chunks + 1) * len(bs)) +
+                    chunks * bs +
+                    bs_longer
+                ),
+                offset=offset,
+                decode_path=decode_path,
+                ctx={"bered": True},
+            )
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.decode_path, decode_path + (str(chunks),))
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.offset, offset + 1 + 1 + chunks * len(bs))
+
+    @given(
+        integers(min_value=0),
+        decode_path_strat,
+    )
+    def test_ber_indefinite_no_chunks(self, offset, decode_path):
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "no chunks") as err:
+            BitString().decode(
+                tag_encode(3, form=TagFormConstructed) + LENINDEF + EOC,
+                offset=offset,
+                decode_path=decode_path,
+                ctx={"bered": True},
+            )
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.decode_path, decode_path)
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.offset, offset)
+
+    @given(data_strategy())
+    def test_ber_indefinite_not_multiple(self, d):
+        bs_short = BitString("'A'H").encode()
+        bs_full = BitString("'AA'H").encode()
+        chunks = [bs_full for _ in range(d.draw(integers(min_value=0, max_value=3)))]
+        chunks.append(bs_short)
+        d.draw(permutations(chunks))
+        chunks.append(bs_short)
+        offset = d.draw(integers(min_value=0))
+        decode_path = d.draw(decode_path_strat)
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "multiple of 8 bits") as err:
+            BitString().decode(
+                (
+                    tag_encode(3, form=TagFormConstructed) +
+                    LENINDEF +
+                    b"".join(chunks) +
+                    EOC
+                ),
+                offset=offset,
+                decode_path=decode_path,
+                ctx={"bered": True},
+            )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            err.exception.decode_path,
+            decode_path + (str(chunks.index(bs_short)),),
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            err.exception.offset,
+            offset + 1 + 1 + chunks.index(bs_short) * len(bs_full),
+        )
+
+    def test_x690_vector(self):
+        vector = BitString("'0A3B5F291CD'H")
+        obj, tail = BitString().decode(hexdec("0307040A3B5F291CD0"))
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(tail, b"")
+        self.assertEqual(obj, vector)
+        obj, tail = BitString().decode(
+            hexdec("23800303000A3B0305045F291CD00000"),
+            ctx={"bered": True},
+        )
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(tail, b"")
+        self.assertEqual(obj, vector)
+        self.assertTrue(obj.bered)
+        self.assertTrue(obj.lenindef)
+
 
 @composite
 def octet_string_values_strategy(draw, do_expl=False):
@@ -1434,7 +1737,7 @@ class TestOctetString(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         repr(obj)
         pprint(obj)
 
-    @given(binary(), binary(), binary(), binary())
+    @given(binary(), binary(), binary(min_size=1), binary(min_size=1))
     def test_comparison(self, value1, value2, tag1, tag2):
         for klass in (OctetString, OctetStringInherited):
             obj1 = klass(value1)
@@ -1469,10 +1772,20 @@ class TestOctetString(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         with self.assertRaises(BoundsError) as err:
             OctetString(value=value, bounds=(bound_min, bound_max))
         repr(err.exception)
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "bounds") as err:
+            OctetString(bounds=(bound_min, bound_max)).decode(
+                OctetString(value).encode()
+            )
+        repr(err.exception)
         value = d.draw(binary(min_size=bound_max + 1))
         with self.assertRaises(BoundsError) as err:
             OctetString(value=value, bounds=(bound_min, bound_max))
         repr(err.exception)
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "bounds") as err:
+            OctetString(bounds=(bound_min, bound_max)).decode(
+                OctetString(value).encode()
+            )
+        repr(err.exception)
 
     @given(data_strategy())
     def test_call(self, d):
@@ -1576,10 +1889,9 @@ class TestOctetString(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=31),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_tag(self, tag, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             OctetString().decode(
                 tag_encode(tag)[:-1],
@@ -1593,10 +1905,9 @@ class TestOctetString(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=128),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_len(self, l, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             OctetString().decode(
                 OctetString.tag_default + len_encode(l)[:-1],
@@ -1610,10 +1921,9 @@ class TestOctetString(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(
         sets(integers(min_value=0, max_value=10), min_size=2, max_size=2),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_invalid_bounds_while_decoding(self, ints, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         value, bound_min = list(sorted(ints))
 
         class String(OctetString):
@@ -1634,8 +1944,9 @@ class TestOctetString(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         binary(),
         integers(min_value=1).map(tag_ctxc),
         integers(min_value=0),
+        binary(max_size=5),
     )
-    def test_symmetric(self, values, value, tag_expl, offset):
+    def test_symmetric(self, values, value, tag_expl, offset, tail_junk):
         for klass in (OctetString, OctetStringInherited):
             _, _, _, _, default, optional, _decoded = values
             obj = klass(
@@ -1653,10 +1964,13 @@ class TestOctetString(CommonMixin, TestCase):
             repr(obj_expled)
             pprint(obj_expled)
             obj_expled_encoded = obj_expled.encode()
-            obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(obj_expled_encoded, offset=offset)
+            obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(
+                obj_expled_encoded + tail_junk,
+                offset=offset,
+            )
             repr(obj_decoded)
             pprint(obj_decoded)
-            self.assertEqual(tail, b"")
+            self.assertEqual(tail, tail_junk)
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded, obj_expled)
             self.assertNotEqual(obj_decoded, obj)
             self.assertEqual(bytes(obj_decoded), bytes(obj_expled))
@@ -1676,6 +1990,122 @@ class TestOctetString(CommonMixin, TestCase):
             )
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.expl_offset, offset)
 
