]> Cypherpunks.ru repositories - pyderasn.git/blobdiff - tests/test_pyderasn.py
Fix minimal tag value in tests: zero tag has only EOC
[pyderasn.git] / tests / test_pyderasn.py
index 23127261feb9175309eea0f8b6e41356f0e7cf56..1cce9ed5a3988a92b92248e987d2e012366bf798 100644 (file)
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
 # coding: utf-8
 # coding: utf-8
-# PyDERASN -- Python ASN.1 DER codec with abstract structures
-# Copyright (C) 2017 Sergey Matveev <stargrave@stargrave.org>
+# PyDERASN -- Python ASN.1 DER/BER codec with abstract structures
+# Copyright (C) 2017-2020 Sergey Matveev <stargrave@stargrave.org>
 #
 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
 #
 # This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 # it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
-# published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
-# License, or (at your option) any later version.
+# published by the Free Software Foundation, version 3 of the License.
 #
 # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 #
 # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 # License along with this program.  If not, see
 # <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
 # License along with this program.  If not, see
 # <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
+from copy import copy
+from copy import deepcopy
 from datetime import datetime
 from datetime import datetime
+from datetime import timedelta
+from importlib import import_module
+from os import environ
+from random import random
 from string import ascii_letters
 from string import ascii_letters
+from string import digits
 from string import printable
 from string import whitespace
 from string import printable
 from string import whitespace
+from time import mktime
+from time import time
 from unittest import TestCase
 
 from hypothesis import assume
 from unittest import TestCase
 
 from hypothesis import assume
@@ -42,23 +50,32 @@ from hypothesis.strategies import sets
 from hypothesis.strategies import text
 from hypothesis.strategies import tuples
 from six import assertRaisesRegex
 from hypothesis.strategies import text
 from hypothesis.strategies import tuples
 from six import assertRaisesRegex
+from six import binary_type
 from six import byte2int
 from six import indexbytes
 from six import int2byte
 from six import iterbytes
 from six import PY2
 from six import text_type
 from six import byte2int
 from six import indexbytes
 from six import int2byte
 from six import iterbytes
 from six import PY2
 from six import text_type
+from six import unichr as six_unichr
+from six.moves.cPickle import dumps as pickle_dumps
+from six.moves.cPickle import HIGHEST_PROTOCOL as pickle_proto
+from six.moves.cPickle import loads as pickle_loads
 
 from pyderasn import _pp
 
 from pyderasn import _pp
+from pyderasn import abs_decode_path
 from pyderasn import Any
 from pyderasn import BitString
 from pyderasn import BMPString
 from pyderasn import Boolean
 from pyderasn import BoundsError
 from pyderasn import Choice
 from pyderasn import Any
 from pyderasn import BitString
 from pyderasn import BMPString
 from pyderasn import Boolean
 from pyderasn import BoundsError
 from pyderasn import Choice
-from pyderasn import decode_path_defby
 from pyderasn import DecodeError
 from pyderasn import DecodeError
+from pyderasn import DecodePathDefBy
 from pyderasn import Enumerated
 from pyderasn import Enumerated
+from pyderasn import EOC
+from pyderasn import EOC_LEN
+from pyderasn import ExceedingData
 from pyderasn import GeneralizedTime
 from pyderasn import GeneralString
 from pyderasn import GraphicString
 from pyderasn import GeneralizedTime
 from pyderasn import GeneralString
 from pyderasn import GraphicString
@@ -71,6 +88,11 @@ from pyderasn import InvalidOID
 from pyderasn import InvalidValueType
 from pyderasn import len_decode
 from pyderasn import len_encode
 from pyderasn import InvalidValueType
 from pyderasn import len_decode
 from pyderasn import len_encode
+from pyderasn import LEN_YYMMDDHHMMSSZ
+from pyderasn import LEN_YYYYMMDDHHMMSSDMZ
+from pyderasn import LEN_YYYYMMDDHHMMSSZ
+from pyderasn import LENINDEF
+from pyderasn import LenIndefForm
 from pyderasn import NotEnoughData
 from pyderasn import Null
 from pyderasn import NumericString
 from pyderasn import NotEnoughData
 from pyderasn import Null
 from pyderasn import NumericString
@@ -105,11 +127,12 @@ from pyderasn import VideotexString
 from pyderasn import VisibleString
 
 
 from pyderasn import VisibleString
 
 
-settings.register_profile('local', settings(
+max_examples = environ.get("MAX_EXAMPLES")
+settings.register_profile("local", settings(
     deadline=5000,
     deadline=5000,
-    perform_health_check=False,
+    **({"max_examples": int(max_examples)} if max_examples else {})
 ))
 ))
-settings.load_profile('local')
+settings.load_profile("local")
 LONG_TEST_MAX_EXAMPLES = settings().max_examples * 4
 
 tag_classes = sampled_from((
 LONG_TEST_MAX_EXAMPLES = settings().max_examples * 4
 
 tag_classes = sampled_from((
@@ -119,6 +142,30 @@ tag_classes = sampled_from((
     TagClassUniversal,
 ))
 tag_forms = sampled_from((TagFormConstructed, TagFormPrimitive))
     TagClassUniversal,
 ))
 tag_forms = sampled_from((TagFormConstructed, TagFormPrimitive))
+decode_path_strat = lists(integers(), max_size=3).map(
+    lambda decode_path: tuple(str(dp) for dp in decode_path)
+)
+ctx_dummy = dictionaries(integers(), integers(), min_size=2, max_size=4).example()
+copy_funcs = (
+    copy,
+    lambda obj: pickle_loads(pickle_dumps(obj, pickle_proto)),
+)
+self_module = import_module(__name__)
+
+
+def register_class(klass):
+    klassname = klass.__name__ + str(time()).replace(".", "")
+    klass.__name__ = klassname
+    klass.__qualname__ = klassname
+    setattr(self_module, klassname, klass)
+
+
+def assert_exceeding_data(self, call, junk):
+    if len(junk) <= 0:
+        return
+    with assertRaisesRegex(self, ExceedingData, "%d trailing bytes" % len(junk)) as err:
+        call()
+    repr(err)
 
 
 class TestHex(TestCase):
 
 
 class TestHex(TestCase):
@@ -282,7 +329,7 @@ class CommonMixin(object):
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             self.base_klass(impl=b"whatever", expl=b"whenever")
 
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
             self.base_klass(impl=b"whatever", expl=b"whenever")
 
-    @given(binary(), integers(), integers(), integers())
+    @given(binary(min_size=1), integers(), integers(), integers())
     def test_decoded(self, impl, offset, llen, vlen):
         obj = self.base_klass(impl=impl, _decoded=(offset, llen, vlen))
         self.assertEqual(obj.offset, offset)
     def test_decoded(self, impl, offset, llen, vlen):
         obj = self.base_klass(impl=impl, _decoded=(offset, llen, vlen))
         self.assertEqual(obj.offset, offset)
@@ -291,7 +338,7 @@ class CommonMixin(object):
         self.assertEqual(obj.tlen, len(impl))
         self.assertEqual(obj.tlvlen, obj.tlen + obj.llen + obj.vlen)
 
         self.assertEqual(obj.tlen, len(impl))
         self.assertEqual(obj.tlvlen, obj.tlen + obj.llen + obj.vlen)
 
-    @given(binary())
+    @given(binary(min_size=1))
     def test_impl_inherited(self, impl_tag):
         class Inherited(self.base_klass):
             impl = impl_tag
     def test_impl_inherited(self, impl_tag):
         class Inherited(self.base_klass):
             impl = impl_tag
@@ -299,7 +346,7 @@ class CommonMixin(object):
         self.assertSequenceEqual(obj.impl, impl_tag)
         self.assertFalse(obj.expled)
 
         self.assertSequenceEqual(obj.impl, impl_tag)
         self.assertFalse(obj.expled)
 
-    @given(binary())
+    @given(binary(min_size=1))
     def test_expl_inherited(self, expl_tag):
         class Inherited(self.base_klass):
             expl = expl_tag
     def test_expl_inherited(self, expl_tag):
         class Inherited(self.base_klass):
             expl = expl_tag
@@ -359,16 +406,18 @@ class TestBoolean(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         obj = Boolean()
         self.assertFalse(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
         obj = Boolean()
         self.assertFalse(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
-        pprint(obj)
+        list(obj.pps())
+        pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
         with self.assertRaises(ObjNotReady) as err:
             obj.encode()
         repr(err.exception)
         obj = Boolean(value)
         self.assertTrue(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
         with self.assertRaises(ObjNotReady) as err:
             obj.encode()
         repr(err.exception)
         obj = Boolean(value)
         self.assertTrue(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
-        pprint(obj)
+        list(obj.pps())
+        pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
 
 
-    @given(booleans(), booleans(), binary(), binary())
+    @given(booleans(), booleans(), binary(min_size=1), binary(min_size=1))
     def test_comparison(self, value1, value2, tag1, tag2):
         for klass in (Boolean, BooleanInherited):
             obj1 = klass(value1)
     def test_comparison(self, value1, value2, tag1, tag2):
         for klass in (Boolean, BooleanInherited):
             obj1 = klass(value1)
@@ -433,8 +482,9 @@ class TestBoolean(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     def test_copy(self, values):
         for klass in (Boolean, BooleanInherited):
             obj = klass(*values)
     def test_copy(self, values):
         for klass in (Boolean, BooleanInherited):
             obj = klass(*values)
-            obj_copied = obj.copy()
-            self.assert_copied_basic_fields(obj, obj_copied)
+            for copy_func in copy_funcs:
+                obj_copied = copy_func(obj)
+                self.assert_copied_basic_fields(obj, obj_copied)
 
     @given(
         booleans(),
 
     @given(
         booleans(),
@@ -457,10 +507,9 @@ class TestBoolean(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=31),
         integers(min_value=0),
     @given(
         integers(min_value=31),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_tag(self, tag, offset, decode_path):
     )
     def test_bad_tag(self, tag, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             Boolean().decode(
                 tag_encode(tag)[:-1],
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             Boolean().decode(
                 tag_encode(tag)[:-1],
@@ -474,10 +523,9 @@ class TestBoolean(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=31),
         integers(min_value=0),
     @given(
         integers(min_value=31),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_expl_tag(self, tag, offset, decode_path):
     )
     def test_bad_expl_tag(self, tag, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             Boolean(expl=Boolean.tag_default).decode(
                 tag_encode(tag)[:-1],
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             Boolean(expl=Boolean.tag_default).decode(
                 tag_encode(tag)[:-1],
@@ -491,10 +539,9 @@ class TestBoolean(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=128),
         integers(min_value=0),
     @given(
         integers(min_value=128),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_len(self, l, offset, decode_path):
     )
     def test_bad_len(self, l, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             Boolean().decode(
                 Boolean.tag_default + len_encode(l)[:-1],
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             Boolean().decode(
                 Boolean.tag_default + len_encode(l)[:-1],
@@ -508,10 +555,9 @@ class TestBoolean(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=128),
         integers(min_value=0),
     @given(
         integers(min_value=128),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_expl_len(self, l, offset, decode_path):
     )
     def test_bad_expl_len(self, l, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             Boolean(expl=Boolean.tag_default).decode(
                 Boolean.tag_default + len_encode(l)[:-1],
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             Boolean(expl=Boolean.tag_default).decode(
                 Boolean.tag_default + len_encode(l)[:-1],
@@ -528,8 +574,9 @@ class TestBoolean(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         booleans(),
         integers(min_value=1).map(tag_ctxc),
         integers(min_value=0),
         booleans(),
         integers(min_value=1).map(tag_ctxc),
         integers(min_value=0),
+        binary(max_size=5),
     )
     )
-    def test_symmetric(self, values, value, tag_expl, offset):
+    def test_symmetric(self, values, value, tag_expl, offset, tail_junk):
         for klass in (Boolean, BooleanInherited):
             _, _, _, default, optional, _decoded = values
             obj = klass(
         for klass in (Boolean, BooleanInherited):
             _, _, _, default, optional, _decoded = values
             obj = klass(
@@ -539,23 +586,32 @@ class TestBoolean(CommonMixin, TestCase):
                 _decoded=_decoded,
             )
             repr(obj)
                 _decoded=_decoded,
             )
             repr(obj)
-            pprint(obj)
+            list(obj.pps())
+            pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
             self.assertFalse(obj.expled)
             obj_encoded = obj.encode()
             obj_expled = obj(value, expl=tag_expl)
             self.assertTrue(obj_expled.expled)
             repr(obj_expled)
             self.assertFalse(obj.expled)
             obj_encoded = obj.encode()
             obj_expled = obj(value, expl=tag_expl)
             self.assertTrue(obj_expled.expled)
             repr(obj_expled)
-            pprint(obj_expled)
-            obj_expled_encoded = obj_expled.encode()
-            obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(obj_expled_encoded, offset=offset)
+            list(obj_expled.pps())
+            pprint(obj_expled, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
+            obj_expled_hex_encoded = obj_expled.hexencode()
+            ctx_copied = deepcopy(ctx_dummy)
+            obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.hexdecode(
+                obj_expled_hex_encoded + hexenc(tail_junk),
+                offset=offset,
+                ctx=ctx_copied,
+            )
+            self.assertDictEqual(ctx_copied, ctx_dummy)
             repr(obj_decoded)
             repr(obj_decoded)
-            pprint(obj_decoded)
-            self.assertEqual(tail, b"")
+            list(obj_decoded.pps())
+            pprint(obj_decoded, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
+            self.assertEqual(tail, tail_junk)
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded, obj_expled)
             self.assertNotEqual(obj_decoded, obj)
             self.assertEqual(bool(obj_decoded), bool(obj_expled))
             self.assertEqual(bool(obj_decoded), bool(obj))
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded, obj_expled)
             self.assertNotEqual(obj_decoded, obj)
             self.assertEqual(bool(obj_decoded), bool(obj_expled))
             self.assertEqual(bool(obj_decoded), bool(obj))
-            self.assertSequenceEqual(obj_decoded.encode(), obj_expled_encoded)
+            self.assertSequenceEqual(obj_decoded.hexencode(), obj_expled_hex_encoded)
             self.assertSequenceEqual(obj_decoded.expl_tag, tag_expl)
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.expl_tlen, len(tag_expl))
             self.assertEqual(
             self.assertSequenceEqual(obj_decoded.expl_tag, tag_expl)
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.expl_tlen, len(tag_expl))
             self.assertEqual(
@@ -569,6 +625,11 @@ class TestBoolean(CommonMixin, TestCase):
                 offset + obj_decoded.expl_tlen + obj_decoded.expl_llen,
             )
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.expl_offset, offset)
                 offset + obj_decoded.expl_tlen + obj_decoded.expl_llen,
             )
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.expl_offset, offset)
+            assert_exceeding_data(
+                self,
+                lambda: obj_expled.hexdecod(obj_expled_hex_encoded + hexenc(tail_junk)),
+                tail_junk,
+            )
 
     @given(integers(min_value=2))
     def test_invalid_len(self, l):
 
     @given(integers(min_value=2))
     def test_invalid_len(self, l):
@@ -580,13 +641,111 @@ class TestBoolean(CommonMixin, TestCase):
             )))
 
     @given(integers(min_value=0 + 1, max_value=255 - 1))
             )))
 
     @given(integers(min_value=0 + 1, max_value=255 - 1))
-    def test_invalid_value(self, value):
+    def test_ber_value(self, value):
         with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "unacceptable Boolean value"):
             Boolean().decode(b"".join((
                 Boolean.tag_default,
                 len_encode(1),
                 int2byte(value),
             )))
         with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "unacceptable Boolean value"):
             Boolean().decode(b"".join((
                 Boolean.tag_default,
                 len_encode(1),
                 int2byte(value),
             )))
+        obj, _ = Boolean().decode(
+            b"".join((
+                Boolean.tag_default,
+                len_encode(1),
+                int2byte(value),
+            )),
+            ctx={"bered": True},
+        )
+        self.assertTrue(bool(obj))
+        self.assertTrue(obj.ber_encoded)
+        self.assertFalse(obj.lenindef)
+        self.assertTrue(obj.bered)
+        obj = copy(obj)
+        self.assertTrue(obj.ber_encoded)
+        self.assertFalse(obj.lenindef)
+        self.assertTrue(obj.bered)
+
+    @given(
+        integers(min_value=1).map(tag_ctxc),
+        binary().filter(lambda x: not x.startswith(EOC)),
+    )
+    def test_ber_expl_no_eoc(self, expl, junk):
+        encoded = expl + LENINDEF + Boolean(False).encode()
+        with self.assertRaises(LenIndefForm):
+            Boolean(expl=expl).decode(encoded + junk)
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "no EOC"):
+            Boolean(expl=expl).decode(encoded + junk, ctx={"bered": True})
+        obj, tail = Boolean(expl=expl).decode(
+            encoded + EOC + junk,
+            ctx={"bered": True},
+        )
+        self.assertTrue(obj.expl_lenindef)
+        self.assertFalse(obj.lenindef)
+        self.assertFalse(obj.ber_encoded)
+        self.assertTrue(obj.bered)
+        obj = copy(obj)
+        self.assertTrue(obj.expl_lenindef)
+        self.assertFalse(obj.lenindef)
+        self.assertFalse(obj.ber_encoded)
+        self.assertTrue(obj.bered)
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(tail, junk)
+        repr(obj)
+        list(obj.pps())
+        pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
+
+    @given(
+        integers(min_value=1).map(tag_ctxc),
+        lists(
+            booleans(),
+            min_size=1,
+            max_size=5,
+        ),
+    )
+    def test_ber_expl(self, expl, values):
+        encoded = b""
+        for value in values:
+            encoded += (
+                expl +
+                LENINDEF +
+                Boolean(value).encode() +
+                EOC
+            )
+        encoded = SequenceOf.tag_default + len_encode(len(encoded)) + encoded
+
+        class SeqOf(SequenceOf):
+            schema = Boolean(expl=expl)
+        with self.assertRaises(LenIndefForm):
+            SeqOf().decode(encoded)
+        seqof, tail = SeqOf().decode(encoded, ctx={"bered": True})
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(tail, b"")
+        self.assertSequenceEqual([bool(v) for v in seqof], values)
+        self.assertSetEqual(
+            set(
+                (
+                    v.tlvlen,
+                    v.expl_tlvlen,
+                    v.expl_tlen,
+                    v.expl_llen,
+                    v.ber_encoded,
+                    v.lenindef,
+                    v.expl_lenindef,
+                    v.bered,
+                ) for v in seqof
+            ),
+            set(((
+                3 + EOC_LEN,
+                len(expl) + 1 + 3 + EOC_LEN,
+                len(expl),
+                1,
+                False,
+                False,
+                True,
+                True,
+            ),)),
+        )
+        repr(seqof)
+        list(seqof.pps())
+        pprint(seqof, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
 
 
 @composite
 
 
 @composite
@@ -665,17 +824,19 @@ class TestInteger(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         obj = Integer()
         self.assertFalse(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
         obj = Integer()
         self.assertFalse(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
-        pprint(obj)
+        list(obj.pps())
+        pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
         with self.assertRaises(ObjNotReady) as err:
             obj.encode()
         repr(err.exception)
         obj = Integer(value)
         self.assertTrue(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
         with self.assertRaises(ObjNotReady) as err:
             obj.encode()
         repr(err.exception)
         obj = Integer(value)
         self.assertTrue(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
-        pprint(obj)
+        list(obj.pps())
+        pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
         hash(obj)
 
         hash(obj)
 
-    @given(integers(), integers(), binary(), binary())
+    @given(integers(), integers(), binary(min_size=1), binary(min_size=1))
     def test_comparison(self, value1, value2, tag1, tag2):
         for klass in (Integer, IntegerInherited):
             obj1 = klass(value1)
     def test_comparison(self, value1, value2, tag1, tag2):
         for klass in (Integer, IntegerInherited):
             obj1 = klass(value1)
@@ -724,9 +885,19 @@ class TestInteger(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         with self.assertRaises(BoundsError) as err:
             Integer(value=values[0], bounds=(values[1], values[2]))
         repr(err.exception)
         with self.assertRaises(BoundsError) as err:
             Integer(value=values[0], bounds=(values[1], values[2]))
         repr(err.exception)
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "bounds") as err:
+            Integer(bounds=(values[1], values[2])).decode(
+                Integer(values[0]).encode()
+            )
+        repr(err.exception)
         with self.assertRaises(BoundsError) as err:
             Integer(value=values[2], bounds=(values[0], values[1]))
         repr(err.exception)
         with self.assertRaises(BoundsError) as err:
             Integer(value=values[2], bounds=(values[0], values[1]))
         repr(err.exception)
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "bounds") as err:
+            Integer(bounds=(values[0], values[1])).decode(
+                Integer(values[2]).encode()
+            )
+        repr(err.exception)
 
     @given(data_strategy())
     def test_call(self, d):
 