+    @given(
+        integers(min_value=1, max_value=30),
+        lists(
+            one_of(
+                binary(min_size=1, max_size=5),
+                lists(
+                    binary(min_size=1, max_size=5),
+                    min_size=1,
+                    max_size=3,
+                ),
+            ),
+            min_size=1,
+            max_size=3,
+        ),
+        binary(),
+    )
+    def test_constructed(self, impl, chunk_inputs, junk):
+        def chunk_constructed(contents):
+            return (
+                tag_encode(form=TagFormConstructed, num=4) +
+                LENINDEF +
+                b"".join(OctetString(content).encode() for content in contents) +
+                EOC
+            )
+        chunks = []
+        payload_expected = b""
+        for chunk_input in chunk_inputs:
+            if isinstance(chunk_input, binary_type):
+                chunks.append(OctetString(chunk_input).encode())
+                payload_expected += chunk_input
+            else:
+                chunks.append(chunk_constructed(chunk_input))
+                payload = b"".join(chunk_input)
+                payload_expected += payload
+        encoded_indefinite = (
+            tag_encode(form=TagFormConstructed, num=impl) +
+            LENINDEF +
+            b"".join(chunks) +
+            EOC
+        )
+        encoded_definite = (
+            tag_encode(form=TagFormConstructed, num=impl) +
+            len_encode(len(b"".join(chunks))) +
+            b"".join(chunks)
+        )
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "unallowed BER"):
+            OctetString(impl=tag_encode(impl)).decode(encoded_indefinite)
+        for lenindef_expected, encoded in (
+                (True, encoded_indefinite),
+                (False, encoded_definite),
+        ):
+            obj, tail = OctetString(impl=tag_encode(impl)).decode(
+                encoded + junk,
+                ctx={"bered": True},
+            )
+            self.assertSequenceEqual(tail, junk)
+            self.assertSequenceEqual(bytes(obj), payload_expected)
+            self.assertTrue(obj.bered)
+            self.assertEqual(obj.lenindef, lenindef_expected)
+            self.assertEqual(len(encoded), obj.tlvlen)
+
+    @given(
+        integers(min_value=0),
+        decode_path_strat,
+    )
+    def test_ber_definite_too_short(self, offset, decode_path):
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "longer than data") as err:
+            OctetString().decode(
+                tag_encode(4, form=TagFormConstructed) + len_encode(1),
+                offset=offset,
+                decode_path=decode_path,
+                ctx={"bered": True},
+            )
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.decode_path, decode_path)
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.offset, offset)
+
+    @given(
+        integers(min_value=0),
+        decode_path_strat,
+        integers(min_value=1, max_value=3),
+    )
+    def test_ber_indefinite_no_eoc(self, offset, decode_path, chunks):
+        bs = OctetString(b"data").encode()
+        with self.assertRaises(NotEnoughData) as err:
+            OctetString().decode(
+                tag_encode(4, form=TagFormConstructed) + LENINDEF + chunks * bs,
+                offset=offset,
+                decode_path=decode_path,
+                ctx={"bered": True},
+            )
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.decode_path, decode_path + (str(chunks),))
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.offset, offset + 1 + 1 + chunks * len(bs))
+
+    @given(
+        integers(min_value=0),
+        decode_path_strat,
+        integers(min_value=1, max_value=3),
+    )
+    def test_ber_definite_chunk_out_of_bounds(self, offset, decode_path, chunks):
+        bs = OctetString(b"data").encode()
+        bs_longer = OctetString(b"data-longer").encode()
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "chunk out of bounds") as err:
+            OctetString().decode(
+                (
+                    tag_encode(4, form=TagFormConstructed) +
+                    len_encode((chunks + 1) * len(bs)) +
+                    chunks * bs +
+                    bs_longer
+                ),
+                offset=offset,
+                decode_path=decode_path,
+                ctx={"bered": True},
+            )
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.decode_path, decode_path + (str(chunks),))
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.offset, offset + 1 + 1 + chunks * len(bs))
+
 
 @composite
 def null_values_strategy(draw, do_expl=False):
@@ -1772,10 +2202,9 @@ class TestNull(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=31),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_tag(self, tag, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             Null().decode(
                 tag_encode(tag)[:-1],
@@ -1789,10 +2218,9 @@ class TestNull(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=128),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_len(self, l, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             Null().decode(
                 Null.tag_default + len_encode(l)[:-1],
@@ -1813,8 +2241,9 @@ class TestNull(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         null_values_strategy(),
         integers(min_value=1).map(tag_ctxc),
         integers(min_value=0),
+        binary(max_size=5),
     )
-    def test_symmetric(self, values, tag_expl, offset):
+    def test_symmetric(self, values, tag_expl, offset, tail_junk):
         for klass in (Null, NullInherited):
             _, _, optional, _decoded = values
             obj = klass(optional=optional, _decoded=_decoded)
@@ -1827,10 +2256,13 @@ class TestNull(CommonMixin, TestCase):
             repr(obj_expled)
             pprint(obj_expled)
             obj_expled_encoded = obj_expled.encode()
-            obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(obj_expled_encoded, offset=offset)
+            obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(
+                obj_expled_encoded + tail_junk,
+                offset=offset,
+            )
             repr(obj_decoded)
             pprint(obj_decoded)
-            self.assertEqual(tail, b"")
+            self.assertEqual(tail, tail_junk)
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded, obj_expled)
             self.assertNotEqual(obj_decoded, obj)
             self.assertSequenceEqual(obj_decoded.encode(), obj_expled_encoded)
@@ -1953,12 +2385,12 @@ class TestObjectIdentifier(CommonMixin, TestCase):
                 _decoded_initial,
             ) = d.draw(oid_values_strategy())
             obj_initial = klass(
-                value_initial,
-                impl_initial,
-                expl_initial,
-                default_initial,
-                optional_initial or False,
-                _decoded_initial,
+                value=value_initial,
+                impl=impl_initial,
+                expl=expl_initial,
+                default=default_initial,
+                optional=optional_initial or False,
+                _decoded=_decoded_initial,
             )
             (
                 value,
@@ -1968,7 +2400,13 @@ class TestObjectIdentifier(CommonMixin, TestCase):
                 optional,
                 _decoded,
             ) = d.draw(oid_values_strategy(do_expl=impl_initial is None))
-            obj = obj_initial(value, impl, expl, default, optional)
+            obj = obj_initial(
+                value=value,
+                impl=impl,
+                expl=expl,
+                default=default,
+                optional=optional,
+            )
             if obj.ready:
                 value_expected = default if value is None else value
                 value_expected = (
@@ -1992,7 +2430,22 @@ class TestObjectIdentifier(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(oid_values_strategy())
     def test_copy(self, values):
         for klass in (ObjectIdentifier, ObjectIdentifierInherited):
-            obj = klass(*values)
+            (
+                value,
+                impl,
+                expl,
+                default,
+                optional,
+                _decoded,
+            ) = values
+            obj = klass(
+                value=value,
+                impl=impl,
+                expl=expl,
+                default=default,
+                optional=optional,
+                _decoded=_decoded,
+            )
             obj_copied = obj.copy()
             self.assert_copied_basic_fields(obj, obj_copied)
             self.assertEqual(obj._value, obj_copied._value)
@@ -2019,10 +2472,9 @@ class TestObjectIdentifier(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=31),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_tag(self, tag, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             ObjectIdentifier().decode(
                 tag_encode(tag)[:-1],
@@ -2036,10 +2488,9 @@ class TestObjectIdentifier(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=128),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_len(self, l, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             ObjectIdentifier().decode(
                 ObjectIdentifier.tag_default + len_encode(l)[:-1],
@@ -2112,8 +2563,9 @@ class TestObjectIdentifier(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         oid_strategy(),
         integers(min_value=1).map(tag_ctxc),
         integers(min_value=0),
+        binary(max_size=5),
     )
-    def test_symmetric(self, values, value, tag_expl, offset):
+    def test_symmetric(self, values, value, tag_expl, offset, tail_junk):
         for klass in (ObjectIdentifier, ObjectIdentifierInherited):
             _, _, _, default, optional, _decoded = values
             obj = klass(
@@ -2131,10 +2583,13 @@ class TestObjectIdentifier(CommonMixin, TestCase):
             repr(obj_expled)
             pprint(obj_expled)
             obj_expled_encoded = obj_expled.encode()
-            obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(obj_expled_encoded, offset=offset)
+            obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(
+                obj_expled_encoded + tail_junk,
+                offset=offset,
+            )
             repr(obj_decoded)
             pprint(obj_decoded)
-            self.assertEqual(tail, b"")
+            self.assertEqual(tail, tail_junk)
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded, obj_expled)
             self.assertNotEqual(obj_decoded, obj)
             self.assertEqual(tuple(obj_decoded), tuple(obj_expled))
@@ -2190,6 +2645,12 @@ class TestObjectIdentifier(CommonMixin, TestCase):
                 data,
             )))
 