     @given(data_strategy())
     def test_call(self, d):
@@ -810,12 +981,13 @@ class TestInteger(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     def test_copy(self, values):
         for klass in (Integer, IntegerInherited):
             obj = klass(*values)
     def test_copy(self, values):
         for klass in (Integer, IntegerInherited):
             obj = klass(*values)
-            obj_copied = obj.copy()
-            self.assert_copied_basic_fields(obj, obj_copied)
-            self.assertEqual(obj.specs, obj_copied.specs)
-            self.assertEqual(obj._bound_min, obj_copied._bound_min)
-            self.assertEqual(obj._bound_max, obj_copied._bound_max)
-            self.assertEqual(obj._value, obj_copied._value)
+            for copy_func in copy_funcs:
+                obj_copied = copy_func(obj)
+                self.assert_copied_basic_fields(obj, obj_copied)
+                self.assertEqual(obj.specs, obj_copied.specs)
+                self.assertEqual(obj._bound_min, obj_copied._bound_min)
+                self.assertEqual(obj._bound_max, obj_copied._bound_max)
+                self.assertEqual(obj._value, obj_copied._value)
 
     @given(
         integers(),
 
     @given(
         integers(),
@@ -845,10 +1017,9 @@ class TestInteger(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=31),
         integers(min_value=0),
     @given(
         integers(min_value=31),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_tag(self, tag, offset, decode_path):
     )
     def test_bad_tag(self, tag, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             Integer().decode(
                 tag_encode(tag)[:-1],
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             Integer().decode(
                 tag_encode(tag)[:-1],
@@ -862,10 +1033,9 @@ class TestInteger(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=128),
         integers(min_value=0),
     @given(
         integers(min_value=128),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_len(self, l, offset, decode_path):
     )
     def test_bad_len(self, l, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             Integer().decode(
                 Integer.tag_default + len_encode(l)[:-1],
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             Integer().decode(
                 Integer.tag_default + len_encode(l)[:-1],
@@ -879,10 +1049,9 @@ class TestInteger(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(
         sets(integers(), min_size=2, max_size=2),
         integers(min_value=0),
     @given(
         sets(integers(), min_size=2, max_size=2),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_invalid_bounds_while_decoding(self, ints, offset, decode_path):
     )
     def test_invalid_bounds_while_decoding(self, ints, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         value, bound_min = list(sorted(ints))
 
         class Int(Integer):
         value, bound_min = list(sorted(ints))
 
         class Int(Integer):
@@ -903,8 +1072,9 @@ class TestInteger(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         integers(),
         integers(min_value=1).map(tag_ctxc),
         integers(min_value=0),
         integers(),
         integers(min_value=1).map(tag_ctxc),
         integers(min_value=0),
+        binary(max_size=5),
     )
     )
-    def test_symmetric(self, values, value, tag_expl, offset):
+    def test_symmetric(self, values, value, tag_expl, offset, tail_junk):
         for klass in (Integer, IntegerInherited):
             _, _, _, _, default, optional, _, _decoded = values
             obj = klass(
         for klass in (Integer, IntegerInherited):
             _, _, _, _, default, optional, _, _decoded = values
             obj = klass(
@@ -914,18 +1084,27 @@ class TestInteger(CommonMixin, TestCase):
                 _decoded=_decoded,
             )
             repr(obj)
                 _decoded=_decoded,
             )
             repr(obj)
-            pprint(obj)
+            list(obj.pps())
+            pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
             self.assertFalse(obj.expled)
             obj_encoded = obj.encode()
             obj_expled = obj(value, expl=tag_expl)
             self.assertTrue(obj_expled.expled)
             repr(obj_expled)
             self.assertFalse(obj.expled)
             obj_encoded = obj.encode()
             obj_expled = obj(value, expl=tag_expl)
             self.assertTrue(obj_expled.expled)
             repr(obj_expled)
-            pprint(obj_expled)
+            list(obj_expled.pps())
+            pprint(obj_expled, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
             obj_expled_encoded = obj_expled.encode()
             obj_expled_encoded = obj_expled.encode()
-            obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(obj_expled_encoded, offset=offset)
+            ctx_copied = deepcopy(ctx_dummy)
+            obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(
+                obj_expled_encoded + tail_junk,
+                offset=offset,
+                ctx=ctx_copied,
+            )
+            self.assertDictEqual(ctx_copied, ctx_dummy)
             repr(obj_decoded)
             repr(obj_decoded)
-            pprint(obj_decoded)
-            self.assertEqual(tail, b"")
+            list(obj_decoded.pps())
+            pprint(obj_decoded, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
+            self.assertEqual(tail, tail_junk)
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded, obj_expled)
             self.assertNotEqual(obj_decoded, obj)
             self.assertEqual(int(obj_decoded), int(obj_expled))
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded, obj_expled)
             self.assertNotEqual(obj_decoded, obj)
             self.assertEqual(int(obj_decoded), int(obj_expled))
@@ -944,6 +1123,11 @@ class TestInteger(CommonMixin, TestCase):
                 offset + obj_decoded.expl_tlen + obj_decoded.expl_llen,
             )
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.expl_offset, offset)
                 offset + obj_decoded.expl_tlen + obj_decoded.expl_llen,
             )
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.expl_offset, offset)
+            assert_exceeding_data(
+                self,
+                lambda: obj_expled.decod(obj_expled_encoded + tail_junk),
+                tail_junk,
+            )
 
     def test_go_vectors_valid(self):
         for data, expect in ((
 
     def test_go_vectors_valid(self):
         for data, expect in ((
@@ -998,7 +1182,7 @@ def bit_string_values_strategy(draw, schema=None, value_required=False, do_expl=
 
     def _value(value_required):
         if not value_required and draw(booleans()):
 
     def _value(value_required):
         if not value_required and draw(booleans()):
-            return
+            return None
         generation_choice = 0
         if value_required:
             generation_choice = draw(sampled_from((1, 2, 3)))
         generation_choice = 0
         if value_required:
             generation_choice = draw(sampled_from((1, 2, 3)))
@@ -1007,9 +1191,9 @@ def bit_string_values_strategy(draw, schema=None, value_required=False, do_expl=
                 sampled_from(("0", "1")),
                 max_size=len(schema),
             )))
                 sampled_from(("0", "1")),
                 max_size=len(schema),
             )))
-        elif generation_choice == 2 or draw(booleans()):
+        if generation_choice == 2 or draw(booleans()):
             return draw(binary(max_size=len(schema) // 8))
             return draw(binary(max_size=len(schema) // 8))
-        elif generation_choice == 3 or draw(booleans()):
+        if generation_choice == 3 or draw(booleans()):
             return tuple(draw(lists(sampled_from([name for name, _ in schema]))))
         return None
     value = _value(value_required)
             return tuple(draw(lists(sampled_from([name for name, _ in schema]))))
         return None
     value = _value(value_required)
@@ -1115,20 +1299,22 @@ class TestBitString(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         obj = BitString()
         self.assertFalse(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
         obj = BitString()
         self.assertFalse(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
-        pprint(obj)
+        list(obj.pps())
+        pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
         with self.assertRaises(ObjNotReady) as err:
             obj.encode()
         repr(err.exception)
         obj = BitString(value)
         self.assertTrue(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
         with self.assertRaises(ObjNotReady) as err:
             obj.encode()
         repr(err.exception)
         obj = BitString(value)
         self.assertTrue(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
-        pprint(obj)
+        list(obj.pps())
+        pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
 
     @given(
         tuples(integers(min_value=0), binary()),
         tuples(integers(min_value=0), binary()),
 
     @given(
         tuples(integers(min_value=0), binary()),
         tuples(integers(min_value=0), binary()),
-        binary(),
-        binary(),
+        binary(min_size=1),
+        binary(min_size=1),
     )
     def test_comparison(self, value1, value2, tag1, tag2):
         for klass in (BitString, BitStringInherited):
     )
     def test_comparison(self, value1, value2, tag1, tag2):
         for klass in (BitString, BitStringInherited):
@@ -1201,6 +1387,7 @@ class TestBitString(CommonMixin, TestCase):
 
             class BS(klass):
                 schema = _schema
 
             class BS(klass):
                 schema = _schema
+            register_class(BS)
             obj = BS(
                 value=value,
                 impl=impl,
             obj = BS(
                 value=value,
                 impl=impl,
@@ -1209,10 +1396,11 @@ class TestBitString(CommonMixin, TestCase):
                 optional=optional or False,
                 _decoded=_decoded,
             )
                 optional=optional or False,
                 _decoded=_decoded,
             )
-            obj_copied = obj.copy()
-            self.assert_copied_basic_fields(obj, obj_copied)
-            self.assertEqual(obj.specs, obj_copied.specs)
-            self.assertEqual(obj._value, obj_copied._value)
+            for copy_func in copy_funcs:
+                obj_copied = copy_func(obj)
+                self.assert_copied_basic_fields(obj, obj_copied)
+                self.assertEqual(obj.specs, obj_copied.specs)
+                self.assertEqual(obj._value, obj_copied._value)
 
     @given(
         binary(),
 
     @given(
         binary(),
@@ -1235,10 +1423,9 @@ class TestBitString(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=31),
         integers(min_value=0),
     @given(
         integers(min_value=31),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_tag(self, tag, offset, decode_path):
     )
     def test_bad_tag(self, tag, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             BitString().decode(
                 tag_encode(tag)[:-1],
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             BitString().decode(
                 tag_encode(tag)[:-1],
@@ -1252,10 +1439,9 @@ class TestBitString(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=128),
         integers(min_value=0),
     @given(
         integers(min_value=128),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_len(self, l, offset, decode_path):
     )
     def test_bad_len(self, l, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             BitString().decode(
                 BitString.tag_default + len_encode(l)[:-1],
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             BitString().decode(
                 BitString.tag_default + len_encode(l)[:-1],
@@ -1278,6 +1464,7 @@ class TestBitString(CommonMixin, TestCase):
             optional,
             _decoded,
         ) = d.draw(bit_string_values_strategy(value_required=True))
             optional,
             _decoded,
         ) = d.draw(bit_string_values_strategy(value_required=True))
+        tail_junk = d.draw(binary(max_size=5))
         tag_expl = tag_ctxc(d.draw(integers(min_value=1)))
         offset = d.draw(integers(min_value=0))
         for klass in (BitString, BitStringInherited):
         tag_expl = tag_ctxc(d.draw(integers(min_value=1)))
         offset = d.draw(integers(min_value=0))
         for klass in (BitString, BitStringInherited):
@@ -1290,18 +1477,27 @@ class TestBitString(CommonMixin, TestCase):
                 _decoded=_decoded,
             )
             repr(obj)
                 _decoded=_decoded,
             )
             repr(obj)
-            pprint(obj)
+            list(obj.pps())
+            pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
             self.assertFalse(obj.expled)
             obj_encoded = obj.encode()
             obj_expled = obj(value, expl=tag_expl)
             self.assertTrue(obj_expled.expled)
             repr(obj_expled)
             self.assertFalse(obj.expled)
             obj_encoded = obj.encode()
             obj_expled = obj(value, expl=tag_expl)
             self.assertTrue(obj_expled.expled)
             repr(obj_expled)
-            pprint(obj_expled)
+            list(obj_expled.pps())
+            pprint(obj_expled, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
             obj_expled_encoded = obj_expled.encode()
             obj_expled_encoded = obj_expled.encode()
-            obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(obj_expled_encoded, offset=offset)
+            ctx_copied = deepcopy(ctx_dummy)
+            obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(
+                obj_expled_encoded + tail_junk,
+                offset=offset,
+                ctx=ctx_copied,
+            )
+            self.assertDictEqual(ctx_copied, ctx_dummy)
             repr(obj_decoded)
             repr(obj_decoded)
-            pprint(obj_decoded)
-            self.assertEqual(tail, b"")
+            list(obj_decoded.pps())
+            pprint(obj_decoded, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
+            self.assertEqual(tail, tail_junk)
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded, obj_expled)
             self.assertNotEqual(obj_decoded, obj)
             self.assertEqual(bytes(obj_decoded), bytes(obj_expled))
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded, obj_expled)
             self.assertNotEqual(obj_decoded, obj)
             self.assertEqual(bytes(obj_decoded), bytes(obj_expled))
@@ -1324,6 +1520,11 @@ class TestBitString(CommonMixin, TestCase):
                 self.assertSetEqual(set(value), set(obj_decoded.named))
                 for name in value:
                     obj_decoded[name]
                 self.assertSetEqual(set(value), set(obj_decoded.named))
                 for name in value:
                     obj_decoded[name]
+            assert_exceeding_data(
+                self,
+                lambda: obj_expled.decod(obj_expled_encoded + tail_junk),
+                tail_junk,
+            )
 
     @given(integers(min_value=1, max_value=255))
     def test_bad_zero_value(self, pad_size):
 
     @given(integers(min_value=1, max_value=255))
     def test_bad_zero_value(self, pad_size):
@@ -1371,6 +1572,222 @@ class TestBitString(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(obj[9])
         self.assertFalse(obj[17])
 
         self.assertTrue(obj[9])
         self.assertFalse(obj[17])
 
+    @given(
+        integers(min_value=1, max_value=30),
+        lists(
+            one_of(
+                binary(min_size=1, max_size=5),
+                lists(
+                    binary(min_size=1, max_size=5),
+                    min_size=1,
+                    max_size=3,
+                ),
+            ),
+            min_size=0,
+            max_size=3,
+        ),
+        lists(booleans(), min_size=1),
+        binary(),
+    )
+    def test_constructed(self, impl, chunk_inputs, chunk_last_bits, junk):
+        def chunk_constructed(contents):
+            return (
+                tag_encode(form=TagFormConstructed, num=3) +
+                LENINDEF +
+                b"".join(BitString(content).encode() for content in contents) +
+                EOC
+            )
+        chunks = []
+        payload_expected = b""
+        bit_len_expected = 0
+        for chunk_input in chunk_inputs:
+            if isinstance(chunk_input, binary_type):
+                chunks.append(BitString(chunk_input).encode())
+                payload_expected += chunk_input
+                bit_len_expected += len(chunk_input) * 8
+            else:
+                chunks.append(chunk_constructed(chunk_input))
+                payload = b"".join(chunk_input)
+                payload_expected += payload
+                bit_len_expected += len(payload) * 8
+        chunk_last = BitString("'%s'B" % "".join(
+            "1" if bit else "0" for bit in chunk_last_bits
+        ))
+        payload_expected += bytes(chunk_last)
+        bit_len_expected += chunk_last.bit_len
+        encoded_indefinite = (
+            tag_encode(form=TagFormConstructed, num=impl) +
+            LENINDEF +
+            b"".join(chunks) +
+            chunk_last.encode() +
+            EOC
+        )
+        encoded_definite = (
+            tag_encode(form=TagFormConstructed, num=impl) +
+            len_encode(len(b"".join(chunks) + chunk_last.encode())) +
+            b"".join(chunks) +
+            chunk_last.encode()
+        )
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "unallowed BER"):
+            BitString(impl=tag_encode(impl)).decode(encoded_indefinite)
+        for lenindef_expected, encoded in (
+                (True, encoded_indefinite),
+                (False, encoded_definite),
+        ):
+            obj, tail = BitString(impl=tag_encode(impl)).decode(
+                encoded + junk,
+                ctx={"bered": True},
+            )
+            self.assertSequenceEqual(tail, junk)
+            self.assertEqual(obj.bit_len, bit_len_expected)
+            self.assertSequenceEqual(bytes(obj), payload_expected)
+            self.assertTrue(obj.ber_encoded)
+            self.assertEqual(obj.lenindef, lenindef_expected)
+            self.assertTrue(obj.bered)
+            obj = copy(obj)
+            self.assertTrue(obj.ber_encoded)
+            self.assertEqual(obj.lenindef, lenindef_expected)
+            self.assertTrue(obj.bered)
+            self.assertEqual(len(encoded), obj.tlvlen)
+            repr(obj)
+            list(obj.pps())
+            pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
+
+    @given(
+        integers(min_value=0),
+        decode_path_strat,
+    )
+    def test_ber_definite_too_short(self, offset, decode_path):
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "longer than data") as err:
+            BitString().decode(
+                tag_encode(3, form=TagFormConstructed) + len_encode(1),
+                offset=offset,
+                decode_path=decode_path,
+                ctx={"bered": True},
+            )
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.decode_path, decode_path)
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.offset, offset)
+
+    @given(
+        integers(min_value=0),
+        decode_path_strat,
+    )
+    def test_ber_definite_no_data(self, offset, decode_path):
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "zero length") as err:
+            BitString().decode(
+                tag_encode(3, form=TagFormConstructed) + len_encode(0),
+                offset=offset,
+                decode_path=decode_path,
+                ctx={"bered": True},
+            )
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.decode_path, decode_path)
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.offset, offset)
+
+    @given(
+        integers(min_value=0),
+        decode_path_strat,
+        integers(min_value=1, max_value=3),
+    )
+    def test_ber_indefinite_no_eoc(self, offset, decode_path, chunks):
+        bs = BitString(b"data").encode()
+        with self.assertRaises(NotEnoughData) as err:
+            BitString().decode(
+                tag_encode(3, form=TagFormConstructed) + LENINDEF + chunks * bs,
+                offset=offset,
+                decode_path=decode_path,
+                ctx={"bered": True},
+            )
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.decode_path, decode_path + (str(chunks),))
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.offset, offset + 1 + 1 + chunks * len(bs))
+
+    @given(
+        integers(min_value=0),
+        decode_path_strat,
+        integers(min_value=1, max_value=3),
+    )
+    def test_ber_definite_chunk_out_of_bounds(self, offset, decode_path, chunks):
+        bs = BitString(b"data").encode()
+        bs_longer = BitString(b"data-longer").encode()
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "chunk out of bounds") as err:
+            BitString().decode(
+                (
+                    tag_encode(3, form=TagFormConstructed) +
+                    len_encode((chunks + 1) * len(bs)) +
+                    chunks * bs +
+                    bs_longer
+                ),
+                offset=offset,
+                decode_path=decode_path,
+                ctx={"bered": True},
+            )
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.decode_path, decode_path + (str(chunks),))
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.offset, offset + 1 + 1 + chunks * len(bs))
+
+    @given(
+        integers(min_value=0),
+        decode_path_strat,
+    )
+    def test_ber_indefinite_no_chunks(self, offset, decode_path):
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "no chunks") as err:
+            BitString().decode(
+                tag_encode(3, form=TagFormConstructed) + LENINDEF + EOC,
+                offset=offset,
+                decode_path=decode_path,
+                ctx={"bered": True},
+            )
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.decode_path, decode_path)
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.offset, offset)
+
+    @given(data_strategy())
+    def test_ber_indefinite_not_multiple(self, d):
+        bs_short = BitString("'A'H").encode()
+        bs_full = BitString("'AA'H").encode()
+        chunks = [bs_full for _ in range(d.draw(integers(min_value=0, max_value=3)))]
+        chunks.append(bs_short)
+        d.draw(permutations(chunks))
+        chunks.append(bs_short)
+        offset = d.draw(integers(min_value=0))
+        decode_path = d.draw(decode_path_strat)
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "multiple of 8 bits") as err:
+            BitString().decode(
+                (
+                    tag_encode(3, form=TagFormConstructed) +
+                    LENINDEF +
+                    b"".join(chunks) +
+                    EOC
+                ),
+                offset=offset,
+                decode_path=decode_path,
+                ctx={"bered": True},
+            )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            err.exception.decode_path,
+            decode_path + (str(chunks.index(bs_short)),),
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(
+            err.exception.offset,
+            offset + 1 + 1 + chunks.index(bs_short) * len(bs_full),
+        )
+
+    def test_x690_vector(self):
+        vector = BitString("'0A3B5F291CD'H")
+        obj, tail = BitString().decode(hexdec("0307040A3B5F291CD0"))
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(tail, b"")
+        self.assertEqual(obj, vector)
+        obj, tail = BitString().decode(
+            hexdec("23800303000A3B0305045F291CD00000"),
+            ctx={"bered": True},
+        )
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(tail, b"")
+        self.assertEqual(obj, vector)
+        self.assertTrue(obj.ber_encoded)
+        self.assertTrue(obj.lenindef)
+        self.assertTrue(obj.bered)
+        obj = copy(obj)
+        self.assertTrue(obj.ber_encoded)
+        self.assertTrue(obj.lenindef)
+        self.assertTrue(obj.bered)
+
 
 @composite
 def octet_string_values_strategy(draw, do_expl=False):
 
 @composite
 def octet_string_values_strategy(draw, do_expl=False):
@@ -1427,16 +1844,18 @@ class TestOctetString(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         obj = OctetString()
         self.assertFalse(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
         obj = OctetString()
         self.assertFalse(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
-        pprint(obj)
+        list(obj.pps())
+        pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
         with self.assertRaises(ObjNotReady) as err:
             obj.encode()
         repr(err.exception)
         obj = OctetString(value)
         self.assertTrue(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
         with self.assertRaises(ObjNotReady) as err:
             obj.encode()
         repr(err.exception)
         obj = OctetString(value)
         self.assertTrue(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
-        pprint(obj)
+        list(obj.pps())
+        pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
 