+    def test_x690_vector(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            ObjectIdentifier().decode(hexdec("0603883703"))[0],
+            ObjectIdentifier((2, 999, 3)),
+        )
+
 
 @composite
 def enumerated_values_strategy(draw, schema=None, do_expl=False):
@@ -2389,6 +2850,7 @@ class TestEnumerated(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         tag_expl = d.draw(integers(min_value=1).map(tag_ctxc))
         offset = d.draw(integers(min_value=0))
         value = d.draw(sampled_from(sorted([v for _, v in schema_input])))
+        tail_junk = d.draw(binary(max_size=5))
 
         class E(Enumerated):
             schema = schema_input
@@ -2407,10 +2869,13 @@ class TestEnumerated(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         repr(obj_expled)
         pprint(obj_expled)
         obj_expled_encoded = obj_expled.encode()
-        obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(obj_expled_encoded, offset=offset)
+        obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(
+            obj_expled_encoded + tail_junk,
+            offset=offset,
+        )
         repr(obj_decoded)
         pprint(obj_decoded)
-        self.assertEqual(tail, b"")
+        self.assertEqual(tail, tail_junk)
         self.assertEqual(obj_decoded, obj_expled)
         self.assertNotEqual(obj_decoded, obj)
         self.assertEqual(int(obj_decoded), int(obj_expled))
@@ -2501,8 +2966,8 @@ class StringMixin(object):
     def test_comparison(self, d):
         value1 = d.draw(text(alphabet=self.text_alphabet()))
         value2 = d.draw(text(alphabet=self.text_alphabet()))
-        tag1 = d.draw(binary())
-        tag2 = d.draw(binary())
+        tag1 = d.draw(binary(min_size=1))
+        tag2 = d.draw(binary(min_size=1))
         obj1 = self.base_klass(value1)
         obj2 = self.base_klass(value2)
         self.assertEqual(obj1 == obj2, value1 == value2)
@@ -2533,10 +2998,20 @@ class StringMixin(object):
         with self.assertRaises(BoundsError) as err:
             self.base_klass(value=value, bounds=(bound_min, bound_max))
         repr(err.exception)
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "bounds") as err:
+            self.base_klass(bounds=(bound_min, bound_max)).decode(
+                self.base_klass(value).encode()
+            )
+        repr(err.exception)
         value = d.draw(text(alphabet=self.text_alphabet(), min_size=bound_max + 1))
         with self.assertRaises(BoundsError) as err:
             self.base_klass(value=value, bounds=(bound_min, bound_max))
         repr(err.exception)
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "bounds") as err:
+            self.base_klass(bounds=(bound_min, bound_max)).decode(
+                self.base_klass(value).encode()
+            )
+        repr(err.exception)
 
     @given(data_strategy())
     def test_call(self, d):
@@ -2640,10 +3115,9 @@ class StringMixin(object):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=31),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_tag(self, tag, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             self.base_klass().decode(
                 tag_encode(tag)[:-1],
@@ -2657,10 +3131,9 @@ class StringMixin(object):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=128),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_len(self, l, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             self.base_klass().decode(
                 self.base_klass.tag_default + len_encode(l)[:-1],
@@ -2674,10 +3147,9 @@ class StringMixin(object):
     @given(
         sets(integers(min_value=0, max_value=10), min_size=2, max_size=2),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_invalid_bounds_while_decoding(self, ints, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         value, bound_min = list(sorted(ints))
 
         class String(self.base_klass):
@@ -2700,6 +3172,7 @@ class StringMixin(object):
         value = d.draw(text(alphabet=self.text_alphabet()))
         tag_expl = tag_ctxc(d.draw(integers(min_value=1)))
         offset = d.draw(integers(min_value=0))
+        tail_junk = d.draw(binary(max_size=5))
         _, _, _, _, default, optional, _decoded = values
         obj = self.base_klass(
             value=value,
@@ -2716,10 +3189,13 @@ class StringMixin(object):
         repr(obj_expled)
         pprint(obj_expled)
         obj_expled_encoded = obj_expled.encode()
-        obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(obj_expled_encoded, offset=offset)
+        obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(
+            obj_expled_encoded + tail_junk,
+            offset=offset,
+        )
         repr(obj_decoded)
         pprint(obj_decoded)
-        self.assertEqual(tail, b"")
+        self.assertEqual(tail, tail_junk)
         self.assertEqual(obj_decoded, obj_expled)
         self.assertNotEqual(obj_decoded, obj)
         self.assertEqual(bytes(obj_decoded), bytes(obj_expled))
@@ -2746,35 +3222,134 @@ class TestUTF8String(StringMixin, CommonMixin, TestCase):
     base_klass = UTF8String
 
 
+class UnicodeDecodeErrorMixin(object):
+    @given(text(
+        alphabet="".join(six_unichr(i) for i in list(range(0x0410, 0x044f + 1))),
+        min_size=1,
+        max_size=5,
+    ))
+    def test_unicode_decode_error(self, cyrillic_text):
+        with self.assertRaises(DecodeError):
+            self.base_klass(cyrillic_text)
+
+
 class TestNumericString(StringMixin, CommonMixin, TestCase):
     base_klass = NumericString
 
+    def text_alphabet(self):
+        return digits
+
+    @given(text(alphabet=ascii_letters, min_size=1, max_size=5))
+    def test_non_numeric(self, cyrillic_text):
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "non-numeric"):
+            self.base_klass(cyrillic_text)
+
+    @given(
+        sets(integers(min_value=0, max_value=10), min_size=2, max_size=2),
+        integers(min_value=0),
+        decode_path_strat,
+    )
+    def test_invalid_bounds_while_decoding(self, ints, offset, decode_path):
+        value, bound_min = list(sorted(ints))
+
+        class String(self.base_klass):
+            bounds = (bound_min, bound_min)
+        with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
+            String().decode(
+                self.base_klass(b"1" * value).encode(),
+                offset=offset,
+                decode_path=decode_path,
+            )
+        repr(err.exception)
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.offset, offset)
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.decode_path, decode_path)
 