 
-    @given(binary(), binary(), binary(), binary())
+    @given(binary(), binary(), binary(min_size=1), binary(min_size=1))
     def test_comparison(self, value1, value2, tag1, tag2):
         for klass in (OctetString, OctetStringInherited):
             obj1 = klass(value1)
     def test_comparison(self, value1, value2, tag1, tag2):
         for klass in (OctetString, OctetStringInherited):
             obj1 = klass(value1)
@@ -1471,10 +1890,20 @@ class TestOctetString(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         with self.assertRaises(BoundsError) as err:
             OctetString(value=value, bounds=(bound_min, bound_max))
         repr(err.exception)
         with self.assertRaises(BoundsError) as err:
             OctetString(value=value, bounds=(bound_min, bound_max))
         repr(err.exception)
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "bounds") as err:
+            OctetString(bounds=(bound_min, bound_max)).decode(
+                OctetString(value).encode()
+            )
+        repr(err.exception)
         value = d.draw(binary(min_size=bound_max + 1))
         with self.assertRaises(BoundsError) as err:
             OctetString(value=value, bounds=(bound_min, bound_max))
         repr(err.exception)
         value = d.draw(binary(min_size=bound_max + 1))
         with self.assertRaises(BoundsError) as err:
             OctetString(value=value, bounds=(bound_min, bound_max))
         repr(err.exception)
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "bounds") as err:
+            OctetString(bounds=(bound_min, bound_max)).decode(
+                OctetString(value).encode()
+            )
+        repr(err.exception)
 
     @given(data_strategy())
     def test_call(self, d):
 
     @given(data_strategy())
     def test_call(self, d):
@@ -1551,11 +1980,12 @@ class TestOctetString(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     def test_copy(self, values):
         for klass in (OctetString, OctetStringInherited):
             obj = klass(*values)
     def test_copy(self, values):
         for klass in (OctetString, OctetStringInherited):
             obj = klass(*values)
-            obj_copied = obj.copy()
-            self.assert_copied_basic_fields(obj, obj_copied)
-            self.assertEqual(obj._bound_min, obj_copied._bound_min)
-            self.assertEqual(obj._bound_max, obj_copied._bound_max)
-            self.assertEqual(obj._value, obj_copied._value)
+            for copy_func in copy_funcs:
+                obj_copied = copy_func(obj)
+                self.assert_copied_basic_fields(obj, obj_copied)
+                self.assertEqual(obj._bound_min, obj_copied._bound_min)
+                self.assertEqual(obj._bound_max, obj_copied._bound_max)
+                self.assertEqual(obj._value, obj_copied._value)
 
     @given(
         binary(),
 
     @given(
         binary(),
@@ -1578,10 +2008,9 @@ class TestOctetString(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=31),
         integers(min_value=0),
     @given(
         integers(min_value=31),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_tag(self, tag, offset, decode_path):
     )
     def test_bad_tag(self, tag, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             OctetString().decode(
                 tag_encode(tag)[:-1],
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             OctetString().decode(
                 tag_encode(tag)[:-1],
@@ -1595,10 +2024,9 @@ class TestOctetString(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=128),
         integers(min_value=0),
     @given(
         integers(min_value=128),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_len(self, l, offset, decode_path):
     )
     def test_bad_len(self, l, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             OctetString().decode(
                 OctetString.tag_default + len_encode(l)[:-1],
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             OctetString().decode(
                 OctetString.tag_default + len_encode(l)[:-1],
@@ -1612,10 +2040,9 @@ class TestOctetString(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(
         sets(integers(min_value=0, max_value=10), min_size=2, max_size=2),
         integers(min_value=0),
     @given(
         sets(integers(min_value=0, max_value=10), min_size=2, max_size=2),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_invalid_bounds_while_decoding(self, ints, offset, decode_path):
     )
     def test_invalid_bounds_while_decoding(self, ints, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         value, bound_min = list(sorted(ints))
 
         class String(OctetString):
         value, bound_min = list(sorted(ints))
 
         class String(OctetString):
@@ -1636,8 +2063,9 @@ class TestOctetString(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         binary(),
         integers(min_value=1).map(tag_ctxc),
         integers(min_value=0),
         binary(),
         integers(min_value=1).map(tag_ctxc),
         integers(min_value=0),
+        binary(max_size=5),
     )
     )
-    def test_symmetric(self, values, value, tag_expl, offset):
+    def test_symmetric(self, values, value, tag_expl, offset, tail_junk):
         for klass in (OctetString, OctetStringInherited):
             _, _, _, _, default, optional, _decoded = values
             obj = klass(
         for klass in (OctetString, OctetStringInherited):
             _, _, _, _, default, optional, _decoded = values
             obj = klass(
@@ -1647,18 +2075,27 @@ class TestOctetString(CommonMixin, TestCase):
                 _decoded=_decoded,
             )
             repr(obj)
                 _decoded=_decoded,
             )
             repr(obj)
-            pprint(obj)
+            list(obj.pps())
+            pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
             self.assertFalse(obj.expled)
             obj_encoded = obj.encode()
             obj_expled = obj(value, expl=tag_expl)
             self.assertTrue(obj_expled.expled)
             repr(obj_expled)
             self.assertFalse(obj.expled)
             obj_encoded = obj.encode()
             obj_expled = obj(value, expl=tag_expl)
             self.assertTrue(obj_expled.expled)
             repr(obj_expled)
-            pprint(obj_expled)
+            list(obj_expled.pps())
+            pprint(obj_expled, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
             obj_expled_encoded = obj_expled.encode()
             obj_expled_encoded = obj_expled.encode()
-            obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(obj_expled_encoded, offset=offset)
+            ctx_copied = deepcopy(ctx_dummy)
+            obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(
+                obj_expled_encoded + tail_junk,
+                offset=offset,
+                ctx=ctx_copied,
+            )
+            self.assertDictEqual(ctx_copied, ctx_dummy)
             repr(obj_decoded)
             repr(obj_decoded)
-            pprint(obj_decoded)
-            self.assertEqual(tail, b"")
+            list(obj_decoded.pps())
+            pprint(obj_decoded, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
+            self.assertEqual(tail, tail_junk)
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded, obj_expled)
             self.assertNotEqual(obj_decoded, obj)
             self.assertEqual(bytes(obj_decoded), bytes(obj_expled))
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded, obj_expled)
             self.assertNotEqual(obj_decoded, obj)
             self.assertEqual(bytes(obj_decoded), bytes(obj_expled))
@@ -1677,6 +2114,135 @@ class TestOctetString(CommonMixin, TestCase):
                 offset + obj_decoded.expl_tlen + obj_decoded.expl_llen,
             )
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.expl_offset, offset)
                 offset + obj_decoded.expl_tlen + obj_decoded.expl_llen,
             )
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.expl_offset, offset)
+            assert_exceeding_data(
+                self,
+                lambda: obj_expled.decod(obj_expled_encoded + tail_junk),
+                tail_junk,
+            )
+
+    @given(
+        integers(min_value=1, max_value=30),
+        lists(
+            one_of(
+                binary(min_size=1, max_size=5),
+                lists(
+                    binary(min_size=1, max_size=5),
+                    min_size=1,
+                    max_size=3,
+                ),
+            ),
+            min_size=1,
+            max_size=3,
+        ),
+        binary(),
+    )
+    def test_constructed(self, impl, chunk_inputs, junk):
+        def chunk_constructed(contents):
+            return (
+                tag_encode(form=TagFormConstructed, num=4) +
+                LENINDEF +
+                b"".join(OctetString(content).encode() for content in contents) +
+                EOC
+            )
+        chunks = []
+        payload_expected = b""
+        for chunk_input in chunk_inputs:
+            if isinstance(chunk_input, binary_type):
+                chunks.append(OctetString(chunk_input).encode())
+                payload_expected += chunk_input
+            else:
+                chunks.append(chunk_constructed(chunk_input))
+                payload = b"".join(chunk_input)
+                payload_expected += payload
+        encoded_indefinite = (
+            tag_encode(form=TagFormConstructed, num=impl) +
+            LENINDEF +
+            b"".join(chunks) +
+            EOC
+        )
+        encoded_definite = (
+            tag_encode(form=TagFormConstructed, num=impl) +
+            len_encode(len(b"".join(chunks))) +
+            b"".join(chunks)
+        )
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "unallowed BER"):
+            OctetString(impl=tag_encode(impl)).decode(encoded_indefinite)
+        for lenindef_expected, encoded in (
+                (True, encoded_indefinite),
+                (False, encoded_definite),
+        ):
+            obj, tail = OctetString(impl=tag_encode(impl)).decode(
+                encoded + junk,
+                ctx={"bered": True},
+            )
+            self.assertSequenceEqual(tail, junk)
+            self.assertSequenceEqual(bytes(obj), payload_expected)
+            self.assertTrue(obj.ber_encoded)
+            self.assertEqual(obj.lenindef, lenindef_expected)
+            self.assertTrue(obj.bered)
+            obj = copy(obj)
+            self.assertTrue(obj.ber_encoded)
+            self.assertEqual(obj.lenindef, lenindef_expected)
+            self.assertTrue(obj.bered)
+            self.assertEqual(len(encoded), obj.tlvlen)
+            repr(obj)
+            list(obj.pps())
+            pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
+
+    @given(
+        integers(min_value=0),
+        decode_path_strat,
+    )
+    def test_ber_definite_too_short(self, offset, decode_path):
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "longer than data") as err:
+            OctetString().decode(
+                tag_encode(4, form=TagFormConstructed) + len_encode(1),
+                offset=offset,
+                decode_path=decode_path,
+                ctx={"bered": True},
+            )
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.decode_path, decode_path)
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.offset, offset)
+
+    @given(
+        integers(min_value=0),
+        decode_path_strat,
+        integers(min_value=1, max_value=3),
+    )
+    def test_ber_indefinite_no_eoc(self, offset, decode_path, chunks):
+        bs = OctetString(b"data").encode()
+        with self.assertRaises(NotEnoughData) as err:
+            OctetString().decode(
+                tag_encode(4, form=TagFormConstructed) + LENINDEF + chunks * bs,
+                offset=offset,
+                decode_path=decode_path,
+                ctx={"bered": True},
+            )
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.decode_path, decode_path + (str(chunks),))
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.offset, offset + 1 + 1 + chunks * len(bs))
+
+    @given(
+        integers(min_value=0),
+        decode_path_strat,
+        integers(min_value=1, max_value=3),
+    )
+    def test_ber_definite_chunk_out_of_bounds(self, offset, decode_path, chunks):
+        bs = OctetString(b"data").encode()
+        bs_longer = OctetString(b"data-longer").encode()
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "chunk out of bounds") as err:
+            OctetString().decode(
+                (
+                    tag_encode(4, form=TagFormConstructed) +
+                    len_encode((chunks + 1) * len(bs)) +
+                    chunks * bs +
+                    bs_longer
+                ),
+                offset=offset,
+                decode_path=decode_path,
+                ctx={"bered": True},
+            )
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.decode_path, decode_path + (str(chunks),))
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.offset, offset + 1 + 1 + chunks * len(bs))
 
 
 @composite
 
 
 @composite
@@ -1707,9 +2273,10 @@ class TestNull(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         obj = Null()
         self.assertTrue(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
         obj = Null()
         self.assertTrue(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
-        pprint(obj)
+        list(obj.pps())
+        pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
 
 
-    @given(binary(), binary())
+    @given(binary(min_size=1), binary(min_size=1))
     def test_comparison(self, tag1, tag2):
         for klass in (Null, NullInherited):
             obj1 = klass(impl=tag1)
     def test_comparison(self, tag1, tag2):
         for klass in (Null, NullInherited):
             obj1 = klass(impl=tag1)
@@ -1756,8 +2323,9 @@ class TestNull(CommonMixin, TestCase):
                 optional=optional or False,
                 _decoded=_decoded,
             )
                 optional=optional or False,
                 _decoded=_decoded,
             )
-            obj_copied = obj.copy()
-            self.assert_copied_basic_fields(obj, obj_copied)
+            for copy_func in copy_funcs:
+                obj_copied = copy_func(obj)
+                self.assert_copied_basic_fields(obj, obj_copied)
 
     @given(integers(min_value=1).map(tag_encode))
     def test_stripped(self, tag_impl):
 
     @given(integers(min_value=1).map(tag_encode))
     def test_stripped(self, tag_impl):
@@ -1774,10 +2342,9 @@ class TestNull(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=31),
         integers(min_value=0),
     @given(
         integers(min_value=31),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_tag(self, tag, offset, decode_path):
     )
     def test_bad_tag(self, tag, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             Null().decode(
                 tag_encode(tag)[:-1],
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             Null().decode(
                 tag_encode(tag)[:-1],
@@ -1791,10 +2358,9 @@ class TestNull(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=128),
         integers(min_value=0),
     @given(
         integers(min_value=128),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_len(self, l, offset, decode_path):
     )
     def test_bad_len(self, l, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             Null().decode(
                 Null.tag_default + len_encode(l)[:-1],
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             Null().decode(
                 Null.tag_default + len_encode(l)[:-1],
@@ -1815,24 +2381,34 @@ class TestNull(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         null_values_strategy(),
         integers(min_value=1).map(tag_ctxc),
         integers(min_value=0),
         null_values_strategy(),
         integers(min_value=1).map(tag_ctxc),
         integers(min_value=0),
+        binary(max_size=5),
     )
     )
-    def test_symmetric(self, values, tag_expl, offset):
+    def test_symmetric(self, values, tag_expl, offset, tail_junk):
         for klass in (Null, NullInherited):
             _, _, optional, _decoded = values
             obj = klass(optional=optional, _decoded=_decoded)
             repr(obj)
         for klass in (Null, NullInherited):
             _, _, optional, _decoded = values
             obj = klass(optional=optional, _decoded=_decoded)
             repr(obj)
-            pprint(obj)
+            list(obj.pps())
+            pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
             self.assertFalse(obj.expled)
             obj_encoded = obj.encode()
             obj_expled = obj(expl=tag_expl)
             self.assertTrue(obj_expled.expled)
             repr(obj_expled)
             self.assertFalse(obj.expled)
             obj_encoded = obj.encode()
             obj_expled = obj(expl=tag_expl)
             self.assertTrue(obj_expled.expled)
             repr(obj_expled)
-            pprint(obj_expled)
+            list(obj_expled.pps())
+            pprint(obj_expled, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
             obj_expled_encoded = obj_expled.encode()
             obj_expled_encoded = obj_expled.encode()
-            obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(obj_expled_encoded, offset=offset)
+            ctx_copied = deepcopy(ctx_dummy)
+            obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(
+                obj_expled_encoded + tail_junk,
+                offset=offset,
+                ctx=ctx_copied,
+            )
+            self.assertDictEqual(ctx_copied, ctx_dummy)
             repr(obj_decoded)
             repr(obj_decoded)
-            pprint(obj_decoded)
-            self.assertEqual(tail, b"")
+            list(obj_decoded.pps())
+            pprint(obj_decoded, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
+            self.assertEqual(tail, tail_junk)
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded, obj_expled)
             self.assertNotEqual(obj_decoded, obj)
             self.assertSequenceEqual(obj_decoded.encode(), obj_expled_encoded)
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded, obj_expled)
             self.assertNotEqual(obj_decoded, obj)
             self.assertSequenceEqual(obj_decoded.encode(), obj_expled_encoded)
@@ -1849,6 +2425,11 @@ class TestNull(CommonMixin, TestCase):
                 offset + obj_decoded.expl_tlen + obj_decoded.expl_llen,
             )
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.expl_offset, offset)
                 offset + obj_decoded.expl_tlen + obj_decoded.expl_llen,
             )
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.expl_offset, offset)
+            assert_exceeding_data(
+                self,
+                lambda: obj_expled.decod(obj_expled_encoded + tail_junk),
+                tail_junk,
+            )
 
     @given(integers(min_value=1))
     def test_invalid_len(self, l):
 
     @given(integers(min_value=1))
     def test_invalid_len(self, l):
@@ -1912,17 +2493,20 @@ class TestObjectIdentifier(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         obj = ObjectIdentifier()
         self.assertFalse(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
         obj = ObjectIdentifier()
         self.assertFalse(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
-        pprint(obj)
+        list(obj.pps())
+        pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
         with self.assertRaises(ObjNotReady) as err:
             obj.encode()
         repr(err.exception)
         obj = ObjectIdentifier(value)
         self.assertTrue(obj.ready)
         with self.assertRaises(ObjNotReady) as err:
             obj.encode()
         repr(err.exception)
         obj = ObjectIdentifier(value)
         self.assertTrue(obj.ready)
+        self.assertFalse(obj.ber_encoded)
         repr(obj)
         repr(obj)
-        pprint(obj)
+        list(obj.pps())
+        pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
         hash(obj)
 
         hash(obj)
 
-    @given(oid_strategy(), oid_strategy(), binary(), binary())
+    @given(oid_strategy(), oid_strategy(), binary(min_size=1), binary(min_size=1))
     def test_comparison(self, value1, value2, tag1, tag2):
         for klass in (ObjectIdentifier, ObjectIdentifierInherited):
             obj1 = klass(value1)
     def test_comparison(self, value1, value2, tag1, tag2):
         for klass in (ObjectIdentifier, ObjectIdentifierInherited):
             obj1 = klass(value1)
@@ -2016,9 +2600,10 @@ class TestObjectIdentifier(CommonMixin, TestCase):
                 optional=optional,
                 _decoded=_decoded,
             )
                 optional=optional,
                 _decoded=_decoded,
             )
-            obj_copied = obj.copy()
-            self.assert_copied_basic_fields(obj, obj_copied)
-            self.assertEqual(obj._value, obj_copied._value)
+            for copy_func in copy_funcs:
+                obj_copied = copy_func(obj)
+                self.assert_copied_basic_fields(obj, obj_copied)
+                self.assertEqual(obj._value, obj_copied._value)
 
     @settings(max_examples=LONG_TEST_MAX_EXAMPLES)
     @given(
 
     @settings(max_examples=LONG_TEST_MAX_EXAMPLES)
     @given(
@@ -2042,10 +2627,9 @@ class TestObjectIdentifier(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=31),
         integers(min_value=0),
     @given(
         integers(min_value=31),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_tag(self, tag, offset, decode_path):
     )
     def test_bad_tag(self, tag, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             ObjectIdentifier().decode(
                 tag_encode(tag)[:-1],
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             ObjectIdentifier().decode(
                 tag_encode(tag)[:-1],
@@ -2059,10 +2643,9 @@ class TestObjectIdentifier(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=128),
         integers(min_value=0),
     @given(
         integers(min_value=128),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_len(self, l, offset, decode_path):
     )
     def test_bad_len(self, l, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             ObjectIdentifier().decode(
                 ObjectIdentifier.tag_default + len_encode(l)[:-1],
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             ObjectIdentifier().decode(
                 ObjectIdentifier.tag_default + len_encode(l)[:-1],
@@ -2127,7 +2710,7 @@ class TestObjectIdentifier(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(obj, ObjectIdentifier(".".join(str(arc) for arc in oid)))
         str(obj)
         repr(obj)
         self.assertEqual(obj, ObjectIdentifier(".".join(str(arc) for arc in oid)))
         str(obj)
         repr(obj)
-        pprint(obj)
+        pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
 
     @settings(max_examples=LONG_TEST_MAX_EXAMPLES)
     @given(
 
     @settings(max_examples=LONG_TEST_MAX_EXAMPLES)
     @given(
@@ -2135,8 +2718,9 @@ class TestObjectIdentifier(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         oid_strategy(),
         integers(min_value=1).map(tag_ctxc),
         integers(min_value=0),
         oid_strategy(),
         integers(min_value=1).map(tag_ctxc),
         integers(min_value=0),
+        binary(max_size=5),
     )
     )
-    def test_symmetric(self, values, value, tag_expl, offset):
+    def test_symmetric(self, values, value, tag_expl, offset, tail_junk):
         for klass in (ObjectIdentifier, ObjectIdentifierInherited):
             _, _, _, default, optional, _decoded = values
             obj = klass(
         for klass in (ObjectIdentifier, ObjectIdentifierInherited):
             _, _, _, default, optional, _decoded = values
             obj = klass(
@@ -2146,18 +2730,27 @@ class TestObjectIdentifier(CommonMixin, TestCase):
                 _decoded=_decoded,
             )
             repr(obj)
                 _decoded=_decoded,
             )
             repr(obj)
-            pprint(obj)
+            list(obj.pps())
+            pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
             self.assertFalse(obj.expled)
             obj_encoded = obj.encode()
             obj_expled = obj(value, expl=tag_expl)
             self.assertTrue(obj_expled.expled)
             repr(obj_expled)
             self.assertFalse(obj.expled)
             obj_encoded = obj.encode()
             obj_expled = obj(value, expl=tag_expl)
             self.assertTrue(obj_expled.expled)
             repr(obj_expled)
-            pprint(obj_expled)
+            list(obj_expled.pps())
+            pprint(obj_expled, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
             obj_expled_encoded = obj_expled.encode()
             obj_expled_encoded = obj_expled.encode()
-            obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(obj_expled_encoded, offset=offset)
+            ctx_copied = deepcopy(ctx_dummy)
+            obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(
+                obj_expled_encoded + tail_junk,
+                offset=offset,
+                ctx=ctx_copied,
+            )
+            self.assertDictEqual(ctx_copied, ctx_dummy)
             repr(obj_decoded)
             repr(obj_decoded)
-            pprint(obj_decoded)
-            self.assertEqual(tail, b"")
+            list(obj_decoded.pps())
+            pprint(obj_decoded, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
+            self.assertEqual(tail, tail_junk)
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded, obj_expled)
             self.assertNotEqual(obj_decoded, obj)
             self.assertEqual(tuple(obj_decoded), tuple(obj_expled))
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded, obj_expled)
             self.assertNotEqual(obj_decoded, obj)
             self.assertEqual(tuple(obj_decoded), tuple(obj_expled))
@@ -2176,6 +2769,11 @@ class TestObjectIdentifier(CommonMixin, TestCase):
                 offset + obj_decoded.expl_tlen + obj_decoded.expl_llen,
             )
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.expl_offset, offset)
                 offset + obj_decoded.expl_tlen + obj_decoded.expl_llen,
             )
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.expl_offset, offset)
+            assert_exceeding_data(
+                self,
+                lambda: obj_expled.decod(obj_expled_encoded + tail_junk),
+                tail_junk,
+            )
 