-class TestPrintableString(StringMixin, CommonMixin, TestCase):
+
+class TestPrintableString(
+        UnicodeDecodeErrorMixin,
+        StringMixin,
+        CommonMixin,
+        TestCase,
+):
     base_klass = PrintableString
 
 
-class TestTeletexString(StringMixin, CommonMixin, TestCase):
+class TestTeletexString(
+        UnicodeDecodeErrorMixin,
+        StringMixin,
+        CommonMixin,
+        TestCase,
+):
     base_klass = TeletexString
 
 
-class TestVideotexString(StringMixin, CommonMixin, TestCase):
+class TestVideotexString(
+        UnicodeDecodeErrorMixin,
+        StringMixin,
+        CommonMixin,
+        TestCase,
+):
     base_klass = VideotexString
 
 
-class TestIA5String(StringMixin, CommonMixin, TestCase):
+class TestIA5String(
+        UnicodeDecodeErrorMixin,
+        StringMixin,
+        CommonMixin,
+        TestCase,
+):
     base_klass = IA5String
 
 
-class TestGraphicString(StringMixin, CommonMixin, TestCase):
+class TestGraphicString(
+        UnicodeDecodeErrorMixin,
+        StringMixin,
+        CommonMixin,
+        TestCase,
+):
     base_klass = GraphicString
 
 
-class TestVisibleString(StringMixin, CommonMixin, TestCase):
+class TestVisibleString(
+        UnicodeDecodeErrorMixin,
+        StringMixin,
+        CommonMixin,
+        TestCase,
+):
     base_klass = VisibleString
 
+    def test_x690_vector(self):
+        obj, tail = VisibleString().decode(hexdec("1A054A6F6E6573"))
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(tail, b"")
+        self.assertEqual(str(obj), "Jones")
+        self.assertFalse(obj.bered)
+        self.assertFalse(obj.lenindef)
 
-class TestGeneralString(StringMixin, CommonMixin, TestCase):
+        obj, tail = VisibleString().decode(
+            hexdec("3A0904034A6F6E04026573"),
+            ctx={"bered": True},
+        )
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(tail, b"")
+        self.assertEqual(str(obj), "Jones")
+        self.assertTrue(obj.bered)
+        self.assertFalse(obj.lenindef)
+
+        obj, tail = VisibleString().decode(
+            hexdec("3A8004034A6F6E040265730000"),
+            ctx={"bered": True},
+        )
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(tail, b"")
+        self.assertEqual(str(obj), "Jones")
+        self.assertTrue(obj.bered)
+        self.assertTrue(obj.lenindef)
+
+
+class TestGeneralString(
+        UnicodeDecodeErrorMixin,
+        StringMixin,
+        CommonMixin,
+        TestCase,
+):
     base_klass = GeneralString
 
 
@@ -2860,8 +3435,8 @@ class TimeMixin(object):
             min_value=self.min_datetime,
             max_value=self.max_datetime,
         ))
-        tag1 = d.draw(binary())
-        tag2 = d.draw(binary())
+        tag1 = d.draw(binary(min_size=1))
+        tag2 = d.draw(binary(min_size=1))
         if self.omit_ms:
             value1 = value1.replace(microsecond=0)
             value2 = value2.replace(microsecond=0)
@@ -2984,6 +3559,7 @@ class TimeMixin(object):
         ))
         tag_expl = tag_ctxc(d.draw(integers(min_value=1)))
         offset = d.draw(integers(min_value=0))
+        tail_junk = d.draw(binary(max_size=5))
         _, _, _, default, optional, _decoded = values
         obj = self.base_klass(
             value=value,
@@ -3000,10 +3576,13 @@ class TimeMixin(object):
         repr(obj_expled)
         pprint(obj_expled)
         obj_expled_encoded = obj_expled.encode()
-        obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(obj_expled_encoded, offset=offset)
+        obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(
+            obj_expled_encoded + tail_junk,
+            offset=offset,
+        )
         repr(obj_decoded)
         pprint(obj_decoded)
-        self.assertEqual(tail, b"")
+        self.assertEqual(tail, tail_junk)
         self.assertEqual(obj_decoded, obj_expled)
         self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.todatetime(), obj_expled.todatetime())
         self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.todatetime(), obj.todatetime())
@@ -3063,6 +3642,48 @@ class TestGeneralizedTime(TimeMixin, CommonMixin, TestCase):
             datetime(2010, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0),
         )
 
+    @given(
+        binary(
+            min_size=(LEN_YYYYMMDDHHMMSSZ - 1) // 2,
+            max_size=(LEN_YYYYMMDDHHMMSSZ - 1) // 2,
+        ),
+        binary(min_size=1, max_size=1),
+        binary(
+            min_size=(LEN_YYYYMMDDHHMMSSZ - 1) // 2,
+            max_size=(LEN_YYYYMMDDHHMMSSZ - 1) // 2,
+        ),
+    )
+    def test_junk(self, part0, part1, part2):
+        junk = part0 + part1 + part2
+        assume(not (set(junk) <= set(digits.encode("ascii"))))
+        with self.assertRaises(DecodeError):
+            GeneralizedTime().decode(
+                GeneralizedTime.tag_default +
+                len_encode(len(junk)) +
+                junk
+            )
+
+    @given(
+        binary(
+            min_size=(LEN_YYYYMMDDHHMMSSDMZ - 1) // 2,
+            max_size=(LEN_YYYYMMDDHHMMSSDMZ - 1) // 2,
+        ),
+        binary(min_size=1, max_size=1),
+        binary(
+            min_size=(LEN_YYYYMMDDHHMMSSDMZ - 1) // 2,
+            max_size=(LEN_YYYYMMDDHHMMSSDMZ - 1) // 2,
+        ),
+    )
+    def test_junk_dm(self, part0, part1, part2):
+        junk = part0 + part1 + part2
+        assume(not (set(junk) <= set(digits.encode("ascii"))))
+        with self.assertRaises(DecodeError):
+            GeneralizedTime().decode(
+                GeneralizedTime.tag_default +
+                len_encode(len(junk)) +
+                junk
+            )
+
 
 class TestUTCTime(TimeMixin, CommonMixin, TestCase):
     base_klass = UTCTime
@@ -3127,6 +3748,27 @@ class TestUTCTime(TimeMixin, CommonMixin, TestCase):
             1900 + year,
         )
 