     @given(
         oid_strategy().map(ObjectIdentifier),
 
     @given(
         oid_strategy().map(ObjectIdentifier),
@@ -2213,6 +2811,83 @@ class TestObjectIdentifier(CommonMixin, TestCase):
                 data,
             )))
 
                 data,
             )))
 
+    def test_x690_vector(self):
+        self.assertEqual(
+            ObjectIdentifier().decode(hexdec("0603883703"))[0],
+            ObjectIdentifier((2, 999, 3)),
+        )
+
+    def test_nonnormalized_first_arc(self):
+        tampered = (
+            ObjectIdentifier.tag_default +
+            len_encode(2) +
+            b'\x80' +
+            ObjectIdentifier((1, 0)).encode()[-1:]
+        )
+        obj, _ = ObjectIdentifier().decode(tampered, ctx={"bered": True})
+        self.assertTrue(obj.ber_encoded)
+        self.assertTrue(obj.bered)
+        obj = copy(obj)
+        self.assertTrue(obj.ber_encoded)
+        self.assertTrue(obj.bered)
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "non normalized arc encoding"):
+            ObjectIdentifier().decode(tampered)
+
+    @given(data_strategy())
+    def test_negative_arcs(self, d):
+        oid = list(d.draw(oid_strategy()))
+        if len(oid) == 2:
+            return
+        idx = d.draw(integers(min_value=3, max_value=len(oid)))
+        oid[idx - 1] *= -1
+        if oid[idx - 1] == 0:
+            oid[idx - 1] = -1
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidOID):
+            ObjectIdentifier(tuple(oid))
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidOID):
+            ObjectIdentifier(".".join(str(i) for i in oid))
+
+    @given(data_strategy())
+    def test_plused_arcs(self, d):
+        oid = [str(arc) for arc in d.draw(oid_strategy())]
+        idx = d.draw(integers(min_value=0, max_value=len(oid)))
+        oid[idx - 1] = "+" + oid[idx - 1]
+        with self.assertRaises(InvalidOID):
+            ObjectIdentifier(".".join(str(i) for i in oid))
+
+    @given(data_strategy())
+    def test_nonnormalized_arcs(self, d):
+        arcs = d.draw(lists(
+            integers(min_value=0, max_value=100),
+            min_size=1,
+            max_size=5,
+        ))
+        dered = ObjectIdentifier((1, 0) + tuple(arcs)).encode()
+        _, _, lv = tag_strip(dered)
+        _, _, v = len_decode(lv)
+        v_no_first_arc = v[1:]
+        idx_for_tamper = d.draw(integers(
+            min_value=0,
+            max_value=len(v_no_first_arc) - 1,
+        ))
+        tampered = list(bytearray(v_no_first_arc))
+        for _ in range(d.draw(integers(min_value=1, max_value=3))):
+            tampered.insert(idx_for_tamper, 0x80)
+        tampered = bytes(bytearray(tampered))
+        tampered = (
+            ObjectIdentifier.tag_default +
+            len_encode(len(tampered)) +
+            tampered
+        )
+        obj, _ = ObjectIdentifier().decode(tampered, ctx={"bered": True})
+        self.assertTrue(obj.ber_encoded)
+        self.assertTrue(obj.bered)
+        obj = copy(obj)
+        self.assertTrue(obj.ber_encoded)
+        self.assertTrue(obj.bered)
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "non normalized arc encoding"):
+            ObjectIdentifier().decode(tampered)
+
 
 @composite
 def enumerated_values_strategy(draw, schema=None, do_expl=False):
 
 @composite
 def enumerated_values_strategy(draw, schema=None, do_expl=False):
@@ -2290,16 +2965,18 @@ class TestEnumerated(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         obj = self.base_klass()
         self.assertFalse(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
         obj = self.base_klass()
         self.assertFalse(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
-        pprint(obj)
+        list(obj.pps())
+        pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
         with self.assertRaises(ObjNotReady) as err:
             obj.encode()
         repr(err.exception)
         obj = self.base_klass("whatever")
         self.assertTrue(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
         with self.assertRaises(ObjNotReady) as err:
             obj.encode()
         repr(err.exception)
         obj = self.base_klass("whatever")
         self.assertTrue(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
-        pprint(obj)
+        list(obj.pps())
+        pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
 
 
-    @given(integers(), integers(), binary(), binary())
+    @given(integers(), integers(), binary(min_size=1), binary(min_size=1))
     def test_comparison(self, value1, value2, tag1, tag2):
         class E(Enumerated):
             schema = (
     def test_comparison(self, value1, value2, tag1, tag2):
         class E(Enumerated):
             schema = (
@@ -2391,6 +3068,7 @@ class TestEnumerated(CommonMixin, TestCase):
 
         class E(Enumerated):
             schema = schema_input
 
         class E(Enumerated):
             schema = schema_input
+        register_class(E)
         obj = E(
             value=value,
             impl=impl,
         obj = E(
             value=value,
             impl=impl,
@@ -2399,9 +3077,10 @@ class TestEnumerated(CommonMixin, TestCase):
             optional=optional,
             _decoded=_decoded,
         )
             optional=optional,
             _decoded=_decoded,
         )
-        obj_copied = obj.copy()
-        self.assert_copied_basic_fields(obj, obj_copied)
-        self.assertEqual(obj.specs, obj_copied.specs)
+        for copy_func in copy_funcs:
+            obj_copied = copy_func(obj)
+            self.assert_copied_basic_fields(obj, obj_copied)
+            self.assertEqual(obj.specs, obj_copied.specs)
 
     @settings(max_examples=LONG_TEST_MAX_EXAMPLES)
     @given(data_strategy())
 
     @settings(max_examples=LONG_TEST_MAX_EXAMPLES)
     @given(data_strategy())
@@ -2412,6 +3091,7 @@ class TestEnumerated(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         tag_expl = d.draw(integers(min_value=1).map(tag_ctxc))
         offset = d.draw(integers(min_value=0))
         value = d.draw(sampled_from(sorted([v for _, v in schema_input])))
         tag_expl = d.draw(integers(min_value=1).map(tag_ctxc))
         offset = d.draw(integers(min_value=0))
         value = d.draw(sampled_from(sorted([v for _, v in schema_input])))
+        tail_junk = d.draw(binary(max_size=5))
 
         class E(Enumerated):
             schema = schema_input
 
         class E(Enumerated):
             schema = schema_input
@@ -2422,18 +3102,27 @@ class TestEnumerated(CommonMixin, TestCase):
             _decoded=_decoded,
         )
         repr(obj)
             _decoded=_decoded,
         )
         repr(obj)
-        pprint(obj)
+        list(obj.pps())
+        pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
         self.assertFalse(obj.expled)
         obj_encoded = obj.encode()
         obj_expled = obj(value, expl=tag_expl)
         self.assertTrue(obj_expled.expled)
         repr(obj_expled)
         self.assertFalse(obj.expled)
         obj_encoded = obj.encode()
         obj_expled = obj(value, expl=tag_expl)
         self.assertTrue(obj_expled.expled)
         repr(obj_expled)
-        pprint(obj_expled)
+        list(obj_expled.pps())
+        pprint(obj_expled, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
         obj_expled_encoded = obj_expled.encode()
         obj_expled_encoded = obj_expled.encode()
-        obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(obj_expled_encoded, offset=offset)
+        ctx_copied = deepcopy(ctx_dummy)
+        obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(
+            obj_expled_encoded + tail_junk,
+            offset=offset,
+            ctx=ctx_copied,
+        )
+        self.assertDictEqual(ctx_copied, ctx_dummy)
         repr(obj_decoded)
         repr(obj_decoded)
-        pprint(obj_decoded)
-        self.assertEqual(tail, b"")
+        list(obj_decoded.pps())
+        pprint(obj_decoded, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
+        self.assertEqual(tail, tail_junk)
         self.assertEqual(obj_decoded, obj_expled)
         self.assertNotEqual(obj_decoded, obj)
         self.assertEqual(int(obj_decoded), int(obj_expled))
         self.assertEqual(obj_decoded, obj_expled)
         self.assertNotEqual(obj_decoded, obj)
         self.assertEqual(int(obj_decoded), int(obj_expled))
@@ -2452,6 +3141,11 @@ class TestEnumerated(CommonMixin, TestCase):
             offset + obj_decoded.expl_tlen + obj_decoded.expl_llen,
         )
         self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.expl_offset, offset)
             offset + obj_decoded.expl_tlen + obj_decoded.expl_llen,
         )
         self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.expl_offset, offset)
+        assert_exceeding_data(
+            self,
+            lambda: obj_expled.decod(obj_expled_encoded + tail_junk),
+            tail_junk,
+        )
 
 
 @composite
 
 
 @composite
@@ -2508,7 +3202,8 @@ class StringMixin(object):
         obj = self.base_klass()
         self.assertFalse(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
         obj = self.base_klass()
         self.assertFalse(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
-        pprint(obj)
+        list(obj.pps())
+        pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
         text_type(obj)
         with self.assertRaises(ObjNotReady) as err:
             obj.encode()
         text_type(obj)
         with self.assertRaises(ObjNotReady) as err:
             obj.encode()
@@ -2517,15 +3212,16 @@ class StringMixin(object):
         obj = self.base_klass(value)
         self.assertTrue(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
         obj = self.base_klass(value)
         self.assertTrue(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
-        pprint(obj)
+        list(obj.pps())
+        pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
         text_type(obj)
 
     @given(data_strategy())
     def test_comparison(self, d):
         value1 = d.draw(text(alphabet=self.text_alphabet()))
         value2 = d.draw(text(alphabet=self.text_alphabet()))
         text_type(obj)
 
     @given(data_strategy())
     def test_comparison(self, d):
         value1 = d.draw(text(alphabet=self.text_alphabet()))
         value2 = d.draw(text(alphabet=self.text_alphabet()))
-        tag1 = d.draw(binary())
-        tag2 = d.draw(binary())
+        tag1 = d.draw(binary(min_size=1))
+        tag2 = d.draw(binary(min_size=1))
         obj1 = self.base_klass(value1)
         obj2 = self.base_klass(value2)
         self.assertEqual(obj1 == obj2, value1 == value2)
         obj1 = self.base_klass(value1)
         obj2 = self.base_klass(value2)
         self.assertEqual(obj1 == obj2, value1 == value2)
@@ -2556,10 +3252,20 @@ class StringMixin(object):
         with self.assertRaises(BoundsError) as err:
             self.base_klass(value=value, bounds=(bound_min, bound_max))
         repr(err.exception)
         with self.assertRaises(BoundsError) as err:
             self.base_klass(value=value, bounds=(bound_min, bound_max))
         repr(err.exception)
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "bounds") as err:
+            self.base_klass(bounds=(bound_min, bound_max)).decode(
+                self.base_klass(value).encode()
+            )
+        repr(err.exception)
         value = d.draw(text(alphabet=self.text_alphabet(), min_size=bound_max + 1))
         with self.assertRaises(BoundsError) as err:
             self.base_klass(value=value, bounds=(bound_min, bound_max))
         repr(err.exception)
         value = d.draw(text(alphabet=self.text_alphabet(), min_size=bound_max + 1))
         with self.assertRaises(BoundsError) as err:
             self.base_klass(value=value, bounds=(bound_min, bound_max))
         repr(err.exception)
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "bounds") as err:
+            self.base_klass(bounds=(bound_min, bound_max)).decode(
+                self.base_klass(value).encode()
+            )
+        repr(err.exception)
 
     @given(data_strategy())
     def test_call(self, d):
 
     @given(data_strategy())
     def test_call(self, d):
@@ -2638,11 +3344,12 @@ class StringMixin(object):
     def test_copy(self, d):
         values = d.draw(string_values_strategy(self.text_alphabet()))
         obj = self.base_klass(*values)
     def test_copy(self, d):
         values = d.draw(string_values_strategy(self.text_alphabet()))
         obj = self.base_klass(*values)
-        obj_copied = obj.copy()
-        self.assert_copied_basic_fields(obj, obj_copied)
-        self.assertEqual(obj._bound_min, obj_copied._bound_min)
-        self.assertEqual(obj._bound_max, obj_copied._bound_max)
-        self.assertEqual(obj._value, obj_copied._value)
+        for copy_func in copy_funcs:
+            obj_copied = copy_func(obj)
+            self.assert_copied_basic_fields(obj, obj_copied)
+            self.assertEqual(obj._bound_min, obj_copied._bound_min)
+            self.assertEqual(obj._bound_max, obj_copied._bound_max)
+            self.assertEqual(obj._value, obj_copied._value)
 
     @given(data_strategy())
     def test_stripped(self, d):
 
     @given(data_strategy())
     def test_stripped(self, d):
@@ -2663,10 +3370,9 @@ class StringMixin(object):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=31),
         integers(min_value=0),
     @given(
         integers(min_value=31),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_tag(self, tag, offset, decode_path):
     )
     def test_bad_tag(self, tag, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             self.base_klass().decode(
                 tag_encode(tag)[:-1],
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             self.base_klass().decode(
                 tag_encode(tag)[:-1],
@@ -2680,10 +3386,9 @@ class StringMixin(object):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=128),
         integers(min_value=0),
     @given(
         integers(min_value=128),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_len(self, l, offset, decode_path):
     )
     def test_bad_len(self, l, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             self.base_klass().decode(
                 self.base_klass.tag_default + len_encode(l)[:-1],
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             self.base_klass().decode(
                 self.base_klass.tag_default + len_encode(l)[:-1],
@@ -2697,10 +3402,9 @@ class StringMixin(object):
     @given(
         sets(integers(min_value=0, max_value=10), min_size=2, max_size=2),
         integers(min_value=0),
     @given(
         sets(integers(min_value=0, max_value=10), min_size=2, max_size=2),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_invalid_bounds_while_decoding(self, ints, offset, decode_path):
     )
     def test_invalid_bounds_while_decoding(self, ints, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         value, bound_min = list(sorted(ints))
 
         class String(self.base_klass):
         value, bound_min = list(sorted(ints))
 
         class String(self.base_klass):
@@ -2723,6 +3427,7 @@ class StringMixin(object):
         value = d.draw(text(alphabet=self.text_alphabet()))
         tag_expl = tag_ctxc(d.draw(integers(min_value=1)))
         offset = d.draw(integers(min_value=0))
         value = d.draw(text(alphabet=self.text_alphabet()))
         tag_expl = tag_ctxc(d.draw(integers(min_value=1)))
         offset = d.draw(integers(min_value=0))
+        tail_junk = d.draw(binary(max_size=5))
         _, _, _, _, default, optional, _decoded = values
         obj = self.base_klass(
             value=value,
         _, _, _, _, default, optional, _decoded = values
         obj = self.base_klass(
             value=value,
@@ -2731,18 +3436,27 @@ class StringMixin(object):
             _decoded=_decoded,
         )
         repr(obj)
             _decoded=_decoded,
         )
         repr(obj)
-        pprint(obj)
+        list(obj.pps())
+        pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
         self.assertFalse(obj.expled)
         obj_encoded = obj.encode()
         obj_expled = obj(value, expl=tag_expl)
         self.assertTrue(obj_expled.expled)
         repr(obj_expled)
         self.assertFalse(obj.expled)
         obj_encoded = obj.encode()
         obj_expled = obj(value, expl=tag_expl)
         self.assertTrue(obj_expled.expled)
         repr(obj_expled)
-        pprint(obj_expled)
+        list(obj_expled.pps())
+        pprint(obj_expled, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
         obj_expled_encoded = obj_expled.encode()
         obj_expled_encoded = obj_expled.encode()
-        obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(obj_expled_encoded, offset=offset)
+        ctx_copied = deepcopy(ctx_dummy)
+        obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(
+            obj_expled_encoded + tail_junk,
+            offset=offset,
+            ctx=ctx_copied,
+        )
+        self.assertDictEqual(ctx_copied, ctx_dummy)
         repr(obj_decoded)
         repr(obj_decoded)
-        pprint(obj_decoded)
-        self.assertEqual(tail, b"")
+        list(obj_decoded.pps())
+        pprint(obj_decoded, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
+        self.assertEqual(tail, tail_junk)
         self.assertEqual(obj_decoded, obj_expled)
         self.assertNotEqual(obj_decoded, obj)
         self.assertEqual(bytes(obj_decoded), bytes(obj_expled))
         self.assertEqual(obj_decoded, obj_expled)
         self.assertNotEqual(obj_decoded, obj)
         self.assertEqual(bytes(obj_decoded), bytes(obj_expled))
@@ -2763,41 +3477,210 @@ class StringMixin(object):
             offset + obj_decoded.expl_tlen + obj_decoded.expl_llen,
         )
         self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.expl_offset, offset)
             offset + obj_decoded.expl_tlen + obj_decoded.expl_llen,
         )
         self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.expl_offset, offset)
+        assert_exceeding_data(
+            self,
+            lambda: obj_expled.decod(obj_expled_encoded + tail_junk),
+            tail_junk,
+        )
 
 
 class TestUTF8String(StringMixin, CommonMixin, TestCase):
     base_klass = UTF8String
 
 
 
 
 class TestUTF8String(StringMixin, CommonMixin, TestCase):
     base_klass = UTF8String
 
 
-class TestNumericString(StringMixin, CommonMixin, TestCase):
-    base_klass = NumericString
-
+cyrillic_letters = text(
+    alphabet="".join(six_unichr(i) for i in list(range(0x0410, 0x044f + 1))),
+    min_size=1,
+    max_size=5,
+)
 
 
-class TestPrintableString(StringMixin, CommonMixin, TestCase):
-    base_klass = PrintableString
 
 
+class UnicodeDecodeErrorMixin(object):
+    @given(cyrillic_letters)
+    def test_unicode_decode_error(self, cyrillic_text):
+        with self.assertRaises(DecodeError):
+            self.base_klass(cyrillic_text)
 
 
-class TestTeletexString(StringMixin, CommonMixin, TestCase):
-    base_klass = TeletexString
 
 
+class TestNumericString(StringMixin, CommonMixin, TestCase):
+    base_klass = NumericString
 
 
-class TestVideotexString(StringMixin, CommonMixin, TestCase):
-    base_klass = VideotexString
+    def text_alphabet(self):
+        return digits + " "
 
 
+    @given(text(alphabet=ascii_letters, min_size=1, max_size=5))
+    def test_non_numeric(self, non_numeric_text):
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "non-numeric"):
+            self.base_klass(non_numeric_text)
 
 
-class TestIA5String(StringMixin, CommonMixin, TestCase):
-    base_klass = IA5String
+    @given(
+        sets(integers(min_value=0, max_value=10), min_size=2, max_size=2),
+        integers(min_value=0),
+        decode_path_strat,
+    )
+    def test_invalid_bounds_while_decoding(self, ints, offset, decode_path):
+        value, bound_min = list(sorted(ints))
+
+        class String(self.base_klass):
+            bounds = (bound_min, bound_min)
+        with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
+            String().decode(
+                self.base_klass(b"1" * value).encode(),
+                offset=offset,
+                decode_path=decode_path,
+            )
+        repr(err.exception)
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.offset, offset)
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.decode_path, decode_path)
+
+
+class TestPrintableString(
+        UnicodeDecodeErrorMixin,
+        StringMixin,
+        CommonMixin,
+        TestCase,
+):
+    base_klass = PrintableString
+
+    def text_alphabet(self):
+        return ascii_letters + digits + " '()+,-./:=?"
+
+    @given(text(alphabet=sorted(set(whitespace) - set(" ")), min_size=1, max_size=5))
+    def test_non_printable(self, non_printable_text):
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "non-printable"):
+            self.base_klass(non_printable_text)
+
+    @given(
+        sets(integers(min_value=0, max_value=10), min_size=2, max_size=2),
+        integers(min_value=0),
+        decode_path_strat,
+    )
+    def test_invalid_bounds_while_decoding(self, ints, offset, decode_path):
+        value, bound_min = list(sorted(ints))
+
+        class String(self.base_klass):
+            bounds = (bound_min, bound_min)
+        with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
+            String().decode(
+                self.base_klass(b"1" * value).encode(),
+                offset=offset,
+                decode_path=decode_path,
+            )
+        repr(err.exception)
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.offset, offset)
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.decode_path, decode_path)
+
+    def test_allowable_invalid_chars(self):
+        for c, kwargs in (
+                ("*", {"allow_asterisk": True}),
+                ("&", {"allow_ampersand": True}),
+                ("&*", {"allow_asterisk": True, "allow_ampersand": True}),
+        ):
+            s = "hello invalid"
+            obj = self.base_klass(s)
+            for prop in kwargs.keys():
+                self.assertFalse(getattr(obj, prop))
+            s += c
+            with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "non-printable"):
+                self.base_klass(s)
+            self.base_klass(s, **kwargs)
+            klass = self.base_klass(**kwargs)
+            obj = klass(s)
+            for prop in kwargs.keys():
+                self.assertTrue(getattr(obj, prop))
+            obj = copy(obj)
+            obj(s)
+            for prop in kwargs.keys():
+                self.assertTrue(getattr(obj, prop))
+
+
+class TestTeletexString(
+        UnicodeDecodeErrorMixin,
+        StringMixin,
+        CommonMixin,
+        TestCase,
+):
+    base_klass = TeletexString
 
 
 
 
-class TestGraphicString(StringMixin, CommonMixin, TestCase):
+class TestVideotexString(
+        UnicodeDecodeErrorMixin,
+        StringMixin,
+        CommonMixin,
+        TestCase,
+):
+    base_klass = VideotexString
+
+
+class TestIA5String(
+        UnicodeDecodeErrorMixin,
+        StringMixin,
+        CommonMixin,
+        TestCase,
+):
+    base_klass = IA5String
+
+
+class TestGraphicString(
+        UnicodeDecodeErrorMixin,
+        StringMixin,
+        CommonMixin,
+        TestCase,
+):
     base_klass = GraphicString
 
 
     base_klass = GraphicString
 
 
-class TestVisibleString(StringMixin, CommonMixin, TestCase):
+class TestVisibleString(
+        UnicodeDecodeErrorMixin,
+        StringMixin,
+        CommonMixin,
+        TestCase,
+):
     base_klass = VisibleString
 
     base_klass = VisibleString
 
-
-class TestGeneralString(StringMixin, CommonMixin, TestCase):
+    def test_x690_vector(self):
+        obj, tail = VisibleString().decode(hexdec("1A054A6F6E6573"))
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(tail, b"")
+        self.assertEqual(str(obj), "Jones")
+        self.assertFalse(obj.ber_encoded)
+        self.assertFalse(obj.lenindef)
+        self.assertFalse(obj.bered)
+
+        obj, tail = VisibleString().decode(
+            hexdec("3A0904034A6F6E04026573"),
+            ctx={"bered": True},
+        )
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(tail, b"")
+        self.assertEqual(str(obj), "Jones")
+        self.assertTrue(obj.ber_encoded)
+        self.assertFalse(obj.lenindef)
+        self.assertTrue(obj.bered)
+        obj = copy(obj)
+        self.assertTrue(obj.ber_encoded)
+        self.assertFalse(obj.lenindef)
+        self.assertTrue(obj.bered)
+
+        obj, tail = VisibleString().decode(
+            hexdec("3A8004034A6F6E040265730000"),
+            ctx={"bered": True},
+        )
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(tail, b"")
+        self.assertEqual(str(obj), "Jones")
+        self.assertTrue(obj.ber_encoded)
+        self.assertTrue(obj.lenindef)
+        self.assertTrue(obj.bered)
+        obj = copy(obj)
+        self.assertTrue(obj.ber_encoded)
+        self.assertTrue(obj.lenindef)
+        self.assertTrue(obj.bered)
+
+
+class TestGeneralString(
+        UnicodeDecodeErrorMixin,
+        StringMixin,
+        CommonMixin,
+        TestCase,
+):
     base_klass = GeneralString
 
 
     base_klass = GeneralString
 
 
@@ -2863,15 +3746,20 @@ class TimeMixin(object):
         obj = self.base_klass()
         self.assertFalse(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
         obj = self.base_klass()
         self.assertFalse(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
-        pprint(obj)
+        list(obj.pps())
+        pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
         with self.assertRaises(ObjNotReady) as err:
             obj.encode()
         repr(err.exception)
         with self.assertRaises(ObjNotReady) as err:
             obj.encode()
         repr(err.exception)
-        value = d.draw(datetimes(min_value=self.min_datetime))
+        value = d.draw(datetimes(
+            min_value=self.min_datetime,
+            max_value=self.max_datetime,
+        ))
         obj = self.base_klass(value)
         self.assertTrue(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
         obj = self.base_klass(value)
         self.assertTrue(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
-        pprint(obj)
+        list(obj.pps())
+        pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
 
     @given(data_strategy())
     def test_comparison(self, d):
 
     @given(data_strategy())
     def test_comparison(self, d):
@@ -2883,8 +3771,8 @@ class TimeMixin(object):
             min_value=self.min_datetime,
             max_value=self.max_datetime,
         ))
             min_value=self.min_datetime,
             max_value=self.max_datetime,
         ))
-        tag1 = d.draw(binary())
-        tag2 = d.draw(binary())
+        tag1 = d.draw(binary(min_size=1))
+        tag2 = d.draw(binary(min_size=1))
         if self.omit_ms:
             value1 = value1.replace(microsecond=0)
             value2 = value2.replace(microsecond=0)
         if self.omit_ms:
             value1 = value1.replace(microsecond=0)
             value2 = value2.replace(microsecond=0)
@@ -2968,9 +3856,10 @@ class TimeMixin(object):
             max_datetime=self.max_datetime,
         ))
         obj = self.base_klass(*values)
             max_datetime=self.max_datetime,
         ))
         obj = self.base_klass(*values)
-        obj_copied = obj.copy()
-        self.assert_copied_basic_fields(obj, obj_copied)
-        self.assertEqual(obj._value, obj_copied._value)
+        for copy_func in copy_funcs:
+            obj_copied = copy_func(obj)
+            self.assert_copied_basic_fields(obj, obj_copied)
+            self.assertEqual(obj._value, obj_copied._value)
 
     @given(data_strategy())
     def test_stripped(self, d):
 
     @given(data_strategy())
     def test_stripped(self, d):
@@ -3007,6 +3896,7 @@ class TimeMixin(object):
         ))
         tag_expl = tag_ctxc(d.draw(integers(min_value=1)))
         offset = d.draw(integers(min_value=0))
         ))
         tag_expl = tag_ctxc(d.draw(integers(min_value=1)))
         offset = d.draw(integers(min_value=0))
+        tail_junk = d.draw(binary(max_size=5))
         _, _, _, default, optional, _decoded = values
         obj = self.base_klass(
             value=value,
         _, _, _, default, optional, _decoded = values
         obj = self.base_klass(
             value=value,
@@ -3015,18 +3905,28 @@ class TimeMixin(object):
             _decoded=_decoded,
         )
         repr(obj)
             _decoded=_decoded,
         )
         repr(obj)
-        pprint(obj)
+        list(obj.pps())
+        pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
         self.assertFalse(obj.expled)
         obj_encoded = obj.encode()
         self.assertFalse(obj.expled)
         obj_encoded = obj.encode()
+        self.additional_symmetric_check(value, obj_encoded)
         obj_expled = obj(value, expl=tag_expl)
         self.assertTrue(obj_expled.expled)
         repr(obj_expled)
         obj_expled = obj(value, expl=tag_expl)
         self.assertTrue(obj_expled.expled)
         repr(obj_expled)
-        pprint(obj_expled)
+        list(obj_expled.pps())
+        pprint(obj_expled, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
         obj_expled_encoded = obj_expled.encode()
         obj_expled_encoded = obj_expled.encode()
-        obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(obj_expled_encoded, offset=offset)
+        ctx_copied = deepcopy(ctx_dummy)
+        obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(
+            obj_expled_encoded + tail_junk,
+            offset=offset,
+            ctx=ctx_copied,
+        )
+        self.assertDictEqual(ctx_copied, ctx_dummy)
         repr(obj_decoded)
         repr(obj_decoded)
-        pprint(obj_decoded)
-        self.assertEqual(tail, b"")
+        list(obj_decoded.pps())
+        pprint(obj_decoded, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
+        self.assertEqual(tail, tail_junk)
         self.assertEqual(obj_decoded, obj_expled)
         self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.todatetime(), obj_expled.todatetime())
         self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.todatetime(), obj.todatetime())
         self.assertEqual(obj_decoded, obj_expled)
         self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.todatetime(), obj_expled.todatetime())
         self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.todatetime(), obj.todatetime())
@@ -3044,6 +3944,11 @@ class TimeMixin(object):
             offset + obj_decoded.expl_tlen + obj_decoded.expl_llen,
         )
         self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.expl_offset, offset)
             offset + obj_decoded.expl_tlen + obj_decoded.expl_llen,
         )
         self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.expl_offset, offset)
+        assert_exceeding_data(
+            self,
+            lambda: obj_expled.decod(obj_expled_encoded + tail_junk),
+            tail_junk,
+        )
 
 
 class TestGeneralizedTime(TimeMixin, CommonMixin, TestCase):
 
 
 class TestGeneralizedTime(TimeMixin, CommonMixin, TestCase):
@@ -3052,6 +3957,32 @@ class TestGeneralizedTime(TimeMixin, CommonMixin, TestCase):
     min_datetime = datetime(1900, 1, 1)
     max_datetime = datetime(9999, 12, 31)
 
     min_datetime = datetime(1900, 1, 1)
     max_datetime = datetime(9999, 12, 31)
 
+    def additional_symmetric_check(self, value, obj_encoded):
+        if value.microsecond > 0:
+            self.assertFalse(obj_encoded.endswith(b"0Z"))
+
+    def test_repr_not_ready(self):
+        unicode(GeneralizedTime()) if PY2 else str(GeneralizedTime())
+        repr(GeneralizedTime())
+
+    def test_x690_vector_valid(self):
+        for data in ((
+                b"19920521000000Z",
+                b"19920622123421Z",
+                b"19920722132100.3Z",
+        )):
+            GeneralizedTime(data)
+
+    def test_x690_vector_invalid(self):
+        for data in ((
+                b"19920520240000Z",
+                b"19920622123421.0Z",
+                b"19920722132100.30Z",
+        )):
+            with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
+                GeneralizedTime(data)
+            repr(err.exception)
+
     def test_go_vectors_invalid(self):
         for data in ((
                 b"20100102030405",
     def test_go_vectors_invalid(self):
         for data in ((
                 b"20100102030405",
@@ -3086,6 +4017,323 @@ class TestGeneralizedTime(TimeMixin, CommonMixin, TestCase):
             datetime(2010, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0),
         )
 
             datetime(2010, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0),
         )
 
+    def test_go_vectors_valid_ber(self):
+        for data in ((
+                b"20100102030405+0607",
+                b"20100102030405-0607",
+        )):
+            GeneralizedTime(data, ctx={"bered": True})
+
+    def test_utc_offsets(self):
+        """Some know equal UTC offsets
+        """
+        dts = [
+            GeneralizedTime(data.encode("ascii"), ctx={"bered": True})
+            for data in (
+                "200101011830Z",
+                "200101012230+04",
+                "200101011130-0700",
+                "200101011500-03:30",
+            )
+        ]
+        self.assertEqual(dts[0], dts[1])
+        self.assertEqual(dts[0], dts[2])
+        self.assertEqual(dts[0], dts[3])
+
+    @settings(max_examples=LONG_TEST_MAX_EXAMPLES)
+    @given(data_strategy())
+    def test_valid_ber(self, d):
+        min_year = 1901 if PY2 else 2
+        year = d.draw(integers(min_value=min_year, max_value=9999))
+        month = d.draw(integers(min_value=1, max_value=12))
+        day = d.draw(integers(min_value=1, max_value=28))
+        hours = d.draw(integers(min_value=0, max_value=23))
+        data = "%04d%02d%02d%02d" % (year, month, day, hours)
+        dt = datetime(year, month, day, hours)
+        fractions_sign = d.draw(sampled_from("  ,."))
+        fractions = None
+        if fractions_sign != " ":
+            fractions = random()
+        if d.draw(booleans()):
+            minutes = d.draw(integers(min_value=0, max_value=59))
+            data += "%02d" % minutes
+            dt += timedelta(seconds=60 * minutes)
+            if d.draw(booleans()):
+                seconds = d.draw(integers(min_value=0, max_value=59))
+                data += "%02d" % seconds
+                dt += timedelta(seconds=seconds)
+                if fractions is not None:
+                    dt += timedelta(microseconds=10**6 * fractions)
+            elif fractions is not None:
+                dt += timedelta(seconds=60 * fractions)
+        elif fractions is not None:
+            dt += timedelta(seconds=3600 * fractions)
+        if fractions is not None:
+            data += fractions_sign + str(fractions)[2:]
+        if d.draw(booleans()):
+            data += "Z"
+        elif d.draw(booleans()):
+            offset_hour = d.draw(integers(min_value=0, max_value=13))
+            sign = 1
+            if d.draw(booleans()):
+                data += "-"
+                sign = -1
+            else:
+                data += "+"
+            dt -= timedelta(seconds=sign * 3600 * offset_hour)
+            data += "%02d" % offset_hour
+            minutes_separator = d.draw(sampled_from((None, "", ":")))
+            if minutes_separator is not None:
+                offset_minute = d.draw(integers(min_value=0, max_value=59))
+                dt -= timedelta(seconds=sign * 60 * offset_minute)
+                data += "%s%02d" % (minutes_separator, offset_minute)
+        data = data.encode("ascii")
+        data_der = GeneralizedTime.tag_default + len_encode(len(data)) + data
+        try:
+            GeneralizedTime().decod(data_der)
+        except DecodeError:
+            dered = False
+        else:
+            dered = True
+        obj = GeneralizedTime().decod(data_der, ctx={"bered": True})
+        if dt.year > 1970:
+            self.assertEqual(
+                mktime(obj.todatetime().timetuple()),
+                mktime(dt.timetuple()),
+            )
+        elif not PY2:
+            self.assertEqual(obj.todatetime().timestamp(), dt.timestamp())
+        self.assertEqual(obj.ber_encoded, not dered)
+        self.assertEqual(obj.bered, not dered)
+        self.assertEqual(obj.ber_raw, None if dered else data)
+        self.assertEqual(obj.encode() == data_der, dered)
+        repr(obj)
+        bytes(obj)
+        str(obj)
+
+    def test_invalid_ber(self):
+        for data in ((
+                # "00010203040506.07",
+                "-0010203040506.07",
+                "0001-203040506.07",
+                "000102-3040506.07",
+                "00010203-40506.07",
+                "0001020304-506.07",
+                "000102030405-6.07",
+                "00010203040506.-7",
+                "+0010203040506.07",
+                "0001+203040506.07",
+                "000102+3040506.07",
+                "00010203+40506.07",
+                "0001020304+506.07",
+                "000102030405+6.07",
+                "00010203040506.+7",
+                " 0010203040506.07",
+                "0001 203040506.07",
+                "000102 3040506.07",
+                "00010203 40506.07",
+                "0001020304 506.07",
+                "000102030405 6.07",
+                "00010203040506. 7",
+                "001 0203040506.07",
+                "00012 03040506.07",
+                "0001023 040506.07",
+                "000102034 0506.07",
+                "00010203045 06.07",
+                "0001020304056 .07",
+                "00010203040506.7 ",
+                "00010203040506.",
+                "0001020304050607",
+
+                "-0010203040506",
+                "0001-203040506",
+                "000102-3040506",
+                "00010203-40506",
+                "0001020304-506",
+                "000102030405-6",
+                "0001+203040506",
+                "000102+3040506",
+                "00010203+40506",
+                "0001020304+506",
+                "000102030405+6",
+                " 0010203040506",
+                "0001 203040506",
+                "000102 3040506",
+                "00010203 40506",
+                "0001020304 506",
+                "000102030405 6",
+                "001 0203040506",
+                "00012 03040506",
+                "0001023 040506",
+                "000102034 0506",
+                "00010203045 06",
+                "0001020304056 ",
+
+                "-00102030405.07",
+                "0001-2030405.07",
+                "000102-30405.07",
+                "00010203-405.07",
+                "0001020304-5.07",
+                "000102030405.-7",
+                "+00102030405.07",
+                "0001+2030405.07",
+                "00010203+405.07",
+                "0001020304+5.07",
+                "000102030405.+7",
+                " 00102030405.07",
+                "0001 2030405.07",
+                "000102 30405.07",
+                "00010203 405.07",
+                "0001020304 5.07",
+                "000102030405. 7",
+                "001 02030405.07",
+                "00012 030405.07",
+                "0001023 0405.07",
+                "000102034 05.07",
+                "00010203045 .07",
+                "000102030405.7 ",
+                "000102030405.",
+
+                "-001020304.07",
+                "0001-20304.07",
+                "000102-304.07",
+                "00010203-4.07",
+                "0001020304.-7",
+                "+001020304.07",
+                "0001+20304.07",
+                "00010203+4.07",
+                "0001020304.+7",
+                " 001020304.07",
+                "0001 20304.07",
+                "000102 304.07",
+                "00010203 4.07",
+                "0001020304. 7",
+                "001 020304.07",
+                "00012 0304.07",
+                "0001023 04.07",
+                "000102034 .07",
+                "0001020304.7 ",
+                "0001020304.",
+
+                "00010203",
+                "00010203040506Y",
+                "0001010100+0001",
+                "0001010100+00:01",
+                "0001010100+01",
+
+                "00010203040506.07+15",
+                "00010203040506.07-15",
+                "00010203040506.07+14:60",
+                "00010203040506.07+1460",
+                "00010203040506.07-1460",
+                "00010203040506.07+00:60",
+                "00010203040506.07-00:60",
+
+                "00010203040506+15",
+                "00010203040506-15",
+                "00010203040506+14:60",
+                "00010203040506+1460",
+                "00010203040506-1460",
+                "00010203040506+00:60",
+                "00010203040506-00:60",
+
+                "0001020304050.07",
+                "00010203040.07",
+                "000102030.07",
+                "0001020304050",
+                "00010203040",
+                "000102030",
+        )):
+            with self.assertRaises(DecodeError):
+                GeneralizedTime(data.encode("ascii"), ctx={"bered": True})
+            data = data.replace(".", ",")
+            with self.assertRaises(DecodeError):
+                GeneralizedTime(data.encode("ascii"), ctx={"bered": True})
+
+    @given(
+        binary(
+            min_size=(LEN_YYYYMMDDHHMMSSZ - 1) // 2,
+            max_size=(LEN_YYYYMMDDHHMMSSZ - 1) // 2,
+        ),
+        binary(min_size=1, max_size=1),
+        binary(
+            min_size=(LEN_YYYYMMDDHHMMSSZ - 1) // 2,
+            max_size=(LEN_YYYYMMDDHHMMSSZ - 1) // 2,
+        ),
+    )
+    def test_junk(self, part0, part1, part2):
+        junk = part0 + part1 + part2
+        assume(not (set(junk) <= set(digits.encode("ascii"))))
+        with self.assertRaises(DecodeError):
+            GeneralizedTime().decode(
+                GeneralizedTime.tag_default +
+                len_encode(len(junk)) +
+                junk
+            )
+
+    @given(
+        binary(
+            min_size=(LEN_YYYYMMDDHHMMSSDMZ - 1) // 2,
+            max_size=(LEN_YYYYMMDDHHMMSSDMZ - 1) // 2,
+        ),
+        binary(min_size=1, max_size=1),
+        binary(
+            min_size=(LEN_YYYYMMDDHHMMSSDMZ - 1) // 2,
+            max_size=(LEN_YYYYMMDDHHMMSSDMZ - 1) // 2,
+        ),
+    )
+    def test_junk_dm(self, part0, part1, part2):
+        junk = part0 + part1 + part2
+        assume(not (set(junk) <= set(digits.encode("ascii"))))
+        with self.assertRaises(DecodeError):
+            GeneralizedTime().decode(
+                GeneralizedTime.tag_default +
+                len_encode(len(junk)) +
+                junk
+            )
+
+    def test_ns_fractions(self):
+        GeneralizedTime(b"20010101000000.000001Z")
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "only microsecond fractions"):
+            GeneralizedTime(b"20010101000000.0000001Z")
+
+    def test_non_pure_integers(self):
+        for data in ((
+                # b"20000102030405Z,
+                b"+2000102030405Z",
+                b"2000+102030405Z",
+                b"200001+2030405Z",
+                b"20000102+30405Z",
+                b"2000010203+405Z",
+                b"200001020304+5Z",
+                b"20000102030405.+6Z",
+                b"20000102030405.-6Z",
+                b"_2000102030405Z",
+                b"2000_102030405Z",
+                b"200001_2030405Z",
+                b"20000102_30405Z",
+                b"2000010203_405Z",
+                b"200001020304_5Z",
+                b"20000102030405._6Z",
+                b"20000102030405.6_Z",
+                b" 2000102030405Z",
+                b"2000 102030405Z",
+                b"200001 2030405Z",
+                b"20000102 30405Z",
+                b"2000010203 405Z",
+                b"200001020304 5Z",
+                b"20000102030405. 6Z",
+                b"200 0102030405Z",
+                b"20001 02030405Z",
+                b"2000012 030405Z",
+                b"200001023 0405Z",
+                b"20000102034 05Z",
+                b"2000010203045 Z",
+                b"20000102030405.6 Z",
+        )):
+            with self.assertRaises(DecodeError):
+                GeneralizedTime(data)
+
 
 class TestUTCTime(TimeMixin, CommonMixin, TestCase):
     base_klass = UTCTime
 
 class TestUTCTime(TimeMixin, CommonMixin, TestCase):
     base_klass = UTCTime
@@ -3093,6 +4341,30 @@ class TestUTCTime(TimeMixin, CommonMixin, TestCase):
     min_datetime = datetime(2000, 1, 1)
     max_datetime = datetime(2049, 12, 31)
 
     min_datetime = datetime(2000, 1, 1)
     max_datetime = datetime(2049, 12, 31)
 