+    @given(
+        binary(
+            min_size=(LEN_YYMMDDHHMMSSZ - 1) // 2,
+            max_size=(LEN_YYMMDDHHMMSSZ - 1) // 2,
+        ),
+        binary(min_size=1, max_size=1),
+        binary(
+            min_size=(LEN_YYMMDDHHMMSSZ - 1) // 2,
+            max_size=(LEN_YYMMDDHHMMSSZ - 1) // 2,
+        ),
+    )
+    def test_junk(self, part0, part1, part2):
+        junk = part0 + part1 + part2
+        assume(not (set(junk) <= set(digits.encode("ascii"))))
+        with self.assertRaises(DecodeError):
+            UTCTime().decode(
+                UTCTime.tag_default +
+                len_encode(len(junk)) +
+                junk
+            )
+
 
 @composite
 def any_values_strategy(draw, do_expl=False):
@@ -3265,10 +3907,9 @@ class TestAny(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=31),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_tag(self, tag, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             Any().decode(
                 tag_encode(tag)[:-1],
@@ -3282,10 +3923,9 @@ class TestAny(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=128),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_len(self, l, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             Any().decode(
                 Any.tag_default + len_encode(l)[:-1],
@@ -3302,8 +3942,9 @@ class TestAny(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         integers().map(lambda x: Integer(x).encode()),
         integers(min_value=1).map(tag_ctxc),
         integers(min_value=0),
+        binary(max_size=5),
     )
-    def test_symmetric(self, values, value, tag_expl, offset):
+    def test_symmetric(self, values, value, tag_expl, offset, tail_junk):
         for klass in (Any, AnyInherited):
             _, _, optional, _decoded = values
             obj = klass(value=value, optional=optional, _decoded=_decoded)
@@ -3316,10 +3957,13 @@ class TestAny(CommonMixin, TestCase):
             repr(obj_expled)
             pprint(obj_expled)
             obj_expled_encoded = obj_expled.encode()
-            obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(obj_expled_encoded, offset=offset)
+            obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(
+                obj_expled_encoded + tail_junk,
+                offset=offset,
+            )
             repr(obj_decoded)
             pprint(obj_decoded)
-            self.assertEqual(tail, b"")
+            self.assertEqual(tail, tail_junk)
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded, obj_expled)
             self.assertEqual(bytes(obj_decoded), bytes(obj_expled))
             self.assertEqual(bytes(obj_decoded), bytes(obj))
@@ -3341,17 +3985,57 @@ class TestAny(CommonMixin, TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.llen, 0)
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.vlen, len(value))
 
+    @given(
+        integers(min_value=1).map(tag_ctxc),
+        integers(min_value=0, max_value=3),
+        integers(min_value=0),
+        decode_path_strat,
+        binary(),
+    )
+    def test_indefinite(self, expl, chunks, offset, decode_path, junk):
+        chunk = Boolean(False, expl=expl).encode()
+        encoded = (
+            OctetString.tag_default +
+            LENINDEF +
+            b"".join([chunk] * chunks) +
+            EOC
+        )
+        obj, tail = Any().decode(
+            encoded + junk,
+            offset=offset,
+            decode_path=decode_path,
+            ctx={"bered": True},
+        )
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(tail, junk)
+        self.assertEqual(obj.offset, offset)
+        self.assertEqual(obj.tlvlen, len(encoded))
+        with self.assertRaises(NotEnoughData) as err:
+            Any().decode(
+                encoded[:-1],
+                offset=offset,
+                decode_path=decode_path,
+                ctx={"bered": True},
+            )
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.offset, offset + 1 + 1 + len(chunk) * chunks)
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.decode_path, decode_path + (str(chunks),))
+
 
 @composite
 def choice_values_strategy(draw, value_required=False, schema=None, do_expl=False):
     if schema is None:
         names = list(draw(sets(text_letters(), min_size=1, max_size=5)))
-        tags = [tag_encode(tag) for tag in draw(sets(
-            integers(min_value=0),
+        tags = [{tag_type: tag_value} for tag_type, tag_value in draw(sets(
+            one_of(
+                tuples(just("impl"), integers(min_value=0).map(tag_encode)),
+                tuples(just("expl"), integers(min_value=0).map(tag_ctxp)),
+            ),
             min_size=len(names),
             max_size=len(names),
         ))]
-        schema = [(name, Integer(impl=tag)) for name, tag in zip(names, tags)]
+        schema = [
+            (name, Integer(**tag_kwargs))
+            for name, tag_kwargs in zip(names, tags)
+        ]
     value = None
     if value_required or draw(booleans()):
         value = draw(tuples(
@@ -3546,6 +4230,7 @@ class TestChoice(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         )
         tag_expl = tag_ctxc(d.draw(integers(min_value=1)))
         offset = d.draw(integers(min_value=0))
+        tail_junk = d.draw(binary(max_size=5))
 
         class Wahl(self.base_klass):
             schema = _schema
@@ -3564,10 +4249,13 @@ class TestChoice(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         repr(obj_expled)
         pprint(obj_expled)
         obj_expled_encoded = obj_expled.encode()
-        obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(obj_expled_encoded, offset=offset)
+        obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(
+            obj_expled_encoded + tail_junk,
+            offset=offset,
+        )
         repr(obj_decoded)
         pprint(obj_decoded)
-        self.assertEqual(tail, b"")
+        self.assertEqual(tail, tail_junk)
         self.assertEqual(obj_decoded, obj_expled)
         self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.choice, obj_expled.choice)
         self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.value, obj_expled.value)
@@ -3589,8 +4277,8 @@ class TestChoice(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.expl_offset, offset)
         self.assertSequenceEqual(
             obj_expled_encoded[
-                obj_decoded.value.offset - offset:
-                obj_decoded.value.offset + obj_decoded.value.tlvlen - offset
+                obj_decoded.value.fulloffset - offset:
+                obj_decoded.value.fulloffset + obj_decoded.value.fulllen - offset
             ],
             obj_encoded,
         )
@@ -3627,6 +4315,26 @@ class TestChoice(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         with self.assertRaises(TagMismatch):
             obj.decode(int_encoded)
 
+    def test_tag_mismatch_underlying(self):
+        class SeqOfBoolean(SequenceOf):
+            schema = Boolean()
+
+        class SeqOfInteger(SequenceOf):
+            schema = Integer()
+
+        class Wahl(Choice):
+            schema = (
+                ("erste", SeqOfBoolean()),
+            )
+
+        int_encoded = SeqOfInteger((Integer(123),)).encode()
+        bool_encoded = SeqOfBoolean((Boolean(False),)).encode()
+        obj = Wahl()
+        obj.decode(bool_encoded)
+        with self.assertRaises(TagMismatch) as err:
+            obj.decode(int_encoded)
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.decode_path, ("erste", "0"))
+
 