+    def additional_symmetric_check(self, value, obj_encoded):
+        pass
+
+    def test_repr_not_ready(self):
+        unicode(GeneralizedTime()) if PY2 else str(GeneralizedTime())
+        repr(UTCTime())
+
+    def test_x690_vector_valid(self):
+        for data in ((
+                b"920521000000Z",
+                b"920622123421Z",
+                b"920722132100Z",
+        )):
+            UTCTime(data)
+
+    def test_x690_vector_invalid(self):
+        for data in ((
+                b"920520240000Z",
+                b"9207221321Z",
+        )):
+            with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
+                UTCTime(data)
+            repr(err.exception)
+
     def test_go_vectors_invalid(self):
         for data in ((
                 b"a10506234540Z",
     def test_go_vectors_invalid(self):
         for data in ((
                 b"a10506234540Z",
@@ -3136,6 +4408,229 @@ class TestUTCTime(TimeMixin, CommonMixin, TestCase):
             datetime(1991, 5, 6, 23, 45, 40, 0),
         )
 
             datetime(1991, 5, 6, 23, 45, 40, 0),
         )
 
+    def test_non_pure_integers(self):
+        for data in ((
+                # b"000102030405Z",
+                b"+10102030405Z",
+                b"00+102030405Z",
+                b"0001+2030405Z",
+                b"000102+30405Z",
+                b"00010203+405Z",
+                b"0001020304+5Z",
+                b"_10102030405Z",
+                b"00_102030405Z",
+                b"0001_2030405Z",
+                b"000102_30405Z",
+                b"00010203_405Z",
+                b"0001020304_5Z",
+                b"00010203045_Z",
+                b" 10102030405Z",
+                b"00 102030405Z",
+                b"0001 2030405Z",
+                b"000102 30405Z",
+                b"00010203 405Z",
+                b"0001020304 5Z",
+                b"1 0102030405Z",
+                b"001 02030405Z",
+                b"00012 030405Z",
+                b"0001023 0405Z",
+                b"000102034 05Z",
+                b"00010203045 Z",
+        )):
+            with self.assertRaises(DecodeError):
+                UTCTime(data)
+
+    def test_x680_vector_valid_ber(self):
+        for data, dt in ((
+                (b"8201021200Z", datetime(1982, 1, 2, 12)),
+                (b"8201020700-0500", datetime(1982, 1, 2, 12)),
+                (b"0101021200Z", datetime(2001, 1, 2, 12)),
+                (b"0101020700-0500", datetime(2001, 1, 2, 12)),
+        )):
+            data_der = UTCTime.tag_default + len_encode(len(data)) + data
+            obj = UTCTime().decod(data_der, ctx={"bered": True})
+            self.assertEqual(obj, dt)
+            self.assertEqual(obj.todatetime(), dt)
+            self.assertTrue(obj.ber_encoded)
+            self.assertTrue(obj.bered)
+            self.assertEqual(obj.ber_raw, data)
+            self.assertNotEqual(obj.encode(), data_der)
+            repr(obj)
+
+    def test_go_vectors_valid_ber(self):
+        for data in ((
+                b"910506164540-0700",
+                b"910506164540+0730",
+                b"9105062345Z",
+                b"5105062345Z",
+        )):
+            data = UTCTime.tag_default + len_encode(len(data)) + data
+            obj = UTCTime().decod(data, ctx={"bered": True})
+            self.assertTrue(obj.ber_encoded)
+            self.assertTrue(obj.bered)
+            self.assertNotEqual(obj.encode(), data)
+            repr(obj)
+
+    @settings(max_examples=LONG_TEST_MAX_EXAMPLES)
+    @given(data_strategy())
+    def test_valid_ber(self, d):
+        year = d.draw(integers(min_value=0, max_value=99))
+        month = d.draw(integers(min_value=1, max_value=12))
+        day = d.draw(integers(min_value=1, max_value=28))
+        hours = d.draw(integers(min_value=0, max_value=23))
+        minute = d.draw(integers(min_value=0, max_value=59))
+        data = "%02d%02d%02d%02d%02d" % (year, month, day, hours, minute)
+        dt = datetime(
+            year + (2000 if year < 50 else 1900),
+            month,
+            day,
+            hours,
+            minute,
+        )
+        dered = False
+        if d.draw(booleans()):
+            dered = True
+            seconds = d.draw(integers(min_value=0, max_value=59))
+            data += "%02d" % seconds
+            dt += timedelta(seconds=seconds)
+        if d.draw(booleans()):
+            data += "Z"
+        else:
+            dered = False
+            offset_hour = d.draw(integers(min_value=0, max_value=13))
+            offset_minute = d.draw(integers(min_value=0, max_value=59))
+            offset = timedelta(seconds=offset_hour * 3600 + offset_minute * 60)
+            if d.draw(booleans()):
+                dt += offset
+                data += "-"
+            else:
+                dt -= offset
+                data += "+"
+            data += "%02d%02d" % (offset_hour, offset_minute)
+        data = data.encode("ascii")
+        data_der = UTCTime.tag_default + len_encode(len(data)) + data
+        obj = UTCTime().decod(data_der, ctx={"bered": True})
+        self.assertEqual(obj, dt)
+        self.assertEqual(obj.todatetime(), dt)
+        self.assertEqual(obj.ber_encoded, not dered)
+        self.assertEqual(obj.bered, not dered)
+        self.assertEqual(obj.ber_raw, None if dered else data)
+        self.assertEqual(obj.encode() == data_der, dered)
+        repr(obj)
+        bytes(obj)
+        str(obj)
+
+    def test_invalid_ber(self):
+        for data in ((
+                # b"0001020304Z",
+                b"-101020304Z",
+                b"00-1020304Z",
+                b"0001-20304Z",
+                b"000102-304Z",
+                b"000102-104Z",
+                b"00000203-4Z",
+                b"+101020304Z",
+                b"00+1020304Z",
+                b"0001+20304Z",
+                b"000102+304Z",
+                b"000102+104Z",
+                b"00000203+4Z",
+                b" 101020304Z",
+                b"00 1020304Z",
+                b"0001 20304Z",
+                b"000102 304Z",
+                b"000102 104Z",
+                b"00000203 4Z",
+                b"1 01020304Z",
+                b"001 020304Z",
+                b"00012 0304Z",
+                b"0001023 04Z",
+                b"0001021 04Z",
+                b"000002034 Z",
+                b"0013020304Z",
+                b"0001000304Z",
+                b"0001320304Z",
+                b"0001022404Z",
+                b"0001020360Z",
+                b"0002300304Z",
+                b"0001020304",
+                b"0001020304T",
+                b"0001020304+",
+                b"0001020304-",
+                b"0001020304+0",
+                b"0001020304+00",
+                b"0001020304+000",
+                b"0001020304+000Z",
+                b"0001020304+0000Z",
+                b"0001020304+-101",
+                b"0001020304+01-1",
+                b"0001020304+0060",
+                b"0001020304+1401",
+                b"5001010000+0001",
+                b"000102030Z",
+                b"0001020Z",
+        )):
+            with self.assertRaises(DecodeError):
+                UTCTime(data, ctx={"bered": True})
+            data = data[:8] + data[8+2:]
+            with self.assertRaises(DecodeError):
+                UTCTime(data, ctx={"bered": True})
+
+        for data in ((
+                # b"000102030405Z",
+                b"-10102030405Z",
+                b"00-102030405Z",
+                b"0001-2030405Z",
+                b"000102-30405Z",
+                b"000102-10405Z",
+                b"00000203-405Z",
+                b"0000020304-5Z",
+                b"+10102030405Z",
+                b"00+102030405Z",
+                b"0001+2030405Z",
+                b"000102+30405Z",
+                b"000102+10405Z",
+                b"00000203+405Z",
+                b"0000020304+5Z",
+                b" 10102030405Z",
+                b"00 102030405Z",
+                b"0001 2030405Z",
+                b"000102 30405Z",
+                b"000102 10405Z",
+                b"00000203 405Z",
+                b"0000020304 5Z",
+                b"1 0102030405Z",
+                b"001 02030405Z",
+                b"00012 030405Z",
+                b"0001023 0405Z",
+                b"0001021 0405Z",
+                b"000002034 05Z",
+                b"00000203045 Z",
+                b"001302030405Z",
+                b"000100030405Z",
+                b"000132030405Z",
+                b"000102240405Z",
+                b"000102036005Z",
+                b"000230030405Z",
+                b"000102030460Z",
+                b"000102030405",
+                b"000102030405T",
+                b"000102030405+",
+                b"000102030405-",
+                b"000102030405+0",
+                b"000102030405+00",
+                b"000102030405+000",
+                b"000102030405+000Z",
+                b"000102030405+0000Z",
+                b"000102030405+-101",
+                b"000102030405+01-1",
+                b"000102030405+0060",
+                b"000102030405+1401",
+                b"500101000002+0003",
+        )):
+            with self.assertRaises(DecodeError):
+                UTCTime(data, ctx={"bered": True})
+
     @given(integers(min_value=0, max_value=49))
     def test_pre50(self, year):
         self.assertEqual(
     @given(integers(min_value=0, max_value=49))
     def test_pre50(self, year):
         self.assertEqual(
@@ -3150,6 +4645,27 @@ class TestUTCTime(TimeMixin, CommonMixin, TestCase):
             1900 + year,
         )
 
             1900 + year,
         )
 
+    @given(
+        binary(
+            min_size=(LEN_YYMMDDHHMMSSZ - 1) // 2,
+            max_size=(LEN_YYMMDDHHMMSSZ - 1) // 2,
+        ),
+        binary(min_size=1, max_size=1),
+        binary(
+            min_size=(LEN_YYMMDDHHMMSSZ - 1) // 2,
+            max_size=(LEN_YYMMDDHHMMSSZ - 1) // 2,
+        ),
+    )
+    def test_junk(self, part0, part1, part2):
+        junk = part0 + part1 + part2
+        assume(not (set(junk) <= set(digits.encode("ascii"))))
+        with self.assertRaises(DecodeError):
+            UTCTime().decode(
+                UTCTime.tag_default +
+                len_encode(len(junk)) +
+                junk
+            )
+
 
 @composite
 def any_values_strategy(draw, do_expl=False):
 
 @composite
 def any_values_strategy(draw, do_expl=False):
@@ -3188,14 +4704,16 @@ class TestAny(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         obj = Any()
         self.assertFalse(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
         obj = Any()
         self.assertFalse(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
-        pprint(obj)
+        list(obj.pps())
+        pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
         with self.assertRaises(ObjNotReady) as err:
             obj.encode()
         repr(err.exception)
         obj = Any(value)
         self.assertTrue(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
         with self.assertRaises(ObjNotReady) as err:
             obj.encode()
         repr(err.exception)
         obj = Any(value)
         self.assertTrue(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
-        pprint(obj)
+        list(obj.pps())
+        pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
 
     @given(integers())
     def test_basic(self, value):
 
     @given(integers())
     def test_basic(self, value):
@@ -3211,10 +4729,11 @@ class TestAny(CommonMixin, TestCase):
                 len(integer_encoded),
             )
             repr(obj)
                 len(integer_encoded),
             )
             repr(obj)
-            pprint(obj)
+            list(obj.pps())
+            pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
             self.assertSequenceEqual(obj.encode(), integer_encoded)
 
             self.assertSequenceEqual(obj.encode(), integer_encoded)
 
-    @given(binary(), binary())
+    @given(binary(min_size=1), binary(min_size=1))
     def test_comparison(self, value1, value2):
         for klass in (Any, AnyInherited):
             obj1 = klass(value1)
     def test_comparison(self, value1, value2):
         for klass in (Any, AnyInherited):
             obj1 = klass(value1)
@@ -3266,9 +4785,10 @@ class TestAny(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     def test_copy(self, values):
         for klass in (Any, AnyInherited):
             obj = klass(*values)
     def test_copy(self, values):
         for klass in (Any, AnyInherited):
             obj = klass(*values)
-            obj_copied = obj.copy()
-            self.assert_copied_basic_fields(obj, obj_copied)
-            self.assertEqual(obj._value, obj_copied._value)
+            for copy_func in copy_funcs:
+                obj_copied = copy_func(obj)
+                self.assert_copied_basic_fields(obj, obj_copied)
+                self.assertEqual(obj._value, obj_copied._value)
 
     @given(binary().map(OctetString))
     def test_stripped(self, value):
 
     @given(binary().map(OctetString))
     def test_stripped(self, value):
@@ -3288,10 +4808,9 @@ class TestAny(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=31),
         integers(min_value=0),
     @given(
         integers(min_value=31),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_tag(self, tag, offset, decode_path):
     )
     def test_bad_tag(self, tag, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             Any().decode(
                 tag_encode(tag)[:-1],
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             Any().decode(
                 tag_encode(tag)[:-1],
@@ -3305,10 +4824,9 @@ class TestAny(CommonMixin, TestCase):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=128),
         integers(min_value=0),
     @given(
         integers(min_value=128),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_len(self, l, offset, decode_path):
     )
     def test_bad_len(self, l, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             Any().decode(
                 Any.tag_default + len_encode(l)[:-1],
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             Any().decode(
                 Any.tag_default + len_encode(l)[:-1],
@@ -3325,24 +4843,34 @@ class TestAny(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         integers().map(lambda x: Integer(x).encode()),
         integers(min_value=1).map(tag_ctxc),
         integers(min_value=0),
         integers().map(lambda x: Integer(x).encode()),
         integers(min_value=1).map(tag_ctxc),
         integers(min_value=0),
+        binary(max_size=5),
     )
     )
-    def test_symmetric(self, values, value, tag_expl, offset):
+    def test_symmetric(self, values, value, tag_expl, offset, tail_junk):
         for klass in (Any, AnyInherited):
             _, _, optional, _decoded = values
             obj = klass(value=value, optional=optional, _decoded=_decoded)
             repr(obj)
         for klass in (Any, AnyInherited):
             _, _, optional, _decoded = values
             obj = klass(value=value, optional=optional, _decoded=_decoded)
             repr(obj)
-            pprint(obj)
+            list(obj.pps())
+            pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
             self.assertFalse(obj.expled)
             obj_encoded = obj.encode()
             obj_expled = obj(value, expl=tag_expl)
             self.assertTrue(obj_expled.expled)
             repr(obj_expled)
             self.assertFalse(obj.expled)
             obj_encoded = obj.encode()
             obj_expled = obj(value, expl=tag_expl)
             self.assertTrue(obj_expled.expled)
             repr(obj_expled)
-            pprint(obj_expled)
+            list(obj_expled.pps())
+            pprint(obj_expled, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
             obj_expled_encoded = obj_expled.encode()
             obj_expled_encoded = obj_expled.encode()
-            obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(obj_expled_encoded, offset=offset)
+            ctx_copied = deepcopy(ctx_dummy)
+            obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(
+                obj_expled_encoded + tail_junk,
+                offset=offset,
+                ctx=ctx_copied,
+            )
+            self.assertDictEqual(ctx_copied, ctx_dummy)
             repr(obj_decoded)
             repr(obj_decoded)
-            pprint(obj_decoded)
-            self.assertEqual(tail, b"")
+            list(obj_decoded.pps())
+            pprint(obj_decoded, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
+            self.assertEqual(tail, tail_junk)
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded, obj_expled)
             self.assertEqual(bytes(obj_decoded), bytes(obj_expled))
             self.assertEqual(bytes(obj_decoded), bytes(obj))
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded, obj_expled)
             self.assertEqual(bytes(obj_decoded), bytes(obj_expled))
             self.assertEqual(bytes(obj_decoded), bytes(obj))
@@ -3363,18 +4891,120 @@ class TestAny(CommonMixin, TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.tlen, 0)
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.llen, 0)
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.vlen, len(value))
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.tlen, 0)
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.llen, 0)
             self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.vlen, len(value))
+            assert_exceeding_data(
+                self,
+                lambda: obj_expled.decod(obj_expled_encoded + tail_junk),
+                tail_junk,
+            )
+
+    @given(
+        integers(min_value=1).map(tag_ctxc),
+        integers(min_value=0, max_value=3),
+        integers(min_value=0),
+        decode_path_strat,
+        binary(),
+    )
+    def test_indefinite(self, expl, chunks, offset, decode_path, junk):
+        chunk = Boolean(False, expl=expl).encode()
+        encoded = (
+            OctetString.tag_default +
+            LENINDEF +
+            b"".join([chunk] * chunks) +
+            EOC
+        )
+        with self.assertRaises(LenIndefForm):
+            Any().decode(
+                encoded + junk,
+                offset=offset,
+                decode_path=decode_path,
+            )
+        obj, tail = Any().decode(
+            encoded + junk,
+            offset=offset,
+            decode_path=decode_path,
+            ctx={"bered": True},
+        )
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(tail, junk)
+        self.assertEqual(obj.offset, offset)
+        self.assertEqual(obj.tlvlen, len(encoded))
+        self.assertTrue(obj.lenindef)
+        self.assertFalse(obj.ber_encoded)
+        self.assertTrue(obj.bered)
+        obj = copy(obj)
+        self.assertTrue(obj.lenindef)
+        self.assertFalse(obj.ber_encoded)
+        self.assertTrue(obj.bered)
+        repr(obj)
+        list(obj.pps())
+        pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
+        with self.assertRaises(NotEnoughData) as err:
+            Any().decode(
+                encoded[:-1],
+                offset=offset,
+                decode_path=decode_path,
+                ctx={"bered": True},
+            )
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.offset, offset + 1 + 1 + len(chunk) * chunks)
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.decode_path, decode_path + (str(chunks),))
+
+        class SeqOf(SequenceOf):
+            schema = Boolean(expl=expl)
+
+        class Seq(Sequence):
+            schema = (
+                ("type", ObjectIdentifier(defines=((("value",), {
+                    ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3"): SeqOf(impl=OctetString.tag_default),
+                }),))),
+                ("value", Any()),
+            )
+        seq = Seq((
+            ("type", ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3")),
+            ("value", Any(encoded)),
+        ))
+        seq_encoded = seq.encode()
+        seq_decoded, _ = Seq().decode(seq_encoded, ctx={"bered": True})
+        self.assertIsNotNone(seq_decoded["value"].defined)
+        repr(seq_decoded)
+        list(seq_decoded.pps())
+        pprint(seq_decoded, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
+        self.assertTrue(seq_decoded.bered)
+        self.assertFalse(seq_decoded["type"].bered)
+        self.assertTrue(seq_decoded["value"].bered)
+
+        chunk = chunk[:-1] + b"\x01"
+        chunks = b"".join([chunk] * (chunks + 1))
+        encoded = OctetString.tag_default + len_encode(len(chunks)) + chunks
+        seq = Seq((
+            ("type", ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3")),
+            ("value", Any(encoded)),
+        ))
+        seq_encoded = seq.encode()
+        seq_decoded, _ = Seq().decode(seq_encoded, ctx={"bered": True})
+        self.assertIsNotNone(seq_decoded["value"].defined)
+        repr(seq_decoded)
+        list(seq_decoded.pps())
+        pprint(seq_decoded, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
+        self.assertTrue(seq_decoded.bered)
+        self.assertFalse(seq_decoded["type"].bered)
+        self.assertTrue(seq_decoded["value"].bered)
 
 
 @composite
 def choice_values_strategy(draw, value_required=False, schema=None, do_expl=False):
     if schema is None:
         names = list(draw(sets(text_letters(), min_size=1, max_size=5)))
 
 
 @composite
 def choice_values_strategy(draw, value_required=False, schema=None, do_expl=False):
     if schema is None:
         names = list(draw(sets(text_letters(), min_size=1, max_size=5)))
-        tags = [tag_encode(tag) for tag in draw(sets(
-            integers(min_value=0),
+        tags = [{tag_type: tag_value} for tag_type, tag_value in draw(sets(
+            one_of(
+                tuples(just("impl"), integers(min_value=0).map(tag_encode)),
+                tuples(just("expl"), integers(min_value=0).map(tag_ctxp)),
+            ),
             min_size=len(names),
             max_size=len(names),
         ))]
             min_size=len(names),
             max_size=len(names),
         ))]
-        schema = [(name, Integer(impl=tag)) for name, tag in zip(names, tags)]
+        schema = [
+            (name, Integer(**tag_kwargs))
+            for name, tag_kwargs in zip(names, tags)
+        ]
     value = None
     if value_required or draw(booleans()):
         value = draw(tuples(
     value = None
     if value_required or draw(booleans()):
         value = draw(tuples(
@@ -3438,7 +5068,8 @@ class TestChoice(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         obj = self.base_klass()
         self.assertFalse(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
         obj = self.base_klass()
         self.assertFalse(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
-        pprint(obj)
+        list(obj.pps())
+        pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
         self.assertIsNone(obj["whatever"])
         with self.assertRaises(ObjNotReady) as err:
             obj.encode()
         self.assertIsNone(obj["whatever"])
         with self.assertRaises(ObjNotReady) as err:
             obj.encode()
@@ -3446,11 +5077,13 @@ class TestChoice(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         obj["whatever"] = Boolean()
         self.assertFalse(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
         obj["whatever"] = Boolean()
         self.assertFalse(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
-        pprint(obj)
+        list(obj.pps())
+        pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
         obj["whatever"] = Boolean(value)
         self.assertTrue(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
         obj["whatever"] = Boolean(value)
         self.assertTrue(obj.ready)
         repr(obj)
-        pprint(obj)
+        list(obj.pps())
+        pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
 
     @given(booleans(), booleans())
     def test_comparison(self, value1, value2):
 
     @given(booleans(), booleans())
     def test_comparison(self, value1, value2):
@@ -3529,6 +5162,7 @@ class TestChoice(CommonMixin, TestCase):
 
         class Wahl(self.base_klass):
             schema = _schema
 
         class Wahl(self.base_klass):
             schema = _schema
+        register_class(Wahl)
         obj = Wahl(
             value=value,
             expl=expl,
         obj = Wahl(
             value=value,
             expl=expl,
@@ -3536,15 +5170,17 @@ class TestChoice(CommonMixin, TestCase):
             optional=optional or False,
             _decoded=_decoded,
         )
             optional=optional or False,
             _decoded=_decoded,
         )
-        obj_copied = obj.copy()
-        self.assertIsNone(obj.tag)
-        self.assertIsNone(obj_copied.tag)
-        # hack for assert_copied_basic_fields
-        obj.tag = "whatever"
-        obj_copied.tag = "whatever"
-        self.assert_copied_basic_fields(obj, obj_copied)
-        self.assertEqual(obj._value, obj_copied._value)
-        self.assertEqual(obj.specs, obj_copied.specs)
+        for copy_func in copy_funcs:
+            obj_copied = copy_func(obj)
+            self.assertIsNone(obj.tag)
+            self.assertIsNone(obj_copied.tag)
+            # hack for assert_copied_basic_fields
+            obj.tag = "whatever"
+            obj_copied.tag = "whatever"
+            self.assert_copied_basic_fields(obj, obj_copied)
+            obj.tag = None
+            self.assertEqual(obj._value, obj_copied._value)
+            self.assertEqual(obj.specs, obj_copied.specs)
 
     @given(booleans())
     def test_stripped(self, value):
 
     @given(booleans())
     def test_stripped(self, value):
@@ -3569,6 +5205,7 @@ class TestChoice(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         )
         tag_expl = tag_ctxc(d.draw(integers(min_value=1)))
         offset = d.draw(integers(min_value=0))
         )
         tag_expl = tag_ctxc(d.draw(integers(min_value=1)))
         offset = d.draw(integers(min_value=0))
+        tail_junk = d.draw(binary(max_size=5))
 
         class Wahl(self.base_klass):
             schema = _schema
 
         class Wahl(self.base_klass):
             schema = _schema
@@ -3579,18 +5216,27 @@ class TestChoice(CommonMixin, TestCase):
             _decoded=_decoded,
         )
         repr(obj)
             _decoded=_decoded,
         )
         repr(obj)
-        pprint(obj)
+        list(obj.pps())
+        pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
         self.assertFalse(obj.expled)
         obj_encoded = obj.encode()
         obj_expled = obj(value, expl=tag_expl)
         self.assertTrue(obj_expled.expled)
         repr(obj_expled)
         self.assertFalse(obj.expled)
         obj_encoded = obj.encode()
         obj_expled = obj(value, expl=tag_expl)
         self.assertTrue(obj_expled.expled)
         repr(obj_expled)
-        pprint(obj_expled)
+        list(obj_expled.pps())
+        pprint(obj_expled, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
         obj_expled_encoded = obj_expled.encode()
         obj_expled_encoded = obj_expled.encode()
-        obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(obj_expled_encoded, offset=offset)
+        ctx_copied = deepcopy(ctx_dummy)
+        obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(
+            obj_expled_encoded + tail_junk,
+            offset=offset,
+            ctx=ctx_copied,
+        )
+        self.assertDictEqual(ctx_copied, ctx_dummy)
         repr(obj_decoded)
         repr(obj_decoded)
-        pprint(obj_decoded)
-        self.assertEqual(tail, b"")
+        list(obj_decoded.pps())
+        pprint(obj_decoded, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
+        self.assertEqual(tail, tail_junk)
         self.assertEqual(obj_decoded, obj_expled)
         self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.choice, obj_expled.choice)
         self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.value, obj_expled.value)
         self.assertEqual(obj_decoded, obj_expled)
         self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.choice, obj_expled.choice)
         self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.value, obj_expled.value)
@@ -3612,11 +5258,16 @@ class TestChoice(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.expl_offset, offset)
         self.assertSequenceEqual(
             obj_expled_encoded[
         self.assertEqual(obj_decoded.expl_offset, offset)
         self.assertSequenceEqual(
             obj_expled_encoded[
-                obj_decoded.value.offset - offset:
-                obj_decoded.value.offset + obj_decoded.value.tlvlen - offset
+                obj_decoded.value.fulloffset - offset:
+                obj_decoded.value.fulloffset + obj_decoded.value.fulllen - offset
             ],
             obj_encoded,
         )
             ],
             obj_encoded,
         )
+        assert_exceeding_data(
+            self,
+            lambda: obj_expled.decod(obj_expled_encoded + tail_junk),
+            tail_junk,
+        )
 
     @given(integers())
     def test_set_get(self, value):
 
     @given(integers())
     def test_set_get(self, value):
@@ -3650,21 +5301,39 @@ class TestChoice(CommonMixin, TestCase):
         with self.assertRaises(TagMismatch):
             obj.decode(int_encoded)
 
         with self.assertRaises(TagMismatch):
             obj.decode(int_encoded)
 
+    def test_tag_mismatch_underlying(self):
+        class SeqOfBoolean(SequenceOf):
+            schema = Boolean()
+
+        class SeqOfInteger(SequenceOf):
+            schema = Integer()
+
+        class Wahl(Choice):
+            schema = (
+                ("erste", SeqOfBoolean()),
+            )
+
+        int_encoded = SeqOfInteger((Integer(123),)).encode()
+        bool_encoded = SeqOfBoolean((Boolean(False),)).encode()
+        obj = Wahl()
+        obj.decode(bool_encoded)
+        with self.assertRaises(TagMismatch) as err:
+            obj.decode(int_encoded)
+        self.assertEqual(err.exception.decode_path, ("erste", "0"))
+
 
 @composite
 def seq_values_strategy(draw, seq_klass, do_expl=False):
     value = None
     if draw(booleans()):
         value = seq_klass()
 
 @composite
 def seq_values_strategy(draw, seq_klass, do_expl=False):
     value = None
     if draw(booleans()):
         value = seq_klass()
-        value._value = {
-            k: v for k, v in draw(dictionaries(
-                integers(),
-                one_of(
-                    booleans().map(Boolean),
-                    integers().map(Integer),
-                ),
-            )).items()
-        }
+        value._value = draw(dictionaries(
+            integers(),
+            one_of(
+                booleans().map(Boolean),
+                integers().map(Integer),
+            ),
+        ))
     schema = None
     if draw(booleans()):
         schema = list(draw(dictionaries(
     schema = None
     if draw(booleans()):
         schema = list(draw(dictionaries(
@@ -3683,15 +5352,13 @@ def seq_values_strategy(draw, seq_klass, do_expl=False):
     default = None
     if draw(booleans()):
         default = seq_klass()
     default = None
     if draw(booleans()):
         default = seq_klass()
-        default._value = {
-            k: v for k, v in draw(dictionaries(
-                integers(),
-                one_of(
-                    booleans().map(Boolean),
-                    integers().map(Integer),
-                ),
-            )).items()
-        }
+        default._value = draw(dictionaries(
+            integers(),
+            one_of(
+                booleans().map(Boolean),
+                integers().map(Integer),
+            ),
+        ))
     optional = draw(one_of(none(), booleans()))
     _decoded = (
         draw(integers(min_value=0)),
     optional = draw(one_of(none(), booleans()))
     _decoded = (
         draw(integers(min_value=0)),
@@ -3825,7 +5492,7 @@ def sequences_strategy(draw, seq_klass):
 class SeqMixing(object):
     def test_invalid_value_type(self):
         with self.assertRaises(InvalidValueType) as err:
 class SeqMixing(object):
     def test_invalid_value_type(self):
         with self.assertRaises(InvalidValueType) as err:
-            self.base_klass((1, 2, 3))
+            self.base_klass(123)
         repr(err.exception)
 
     def test_invalid_value_type_set(self):
         repr(err.exception)
 
     def test_invalid_value_type_set(self):
@@ -3871,12 +5538,14 @@ class SeqMixing(object):
             seq[name] = Boolean()
         self.assertFalse(seq.ready)
         repr(seq)
             seq[name] = Boolean()
         self.assertFalse(seq.ready)
         repr(seq)
-        pprint(seq)
+        list(seq.pps())
+        pprint(seq, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
         for name, value in ready.items():
             seq[name] = Boolean(value)
         self.assertFalse(seq.ready)
         repr(seq)
         for name, value in ready.items():
             seq[name] = Boolean(value)
         self.assertFalse(seq.ready)
         repr(seq)
-        pprint(seq)
+        list(seq.pps())
+        pprint(seq, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
         with self.assertRaises(ObjNotReady) as err:
             seq.encode()
         repr(err.exception)
         with self.assertRaises(ObjNotReady) as err:
             seq.encode()
         repr(err.exception)
@@ -3884,7 +5553,8 @@ class SeqMixing(object):
             seq[name] = Boolean(value)
         self.assertTrue(seq.ready)
         repr(seq)
             seq[name] = Boolean(value)
         self.assertTrue(seq.ready)
         repr(seq)
-        pprint(seq)
+        list(seq.pps())
+        pprint(seq, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
 
     @given(data_strategy())
     def test_call(self, d):
 
     @given(data_strategy())
     def test_call(self, d):
@@ -3946,13 +5616,15 @@ class SeqMixing(object):
     def test_copy(self, d):
         class SeqInherited(self.base_klass):
             pass
     def test_copy(self, d):
         class SeqInherited(self.base_klass):
             pass
+        register_class(SeqInherited)
         for klass in (self.base_klass, SeqInherited):
             values = d.draw(seq_values_strategy(seq_klass=klass))
             obj = klass(*values)
         for klass in (self.base_klass, SeqInherited):
             values = d.draw(seq_values_strategy(seq_klass=klass))
             obj = klass(*values)
-            obj_copied = obj.copy()
-            self.assert_copied_basic_fields(obj, obj_copied)
-            self.assertEqual(obj.specs, obj_copied.specs)
-            self.assertEqual(obj._value, obj_copied._value)
+            for copy_func in copy_funcs:
+                obj_copied = copy_func(obj)
+                self.assert_copied_basic_fields(obj, obj_copied)
+                self.assertEqual(obj.specs, obj_copied.specs)
+                self.assertEqual(obj._value, obj_copied._value)
 
     @given(data_strategy())
     def test_stripped(self, d):
 
     @given(data_strategy())
     def test_stripped(self, d):
@@ -4006,10 +5678,9 @@ class SeqMixing(object):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=31),
         integers(min_value=0),
     @given(
         integers(min_value=31),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_tag(self, tag, offset, decode_path):
     )
     def test_bad_tag(self, tag, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             self.base_klass().decode(
                 tag_encode(tag)[:-1],
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             self.base_klass().decode(
                 tag_encode(tag)[:-1],
@@ -4023,10 +5694,9 @@ class SeqMixing(object):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=128),
         integers(min_value=0),
     @given(
         integers(min_value=128),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_len(self, l, offset, decode_path):
     )
     def test_bad_len(self, l, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             self.base_klass().decode(
                 self.base_klass.tag_default + len_encode(l)[:-1],
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             self.base_klass().decode(
                 self.base_klass.tag_default + len_encode(l)[:-1],
@@ -4056,31 +5726,75 @@ class SeqMixing(object):
     @given(data_strategy())
     def test_symmetric(self, d):
         seq, expects = d.draw(sequence_strategy(seq_klass=self.base_klass))
     @given(data_strategy())
     def test_symmetric(self, d):
         seq, expects = d.draw(sequence_strategy(seq_klass=self.base_klass))
+        tail_junk = d.draw(binary(max_size=5))
         self.assertTrue(seq.ready)
         self.assertFalse(seq.decoded)
         self._assert_expects(seq, expects)
         repr(seq)
         self.assertTrue(seq.ready)
         self.assertFalse(seq.decoded)
         self._assert_expects(seq, expects)
         repr(seq)
-        pprint(seq)
-        seq_encoded = seq.encode()
-        seq_decoded, tail = seq.decode(seq_encoded)
-        self.assertEqual(tail, b"")
+        list(seq.pps())
+        pprint(seq, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
         self.assertTrue(seq.ready)
         self.assertTrue(seq.ready)
-        self._assert_expects(seq_decoded, expects)
-        self.assertEqual(seq, seq_decoded)
-        self.assertEqual(seq_decoded.encode(), seq_encoded)
-        for expect in expects:
-            if not expect["presented"]:
-                self.assertNotIn(expect["name"], seq_decoded)
-                continue
-            self.assertIn(expect["name"], seq_decoded)
-            obj = seq_decoded[expect["name"]]
-            self.assertTrue(obj.decoded)
-            offset = obj.expl_offset if obj.expled else obj.offset
-            tlvlen = obj.expl_tlvlen if obj.expled else obj.tlvlen
-            self.assertSequenceEqual(
-                seq_encoded[offset:offset + tlvlen],
-                obj.encode(),
-            )
+        seq_encoded = seq.encode()
+        seq_decoded, tail = seq.decode(seq_encoded + tail_junk)
+        self.assertFalse(seq_decoded.lenindef)
+        self.assertFalse(seq_decoded.ber_encoded)
+        self.assertFalse(seq_decoded.bered)
+
+        t, _, lv = tag_strip(seq_encoded)
+        _, _, v = len_decode(lv)
+        seq_encoded_lenindef = t + LENINDEF + v + EOC
+        with self.assertRaises(DecodeError):
+            seq.decode(seq_encoded_lenindef)
+        ctx_copied = deepcopy(ctx_dummy)
+        ctx_copied["bered"] = True
+        seq_decoded_lenindef, tail_lenindef = seq.decode(
+            seq_encoded_lenindef + tail_junk,
+            ctx=ctx_copied,
+        )
+        del ctx_copied["bered"]
+        self.assertDictEqual(ctx_copied, ctx_dummy)
+        self.assertTrue(seq_decoded_lenindef.lenindef)
+        self.assertTrue(seq_decoded_lenindef.bered)
+        seq_decoded_lenindef = copy(seq_decoded_lenindef)
+        self.assertTrue(seq_decoded_lenindef.lenindef)
+        self.assertTrue(seq_decoded_lenindef.bered)
+        with self.assertRaises(DecodeError):
+            seq.decode(seq_encoded_lenindef[:-1], ctx={"bered": True})
+        with self.assertRaises(DecodeError):
+            seq.decode(seq_encoded_lenindef[:-2], ctx={"bered": True})
+        repr(seq_decoded_lenindef)
+        list(seq_decoded_lenindef.pps())
+        pprint(seq_decoded_lenindef, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
+        self.assertTrue(seq_decoded_lenindef.ready)
+
+        for decoded, decoded_tail, encoded in (
+                (seq_decoded, tail, seq_encoded),
+                (seq_decoded_lenindef, tail_lenindef, seq_encoded_lenindef),
+        ):
+            self.assertEqual(decoded_tail, tail_junk)
+            self._assert_expects(decoded, expects)
+            self.assertEqual(seq, decoded)
+            self.assertEqual(decoded.encode(), seq_encoded)
+            self.assertEqual(decoded.tlvlen, len(encoded))
+            for expect in expects:
+                if not expect["presented"]:
+                    self.assertNotIn(expect["name"], decoded)
+                    continue
+                self.assertIn(expect["name"], decoded)
+                obj = decoded[expect["name"]]
+                self.assertTrue(obj.decoded)
+                offset = obj.expl_offset if obj.expled else obj.offset
+                tlvlen = obj.expl_tlvlen if obj.expled else obj.tlvlen
+                self.assertSequenceEqual(
+                    seq_encoded[offset:offset + tlvlen],
+                    obj.encode(),
+                )
+
+        assert_exceeding_data(
+            self,
+            lambda: seq.decod(seq_encoded_lenindef + tail_junk, ctx={"bered": True}),
+            tail_junk,
+        )
 
     @settings(max_examples=LONG_TEST_MAX_EXAMPLES)
     @given(data_strategy())
 
     @settings(max_examples=LONG_TEST_MAX_EXAMPLES)
     @given(data_strategy())
@@ -4133,14 +5847,14 @@ class SeqMixing(object):
         self.assertSequenceEqual(seq.encode(), empty_seq)
 
     @given(data_strategy())
         self.assertSequenceEqual(seq.encode(), empty_seq)
 
     @given(data_strategy())
-    def test_encoded_default_accepted(self, d):
+    def test_encoded_default_not_accepted(self, d):
         _schema = list(d.draw(dictionaries(
             text_letters(),
             integers(),
             min_size=1,
         )).items())
         tags = [tag_encode(tag) for tag in d.draw(sets(
         _schema = list(d.draw(dictionaries(
             text_letters(),
             integers(),
             min_size=1,
         )).items())
         tags = [tag_encode(tag) for tag in d.draw(sets(
-            integers(min_value=0),
+            integers(min_value=1),
             min_size=len(_schema),
             max_size=len(_schema),
         ))]
             min_size=len(_schema),
             max_size=len(_schema),
         ))]
@@ -4161,16 +5875,24 @@ class SeqMixing(object):
                 for (n, v), t in zip(_schema, tags)
             ]
         seq_with_default = SeqWithDefault()
                 for (n, v), t in zip(_schema, tags)
             ]
         seq_with_default = SeqWithDefault()
-        seq_decoded, _ = seq_with_default.decode(seq_encoded)
-        for name, value in _schema:
-            self.assertEqual(seq_decoded[name], seq_with_default[name])
-            self.assertEqual(seq_decoded[name], value)
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "DEFAULT value met"):
+            seq_with_default.decode(seq_encoded)
+        for ctx in ({"bered": True}, {"allow_default_values": True}):
+            seq_decoded, _ = seq_with_default.decode(seq_encoded, ctx=ctx)
+            self.assertTrue(seq_decoded.ber_encoded)
+            self.assertTrue(seq_decoded.bered)
+            seq_decoded = copy(seq_decoded)
+            self.assertTrue(seq_decoded.ber_encoded)
+            self.assertTrue(seq_decoded.bered)
+            for name, value in _schema:
+                self.assertEqual(seq_decoded[name], seq_with_default[name])
+                self.assertEqual(seq_decoded[name], value)
 
     @given(data_strategy())
     def test_missing_from_spec(self, d):
         names = list(d.draw(sets(text_letters(), min_size=2)))
         tags = [tag_encode(tag) for tag in d.draw(sets(
 
     @given(data_strategy())
     def test_missing_from_spec(self, d):
         names = list(d.draw(sets(text_letters(), min_size=2)))
         tags = [tag_encode(tag) for tag in d.draw(sets(
-            integers(min_value=0),
+            integers(min_value=1),
             min_size=len(names),
             max_size=len(names),
         ))]
             min_size=len(names),
             max_size=len(names),
         ))]
@@ -4190,6 +5912,40 @@ class SeqMixing(object):
         with self.assertRaises(TagMismatch):
             seq_missing.decode(seq_encoded)
 
         with self.assertRaises(TagMismatch):
             seq_missing.decode(seq_encoded)
 