 @composite
 def seq_values_strategy(draw, seq_klass, do_expl=False):
@@ -3802,7 +4510,7 @@ def sequences_strategy(draw, seq_klass):
 class SeqMixing(object):
     def test_invalid_value_type(self):
         with self.assertRaises(InvalidValueType) as err:
-            self.base_klass((1, 2, 3))
+            self.base_klass(123)
         repr(err.exception)
 
     def test_invalid_value_type_set(self):
@@ -3983,10 +4691,9 @@ class SeqMixing(object):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=31),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_tag(self, tag, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             self.base_klass().decode(
                 tag_encode(tag)[:-1],
@@ -4000,10 +4707,9 @@ class SeqMixing(object):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=128),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_len(self, l, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             self.base_klass().decode(
                 self.base_klass.tag_default + len_encode(l)[:-1],
@@ -4033,31 +4739,55 @@ class SeqMixing(object):
     @given(data_strategy())
     def test_symmetric(self, d):
         seq, expects = d.draw(sequence_strategy(seq_klass=self.base_klass))
+        tail_junk = d.draw(binary(max_size=5))
         self.assertTrue(seq.ready)
         self.assertFalse(seq.decoded)
         self._assert_expects(seq, expects)
         repr(seq)
         pprint(seq)
-        seq_encoded = seq.encode()
-        seq_decoded, tail = seq.decode(seq_encoded)
-        self.assertEqual(tail, b"")
         self.assertTrue(seq.ready)
-        self._assert_expects(seq_decoded, expects)
-        self.assertEqual(seq, seq_decoded)
-        self.assertEqual(seq_decoded.encode(), seq_encoded)
-        for expect in expects:
-            if not expect["presented"]:
-                self.assertNotIn(expect["name"], seq_decoded)
-                continue
-            self.assertIn(expect["name"], seq_decoded)
-            obj = seq_decoded[expect["name"]]
-            self.assertTrue(obj.decoded)
-            offset = obj.expl_offset if obj.expled else obj.offset
-            tlvlen = obj.expl_tlvlen if obj.expled else obj.tlvlen
-            self.assertSequenceEqual(
-                seq_encoded[offset:offset + tlvlen],
-                obj.encode(),
-            )
+        seq_encoded = seq.encode()
+        seq_decoded, tail = seq.decode(seq_encoded + tail_junk)
+        self.assertFalse(seq_decoded.lenindef)
+
+        t, _, lv = tag_strip(seq_encoded)
+        _, _, v = len_decode(lv)
+        seq_encoded_lenindef = t + LENINDEF + v + EOC
+        seq_decoded_lenindef, tail_lenindef = seq.decode(
+            seq_encoded_lenindef + tail_junk,
+            ctx={"bered": True},
+        )
+        self.assertTrue(seq_decoded_lenindef.lenindef)
+        with self.assertRaises(DecodeError):
+            seq.decode(seq_encoded_lenindef[:-1], ctx={"bered": True})
+        with self.assertRaises(DecodeError):
+            seq.decode(seq_encoded_lenindef[:-2], ctx={"bered": True})
+        repr(seq_decoded_lenindef)
+        pprint(seq_decoded_lenindef)
+        self.assertTrue(seq_decoded_lenindef.ready)
+
+        for decoded, decoded_tail, encoded in (
+                (seq_decoded, tail, seq_encoded),
+                (seq_decoded_lenindef, tail_lenindef, seq_encoded_lenindef),
+        ):
+            self.assertEqual(decoded_tail, tail_junk)
+            self._assert_expects(decoded, expects)
+            self.assertEqual(seq, decoded)
+            self.assertEqual(decoded.encode(), seq_encoded)
+            self.assertEqual(decoded.tlvlen, len(encoded))
+            for expect in expects:
+                if not expect["presented"]:
+                    self.assertNotIn(expect["name"], decoded)
+                    continue
+                self.assertIn(expect["name"], decoded)
+                obj = decoded[expect["name"]]
+                self.assertTrue(obj.decoded)
+                offset = obj.expl_offset if obj.expled else obj.offset
+                tlvlen = obj.expl_tlvlen if obj.expled else obj.tlvlen
+                self.assertSequenceEqual(
+                    seq_encoded[offset:offset + tlvlen],
+                    obj.encode(),
+                )
 
     @settings(max_examples=LONG_TEST_MAX_EXAMPLES)
     @given(data_strategy())
@@ -4203,6 +4933,16 @@ class TestSequence(SeqMixing, CommonMixin, TestCase):
             seq[missing] = Boolean()
         repr(err.exception)
 
+    def test_x690_vector(self):
+        class Seq(Sequence):
+            schema = (
+                ("name", IA5String()),
+                ("ok", Boolean()),
+            )
+        seq = Seq().decode(hexdec("300A1605536d6974680101FF"))[0]
+        self.assertEqual(seq["name"], "Smith")
+        self.assertEqual(seq["ok"], True)
+
 
 class TestSet(SeqMixing, CommonMixin, TestCase):
     base_klass = Set
@@ -4370,17 +5110,27 @@ class SeqOfMixing(object):
             schema = Boolean()
         bound_min = d.draw(integers(min_value=1, max_value=1 << 7))
         bound_max = d.draw(integers(min_value=bound_min, max_value=1 << 7))
-        value = [Boolean()] * d.draw(integers(max_value=bound_min - 1))
+        value = [Boolean(False)] * d.draw(integers(max_value=bound_min - 1))
         with self.assertRaises(BoundsError) as err:
             SeqOf(value=value, bounds=(bound_min, bound_max))
         repr(err.exception)
-        value = [Boolean()] * d.draw(integers(
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "bounds") as err:
+            SeqOf(bounds=(bound_min, bound_max)).decode(
+                SeqOf(value).encode()
+            )
+        repr(err.exception)
+        value = [Boolean(True)] * d.draw(integers(
             min_value=bound_max + 1,
             max_value=bound_max + 10,
         ))
         with self.assertRaises(BoundsError) as err:
             SeqOf(value=value, bounds=(bound_min, bound_max))
         repr(err.exception)
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "bounds") as err:
+            SeqOf(bounds=(bound_min, bound_max)).decode(
+                SeqOf(value).encode()
+            )
+        repr(err.exception)
 
     @given(integers(min_value=1, max_value=10))
     def test_out_of_bounds(self, bound_max):
@@ -4525,10 +5275,9 @@ class SeqOfMixing(object):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=31),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_tag(self, tag, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             self.base_klass().decode(
                 tag_encode(tag)[:-1],
@@ -4542,10 +5291,9 @@ class SeqOfMixing(object):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=128),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_len(self, l, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             self.base_klass().decode(
                 self.base_klass.tag_default + len_encode(l)[:-1],
@@ -4568,8 +5316,9 @@ class SeqOfMixing(object):
         lists(integers().map(Integer)),
         integers(min_value=1).map(tag_ctxc),
         integers(min_value=0),
+        binary(max_size=5),
     )
-    def test_symmetric(self, values, value, tag_expl, offset):
+    def test_symmetric(self, values, value, tag_expl, offset, tail_junk):
         _, _, _, _, _, default, optional, _decoded = values
 
         class SeqOf(self.base_klass):
@@ -4589,10 +5338,13 @@ class SeqOfMixing(object):
         repr(obj_expled)
         pprint(obj_expled)
         obj_expled_encoded = obj_expled.encode()
-        obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(obj_expled_encoded, offset=offset)
+        obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(
+            obj_expled_encoded + tail_junk,
+            offset=offset,
+        )
         repr(obj_decoded)
         pprint(obj_decoded)
-        self.assertEqual(tail, b"")
+        self.assertEqual(tail, tail_junk)
         self._test_symmetric_compare_objs(obj_decoded, obj_expled)
         self.assertSequenceEqual(obj_decoded.encode(), obj_expled_encoded)
         self.assertSequenceEqual(obj_decoded.expl_tag, tag_expl)
@@ -4618,6 +5370,22 @@ class SeqOfMixing(object):
                 ],
             )
 
+        t, _, lv = tag_strip(obj_encoded)
+        _, _, v = len_decode(lv)
+        obj_encoded_lenindef = t + LENINDEF + v + EOC
+        obj_decoded_lenindef, tail_lenindef = obj.decode(
+            obj_encoded_lenindef + tail_junk,
+            ctx={"bered": True},
+        )
+        self.assertTrue(obj_decoded_lenindef.lenindef)
+        repr(obj_decoded_lenindef)
+        pprint(obj_decoded_lenindef)
+        self.assertEqual(obj_decoded_lenindef.tlvlen, len(obj_encoded_lenindef))
+        with self.assertRaises(DecodeError):
+            obj.decode(obj_encoded_lenindef[:-1], ctx={"bered": True})
+        with self.assertRaises(DecodeError):
+            obj.decode(obj_encoded_lenindef[:-2], ctx={"bered": True})
+
 
 class TestSequenceOf(SeqOfMixing, CommonMixin, TestCase):
     class SeqOf(SequenceOf):
@@ -4861,3 +5629,296 @@ class TestAutoAddSlots(TestCase):
         with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
             inher = Inher()
             inher.unexistent = "whatever"
+
+
+class TestOIDDefines(TestCase):
+    @given(data_strategy())
+    def runTest(self, d):
+        value_names = list(d.draw(sets(text_letters(), min_size=1, max_size=10)))
+        value_name_chosen = d.draw(sampled_from(value_names))
+        oids = [
+            ObjectIdentifier(oid)
+            for oid in d.draw(sets(oid_strategy(), min_size=2, max_size=10))
+        ]
+        oid_chosen = d.draw(sampled_from(oids))
+        values = d.draw(lists(
+            integers(),
+            min_size=len(value_names),
+            max_size=len(value_names),
+        ))
+        _schema = [
+            ("type", ObjectIdentifier(defines=(((value_name_chosen,), {
+                oid: Integer() for oid in oids[:-1]
+            }),))),
+        ]
+        for i, value_name in enumerate(value_names):
+            _schema.append((value_name, Any(expl=tag_ctxp(i))))
+
+        class Seq(Sequence):
+            schema = _schema
+        seq = Seq()
+        for value_name, value in zip(value_names, values):
+            seq[value_name] = Any(Integer(value).encode())
+        seq["type"] = oid_chosen
+        seq, _ = Seq().decode(seq.encode())
+        for value_name in value_names:
+            if value_name == value_name_chosen:
+                continue
+            self.assertIsNone(seq[value_name].defined)
+        if value_name_chosen in oids[:-1]:
+            self.assertIsNotNone(seq[value_name_chosen].defined)
+            self.assertEqual(seq[value_name_chosen].defined[0], oid_chosen)
+            self.assertIsInstance(seq[value_name_chosen].defined[1], Integer)
+
+
+class TestDefinesByPath(TestCase):
+    def test_generated(self):
+        class Seq(Sequence):
+            schema = (
+                ("type", ObjectIdentifier()),
+                ("value", OctetString(expl=tag_ctxc(123))),
+            )
+
+        class SeqInner(Sequence):
+            schema = (
+                ("typeInner", ObjectIdentifier()),
+                ("valueInner", Any()),
+            )
+
+        class PairValue(SetOf):
+            schema = Any()
+
+        class Pair(Sequence):
+            schema = (
+                ("type", ObjectIdentifier()),
+                ("value", PairValue()),
+            )
+
+        class Pairs(SequenceOf):
+            schema = Pair()
+
+        (
+            type_integered,
+            type_sequenced,
+            type_innered,
+            type_octet_stringed,
+        ) = [
+            ObjectIdentifier(oid)
+            for oid in sets(oid_strategy(), min_size=4, max_size=4).example()
+        ]
+        seq_integered = Seq()
+        seq_integered["type"] = type_integered
+        seq_integered["value"] = OctetString(Integer(123).encode())
+        seq_integered_raw = seq_integered.encode()
+
+        pairs = Pairs()
+        pairs_input = (
+            (type_octet_stringed, OctetString(b"whatever")),
+            (type_integered, Integer(123)),
+            (type_octet_stringed, OctetString(b"whenever")),
+            (type_integered, Integer(234)),
+        )
+        for t, v in pairs_input:
+            pair = Pair()
+            pair["type"] = t
+            pair["value"] = PairValue((Any(v),))
+            pairs.append(pair)
+        seq_inner = SeqInner()
+        seq_inner["typeInner"] = type_innered
+        seq_inner["valueInner"] = Any(pairs)
+        seq_sequenced = Seq()
+        seq_sequenced["type"] = type_sequenced
+        seq_sequenced["value"] = OctetString(seq_inner.encode())
+        seq_sequenced_raw = seq_sequenced.encode()
+
+        defines_by_path = []
+        seq_integered, _ = Seq().decode(seq_integered_raw)
+        self.assertIsNone(seq_integered["value"].defined)
+        defines_by_path.append(
+            (("type",), ((("value",), {
+                type_integered: Integer(),
+                type_sequenced: SeqInner(),
+            }),))
+        )
+        seq_integered, _ = Seq().decode(
+            seq_integered_raw,
+            ctx={"defines_by_path": defines_by_path},
+        )
+        self.assertIsNotNone(seq_integered["value"].defined)
+        self.assertEqual(seq_integered["value"].defined[0], type_integered)
+        self.assertEqual(seq_integered["value"].defined[1], Integer(123))
+        self.assertTrue(seq_integered_raw[
+            seq_integered["value"].defined[1].offset:
+        ].startswith(Integer(123).encode()))
+
+        seq_sequenced, _ = Seq().decode(
+            seq_sequenced_raw,
+            ctx={"defines_by_path": defines_by_path},
+        )
+        self.assertIsNotNone(seq_sequenced["value"].defined)
+        self.assertEqual(seq_sequenced["value"].defined[0], type_sequenced)
+        seq_inner = seq_sequenced["value"].defined[1]
+        self.assertIsNone(seq_inner["valueInner"].defined)
+
+        defines_by_path.append((
+            ("value", DecodePathDefBy(type_sequenced), "typeInner"),
+            ((("valueInner",), {type_innered: Pairs()}),),
+        ))
+        seq_sequenced, _ = Seq().decode(
+            seq_sequenced_raw,
+            ctx={"defines_by_path": defines_by_path},
+        )
+        self.assertIsNotNone(seq_sequenced["value"].defined)
+        self.assertEqual(seq_sequenced["value"].defined[0], type_sequenced)
+        seq_inner = seq_sequenced["value"].defined[1]
+        self.assertIsNotNone(seq_inner["valueInner"].defined)
+        self.assertEqual(seq_inner["valueInner"].defined[0], type_innered)
+        pairs = seq_inner["valueInner"].defined[1]
+        for pair in pairs:
+            self.assertIsNone(pair["value"][0].defined)
+
+        defines_by_path.append((
+            (
+                "value",
+                DecodePathDefBy(type_sequenced),
+                "valueInner",
+                DecodePathDefBy(type_innered),
+                any,
+                "type",
+            ),
+            ((("value",), {
+                type_integered: Integer(),
+                type_octet_stringed: OctetString(),
+            }),),
+        ))
+        seq_sequenced, _ = Seq().decode(
+            seq_sequenced_raw,
+            ctx={"defines_by_path": defines_by_path},
+        )
+        self.assertIsNotNone(seq_sequenced["value"].defined)
+        self.assertEqual(seq_sequenced["value"].defined[0], type_sequenced)
+        seq_inner = seq_sequenced["value"].defined[1]
+        self.assertIsNotNone(seq_inner["valueInner"].defined)
+        self.assertEqual(seq_inner["valueInner"].defined[0], type_innered)
+        pairs_got = seq_inner["valueInner"].defined[1]
+        for pair_input, pair_got in zip(pairs_input, pairs_got):
+            self.assertEqual(pair_got["value"][0].defined[0], pair_input[0])
+            self.assertEqual(pair_got["value"][0].defined[1], pair_input[1])
+
+    @given(oid_strategy(), integers())
+    def test_simple(self, oid, tgt):
+        class Inner(Sequence):
+            schema = (
+                ("oid", ObjectIdentifier(defines=((("..", "tgt"), {
+                    ObjectIdentifier(oid): Integer(),
+                }),))),
+            )
+
+        class Outer(Sequence):
+            schema = (
+                ("inner", Inner()),
+                ("tgt", OctetString()),
+            )
+
+        inner = Inner()
+        inner["oid"] = ObjectIdentifier(oid)
+        outer = Outer()
+        outer["inner"] = inner
+        outer["tgt"] = OctetString(Integer(tgt).encode())
+        decoded, _ = Outer().decode(outer.encode())
+        self.assertEqual(decoded["tgt"].defined[1], Integer(tgt))
+
+
+class TestAbsDecodePath(TestCase):
+    @given(
+        lists(text(alphabet=ascii_letters, min_size=1)).map(tuple),
+        lists(text(alphabet=ascii_letters, min_size=1), min_size=1).map(tuple),
+    )
+    def test_concat(self, decode_path, rel_path):
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(
+            abs_decode_path(decode_path, rel_path),
+            decode_path + rel_path,
+        )
+
+    @given(
+        lists(text(alphabet=ascii_letters, min_size=1)).map(tuple),
+        lists(text(alphabet=ascii_letters, min_size=1), min_size=1).map(tuple),
+    )
+    def test_abs(self, decode_path, rel_path):
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(
+            abs_decode_path(decode_path, ("/",) + rel_path),
+            rel_path,
+        )
+
+    @given(
+        lists(text(alphabet=ascii_letters, min_size=1), min_size=5).map(tuple),
+        integers(min_value=1, max_value=3),
+        lists(text(alphabet=ascii_letters, min_size=1), min_size=1).map(tuple),
+    )
+    def test_dots(self, decode_path, number_of_dots, rel_path):
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(
+            abs_decode_path(decode_path, tuple([".."] * number_of_dots) + rel_path),
+            decode_path[:-number_of_dots] + rel_path,
+        )
+
+
+class TestStrictDefaultExistence(TestCase):
+    @given(data_strategy())
+    def runTest(self, d):
+        count = d.draw(integers(min_value=1, max_value=10))
+        chosen = d.draw(integers(min_value=0, max_value=count - 1))
+        _schema = [
+            ("int%d" % i, Integer(expl=tag_ctxc(i + 1)))
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
+
+        class Seq(Sequence):
+            schema = _schema
+        seq = Seq()
+        for i in range(count):
+            seq["int%d" % i] = Integer(123)
+        raw = seq.encode()
+        chosen = "int%d" % chosen
+        seq.specs[chosen] = seq.specs[chosen](default=123)
+        seq.decode(raw)
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "DEFAULT value met"):
+            seq.decode(raw, ctx={"strict_default_existence": True})
+
+
+class TestX690PrefixedType(TestCase):
+    def runTest(self):
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(
+            VisibleString("Jones").encode(),
+            hexdec("1A054A6F6E6573"),
+        )
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(
+            VisibleString(
+                "Jones",
+                impl=tag_encode(3, klass=TagClassApplication),
+            ).encode(),
+            hexdec("43054A6F6E6573"),
+        )
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(
+            Any(
+                VisibleString(
+                    "Jones",
+                    impl=tag_encode(3, klass=TagClassApplication),
+                ),
+                expl=tag_ctxc(2),
+            ).encode(),
+            hexdec("A20743054A6F6E6573"),
+        )
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(
+            OctetString(
+                VisibleString(
+                    "Jones",
+                    impl=tag_encode(3, klass=TagClassApplication),
+                ).encode(),
+                impl=tag_encode(7, form=TagFormConstructed, klass=TagClassApplication),
+            ).encode(),
+            hexdec("670743054A6F6E6573"),
+        )
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(
+            VisibleString("Jones", impl=tag_ctxp(2)).encode(),
+            hexdec("82054A6F6E6573"),
+        )