+    def test_bered(self):
+        class Seq(self.base_klass):
+            schema = (("underlying", Boolean()),)
+        encoded = Boolean.tag_default + len_encode(1) + b"\x01"
+        encoded = Seq.tag_default + len_encode(len(encoded)) + encoded
+        decoded, _ = Seq().decode(encoded, ctx={"bered": True})
+        self.assertFalse(decoded.ber_encoded)
+        self.assertFalse(decoded.lenindef)
+        self.assertTrue(decoded.bered)
+        decoded = copy(decoded)
+        self.assertFalse(decoded.ber_encoded)
+        self.assertFalse(decoded.lenindef)
+        self.assertTrue(decoded.bered)
+
+        class Seq(self.base_klass):
+            schema = (("underlying", OctetString()),)
+        encoded = (
+            tag_encode(form=TagFormConstructed, num=4) +
+            LENINDEF +
+            OctetString(b"whatever").encode() +
+            EOC
+        )
+        encoded = Seq.tag_default + len_encode(len(encoded)) + encoded
+        with self.assertRaises(DecodeError):
+            Seq().decode(encoded)
+        decoded, _ = Seq().decode(encoded, ctx={"bered": True})
+        self.assertFalse(decoded.ber_encoded)
+        self.assertFalse(decoded.lenindef)
+        self.assertTrue(decoded.bered)
+        decoded = copy(decoded)
+        self.assertFalse(decoded.ber_encoded)
+        self.assertFalse(decoded.lenindef)
+        self.assertTrue(decoded.bered)
+
 
 class TestSequence(SeqMixing, CommonMixin, TestCase):
     base_klass = Sequence
 
 class TestSequence(SeqMixing, CommonMixin, TestCase):
     base_klass = Sequence
@@ -4226,6 +5982,16 @@ class TestSequence(SeqMixing, CommonMixin, TestCase):
             seq[missing] = Boolean()
         repr(err.exception)
 
             seq[missing] = Boolean()
         repr(err.exception)
 
+    def test_x690_vector(self):
+        class Seq(Sequence):
+            schema = (
+                ("name", IA5String()),
+                ("ok", Boolean()),
+            )
+        seq = Seq().decode(hexdec("300A1605536d6974680101FF"))[0]
+        self.assertEqual(seq["name"], "Smith")
+        self.assertEqual(seq["ok"], True)
+
 
 class TestSet(SeqMixing, CommonMixin, TestCase):
     base_klass = Set
 
 class TestSet(SeqMixing, CommonMixin, TestCase):
     base_klass = Set
@@ -4250,6 +6016,39 @@ class TestSet(SeqMixing, CommonMixin, TestCase):
             b"".join(sorted([seq[name].encode() for name, _ in Seq.schema])),
         )
 
             b"".join(sorted([seq[name].encode() for name, _ in Seq.schema])),
         )
 
+    @settings(max_examples=LONG_TEST_MAX_EXAMPLES)
+    @given(data_strategy())
+    def test_unsorted(self, d):
+        tags = [
+            tag_encode(tag) for tag in
+            d.draw(sets(integers(min_value=1), min_size=2, max_size=5))
+        ]
+        tags = d.draw(permutations(tags))
+        assume(tags != sorted(tags))
+        encoded = b"".join(OctetString(t, impl=t).encode() for t in tags)
+        seq_encoded = b"".join((
+            Set.tag_default,
+            len_encode(len(encoded)),
+            encoded,
+        ))
+
+        class Seq(Set):
+            schema = [(str(i), OctetString(impl=t)) for i, t in enumerate(tags)]
+        seq = Seq()
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "unordered SET"):
+            seq.decode(seq_encoded)
+        for ctx in ({"bered": True}, {"allow_unordered_set": True}):
+            seq_decoded, _ = Seq().decode(seq_encoded, ctx=ctx)
+            self.assertTrue(seq_decoded.ber_encoded)
+            self.assertTrue(seq_decoded.bered)
+            seq_decoded = copy(seq_decoded)
+            self.assertTrue(seq_decoded.ber_encoded)
+            self.assertTrue(seq_decoded.bered)
+            self.assertSequenceEqual(
+                [bytes(seq_decoded[str(i)]) for i, t in enumerate(tags)],
+                tags,
+            )
+
 
 @composite
 def seqof_values_strategy(draw, schema=None, do_expl=False):
 
 @composite
 def seqof_values_strategy(draw, schema=None, do_expl=False):
@@ -4312,7 +6111,7 @@ class SeqOfMixing(object):
         with assertRaisesRegex(self, ValueError, "schema must be specified"):
             self.base_klass.__mro__[1]()
 
         with assertRaisesRegex(self, ValueError, "schema must be specified"):
             self.base_klass.__mro__[1]()
 
-    @given(booleans(), booleans(), binary(), binary())
+    @given(booleans(), booleans(), binary(min_size=1), binary(min_size=1))
     def test_comparison(self, value1, value2, tag1, tag2):
         class SeqOf(self.base_klass):
             schema = Boolean()
     def test_comparison(self, value1, value2, tag1, tag2):
         class SeqOf(self.base_klass):
             schema = Boolean()
@@ -4356,7 +6155,8 @@ class SeqOfMixing(object):
             seqof.append(value)
         self.assertFalse(seqof.ready)
         repr(seqof)
             seqof.append(value)
         self.assertFalse(seqof.ready)
         repr(seqof)
-        pprint(seqof)
+        list(seqof.pps())
+        pprint(seqof, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
         with self.assertRaises(ObjNotReady) as err:
             seqof.encode()
         repr(err.exception)
         with self.assertRaises(ObjNotReady) as err:
             seqof.encode()
         repr(err.exception)
@@ -4366,7 +6166,8 @@ class SeqOfMixing(object):
                 seqof[i] = Integer(i)
         self.assertTrue(seqof.ready)
         repr(seqof)
                 seqof[i] = Integer(i)
         self.assertTrue(seqof.ready)
         repr(seqof)
-        pprint(seqof)
+        list(seqof.pps())
+        pprint(seqof, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
 
     def test_spec_mismatch(self):
         class SeqOf(self.base_klass):
 
     def test_spec_mismatch(self):
         class SeqOf(self.base_klass):
@@ -4393,17 +6194,27 @@ class SeqOfMixing(object):
             schema = Boolean()
         bound_min = d.draw(integers(min_value=1, max_value=1 << 7))
         bound_max = d.draw(integers(min_value=bound_min, max_value=1 << 7))
             schema = Boolean()
         bound_min = d.draw(integers(min_value=1, max_value=1 << 7))
         bound_max = d.draw(integers(min_value=bound_min, max_value=1 << 7))
-        value = [Boolean()] * d.draw(integers(max_value=bound_min - 1))
+        value = [Boolean(False)] * d.draw(integers(max_value=bound_min - 1))
         with self.assertRaises(BoundsError) as err:
             SeqOf(value=value, bounds=(bound_min, bound_max))
         repr(err.exception)
         with self.assertRaises(BoundsError) as err:
             SeqOf(value=value, bounds=(bound_min, bound_max))
         repr(err.exception)
-        value = [Boolean()] * d.draw(integers(
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "bounds") as err:
+            SeqOf(bounds=(bound_min, bound_max)).decode(
+                SeqOf(value).encode()
+            )
+        repr(err.exception)
+        value = [Boolean(True)] * d.draw(integers(
             min_value=bound_max + 1,
             max_value=bound_max + 10,
         ))
         with self.assertRaises(BoundsError) as err:
             SeqOf(value=value, bounds=(bound_min, bound_max))
         repr(err.exception)
             min_value=bound_max + 1,
             max_value=bound_max + 10,
         ))
         with self.assertRaises(BoundsError) as err:
             SeqOf(value=value, bounds=(bound_min, bound_max))
         repr(err.exception)
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "bounds") as err:
+            SeqOf(bounds=(bound_min, bound_max)).decode(
+                SeqOf(value).encode()
+            )
+        repr(err.exception)
 
     @given(integers(min_value=1, max_value=10))
     def test_out_of_bounds(self, bound_max):
 
     @given(integers(min_value=1, max_value=10))
     def test_out_of_bounds(self, bound_max):
@@ -4508,6 +6319,7 @@ class SeqOfMixing(object):
 
         class SeqOf(self.base_klass):
             schema = _schema
 
         class SeqOf(self.base_klass):
             schema = _schema
+        register_class(SeqOf)
         obj = SeqOf(
             value=value,
             bounds=bounds,
         obj = SeqOf(
             value=value,
             bounds=bounds,
@@ -4517,11 +6329,12 @@ class SeqOfMixing(object):
             optional=optional or False,
             _decoded=_decoded,
         )
             optional=optional or False,
             _decoded=_decoded,
         )
-        obj_copied = obj.copy()
-        self.assert_copied_basic_fields(obj, obj_copied)
-        self.assertEqual(obj._bound_min, obj_copied._bound_min)
-        self.assertEqual(obj._bound_max, obj_copied._bound_max)
-        self.assertEqual(obj._value, obj_copied._value)
+        for copy_func in copy_funcs:
+            obj_copied = copy_func(obj)
+            self.assert_copied_basic_fields(obj, obj_copied)
+            self.assertEqual(obj._bound_min, obj_copied._bound_min)
+            self.assertEqual(obj._bound_max, obj_copied._bound_max)
+            self.assertEqual(obj._value, obj_copied._value)
 
     @given(
         lists(binary()),
 
     @given(
         lists(binary()),
@@ -4548,10 +6361,9 @@ class SeqOfMixing(object):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=31),
         integers(min_value=0),
     @given(
         integers(min_value=31),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_tag(self, tag, offset, decode_path):
     )
     def test_bad_tag(self, tag, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             self.base_klass().decode(
                 tag_encode(tag)[:-1],
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             self.base_klass().decode(
                 tag_encode(tag)[:-1],
@@ -4565,10 +6377,9 @@ class SeqOfMixing(object):
     @given(
         integers(min_value=128),
         integers(min_value=0),
     @given(
         integers(min_value=128),
         integers(min_value=0),
-        lists(integers()),
+        decode_path_strat,
     )
     def test_bad_len(self, l, offset, decode_path):
     )
     def test_bad_len(self, l, offset, decode_path):
-        decode_path = tuple(str(i) for i in decode_path)
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             self.base_klass().decode(
                 self.base_klass.tag_default + len_encode(l)[:-1],
         with self.assertRaises(DecodeError) as err:
             self.base_klass().decode(
                 self.base_klass.tag_default + len_encode(l)[:-1],
@@ -4591,8 +6402,9 @@ class SeqOfMixing(object):
         lists(integers().map(Integer)),
         integers(min_value=1).map(tag_ctxc),
         integers(min_value=0),
         lists(integers().map(Integer)),
         integers(min_value=1).map(tag_ctxc),
         integers(min_value=0),
+        binary(max_size=5),
     )
     )
-    def test_symmetric(self, values, value, tag_expl, offset):
+    def test_symmetric(self, values, value, tag_expl, offset, tail_junk):
         _, _, _, _, _, default, optional, _decoded = values
 
         class SeqOf(self.base_klass):
         _, _, _, _, _, default, optional, _decoded = values
 
         class SeqOf(self.base_klass):
@@ -4604,18 +6416,27 @@ class SeqOfMixing(object):
             _decoded=_decoded,
         )
         repr(obj)
             _decoded=_decoded,
         )
         repr(obj)
-        pprint(obj)
+        list(obj.pps())
+        pprint(obj, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
         self.assertFalse(obj.expled)
         obj_encoded = obj.encode()
         obj_expled = obj(value, expl=tag_expl)
         self.assertTrue(obj_expled.expled)
         repr(obj_expled)
         self.assertFalse(obj.expled)
         obj_encoded = obj.encode()
         obj_expled = obj(value, expl=tag_expl)
         self.assertTrue(obj_expled.expled)
         repr(obj_expled)
-        pprint(obj_expled)
+        list(obj_expled.pps())
+        pprint(obj_expled, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
         obj_expled_encoded = obj_expled.encode()
         obj_expled_encoded = obj_expled.encode()
-        obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(obj_expled_encoded, offset=offset)
+        ctx_copied = deepcopy(ctx_dummy)
+        obj_decoded, tail = obj_expled.decode(
+            obj_expled_encoded + tail_junk,
+            offset=offset,
+            ctx=ctx_copied,
+        )
+        self.assertDictEqual(ctx_copied, ctx_dummy)
         repr(obj_decoded)
         repr(obj_decoded)
-        pprint(obj_decoded)
-        self.assertEqual(tail, b"")
+        list(obj_decoded.pps())
+        pprint(obj_decoded, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
+        self.assertEqual(tail, tail_junk)
         self._test_symmetric_compare_objs(obj_decoded, obj_expled)
         self.assertSequenceEqual(obj_decoded.encode(), obj_expled_encoded)
         self.assertSequenceEqual(obj_decoded.expl_tag, tag_expl)
         self._test_symmetric_compare_objs(obj_decoded, obj_expled)
         self.assertSequenceEqual(obj_decoded.encode(), obj_expled_encoded)
         self.assertSequenceEqual(obj_decoded.expl_tag, tag_expl)
@@ -4641,6 +6462,74 @@ class SeqOfMixing(object):
                 ],
             )
 
                 ],
             )
 
+        t, _, lv = tag_strip(obj_encoded)
+        _, _, v = len_decode(lv)
+        obj_encoded_lenindef = t + LENINDEF + v + EOC
+        with self.assertRaises(DecodeError):
+            obj.decode(obj_encoded_lenindef)
+        obj_decoded_lenindef, tail_lenindef = obj.decode(
+            obj_encoded_lenindef + tail_junk,
+            ctx={"bered": True},
+        )
+        self.assertTrue(obj_decoded_lenindef.lenindef)
+        self.assertTrue(obj_decoded_lenindef.bered)
+        obj_decoded_lenindef = copy(obj_decoded_lenindef)
+        self.assertTrue(obj_decoded_lenindef.lenindef)
+        self.assertTrue(obj_decoded_lenindef.bered)
+        repr(obj_decoded_lenindef)
+        list(obj_decoded_lenindef.pps())
+        pprint(obj_decoded_lenindef, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
+        self.assertEqual(tail_lenindef, tail_junk)
+        self.assertEqual(obj_decoded_lenindef.tlvlen, len(obj_encoded_lenindef))
+        with self.assertRaises(DecodeError):
+            obj.decode(obj_encoded_lenindef[:-1], ctx={"bered": True})
+        with self.assertRaises(DecodeError):
+            obj.decode(obj_encoded_lenindef[:-2], ctx={"bered": True})
+
+        assert_exceeding_data(
+            self,
+            lambda: obj_expled.decod(obj_expled_encoded + tail_junk),
+            tail_junk,
+        )
+
+    def test_bered(self):
+        class SeqOf(self.base_klass):
+            schema = Boolean()
+        encoded = Boolean(False).encode()
+        encoded += Boolean.tag_default + len_encode(1) + b"\x01"
+        encoded = SeqOf.tag_default + len_encode(len(encoded)) + encoded
+        with self.assertRaises(DecodeError):
+            SeqOf().decode(encoded)
+        decoded, _ = SeqOf().decode(encoded, ctx={"bered": True})
+        self.assertFalse(decoded.ber_encoded)
+        self.assertFalse(decoded.lenindef)
+        self.assertTrue(decoded.bered)
+        decoded = copy(decoded)
+        self.assertFalse(decoded.ber_encoded)
+        self.assertFalse(decoded.lenindef)
+        self.assertTrue(decoded.bered)
+
+        class SeqOf(self.base_klass):
+            schema = OctetString()
+        encoded = OctetString(b"whatever").encode()
+        encoded += (
+            tag_encode(form=TagFormConstructed, num=4) +
+            LENINDEF +
+            OctetString(b"whatever").encode() +
+            EOC
+        )
+        encoded = SeqOf.tag_default + len_encode(len(encoded)) + encoded
+        with self.assertRaises(DecodeError):
+            SeqOf().decode(encoded)
+        decoded, _ = SeqOf().decode(encoded, ctx={"bered": True})
+        self.assertFalse(decoded.ber_encoded)
+        self.assertFalse(decoded.lenindef)
+        self.assertTrue(decoded.bered)
+        decoded = copy(decoded)
+        self.assertFalse(decoded.ber_encoded)
+        self.assertFalse(decoded.lenindef)
+        self.assertTrue(decoded.bered)
+
 
 class TestSequenceOf(SeqOfMixing, CommonMixin, TestCase):
     class SeqOf(SequenceOf):
 
 class TestSequenceOf(SeqOfMixing, CommonMixin, TestCase):
     class SeqOf(SequenceOf):
@@ -4678,6 +6567,41 @@ class TestSetOf(SeqOfMixing, CommonMixin, TestCase):
             b"".join(sorted([v.encode() for v in values])),
         )
 
             b"".join(sorted([v.encode() for v in values])),
         )
 
+    @settings(max_examples=LONG_TEST_MAX_EXAMPLES)
+    @given(data_strategy())
+    def test_unsorted(self, d):
+        values = [OctetString(v).encode() for v in d.draw(sets(
+            binary(min_size=1, max_size=5),
+            min_size=2,
+            max_size=5,
+        ))]
+        values = d.draw(permutations(values))
+        assume(values != sorted(values))
+        encoded = b"".join(values)
+        seq_encoded = b"".join((
+            SetOf.tag_default,
+            len_encode(len(encoded)),
+            encoded,
+        ))
+
+        class Seq(SetOf):
+            schema = OctetString()
+        seq = Seq()
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "unordered SET OF"):
+            seq.decode(seq_encoded)
+
+        for ctx in ({"bered": True}, {"allow_unordered_set": True}):
+            seq_decoded, _ = Seq().decode(seq_encoded, ctx=ctx)
+            self.assertTrue(seq_decoded.ber_encoded)
+            self.assertTrue(seq_decoded.bered)
+            seq_decoded = copy(seq_decoded)
+            self.assertTrue(seq_decoded.ber_encoded)
+            self.assertTrue(seq_decoded.bered)
+            self.assertSequenceEqual(
+                [obj.encode() for obj in seq_decoded],
+                values,
+            )
+
 
 class TestGoMarshalVectors(TestCase):
     def runTest(self):
 
 class TestGoMarshalVectors(TestCase):
     def runTest(self):
@@ -4820,8 +6744,11 @@ class TestGoMarshalVectors(TestCase):
         seq = Seq()
         seq["erste"] = PrintableString("test")
         self.assertSequenceEqual(seq.encode(), hexdec("3006130474657374"))
         seq = Seq()
         seq["erste"] = PrintableString("test")
         self.assertSequenceEqual(seq.encode(), hexdec("3006130474657374"))
+        # Asterisk is actually not allowable
+        PrintableString._allowable_chars |= set(b"*")
         seq["erste"] = PrintableString("test*")
         self.assertSequenceEqual(seq.encode(), hexdec("30071305746573742a"))
         seq["erste"] = PrintableString("test*")
         self.assertSequenceEqual(seq.encode(), hexdec("30071305746573742a"))
+        PrintableString._allowable_chars -= set(b"*")
 
         class Seq(Sequence):
             schema = (
 
         class Seq(Sequence):
             schema = (
@@ -4873,7 +6800,10 @@ class TestPP(TestCase):
         chosen_id = oids[chosen]
         pp = _pp(asn1_type_name=ObjectIdentifier.asn1_type_name, value=chosen)
         self.assertNotIn(chosen_id, pp_console_row(pp))
         chosen_id = oids[chosen]
         pp = _pp(asn1_type_name=ObjectIdentifier.asn1_type_name, value=chosen)
         self.assertNotIn(chosen_id, pp_console_row(pp))
-        self.assertIn(chosen_id, pp_console_row(pp, oids=oids))
+        self.assertIn(
+            chosen_id,
+            pp_console_row(pp, oid_maps=[{'whatever': 'whenever'}, oids]),
+        )
 
 
 class TestAutoAddSlots(TestCase):
 
 
 class TestAutoAddSlots(TestCase):
@@ -4901,33 +6831,37 @@ class TestOIDDefines(TestCase):
             min_size=len(value_names),
             max_size=len(value_names),
         ))
             min_size=len(value_names),
             max_size=len(value_names),
         ))
-        _schema = [
-            ("type", ObjectIdentifier(defines=(value_name_chosen, {
-                oid: Integer() for oid in oids[:-1]
-            }))),
-        ]
-        for i, value_name in enumerate(value_names):
-            _schema.append((value_name, Any(expl=tag_ctxp(i))))
+        for definable_class in (Any, OctetString, BitString):
+            _schema = [
+                ("type", ObjectIdentifier(defines=(((value_name_chosen,), {
+                    oid: Integer() for oid in oids[:-1]
+                }),))),
+            ]
+            for i, value_name in enumerate(value_names):
+                _schema.append((value_name, definable_class(expl=tag_ctxp(i))))
 
 
-        class Seq(Sequence):
-            schema = _schema
-        seq = Seq()
-        for value_name, value in zip(value_names, values):
-            seq[value_name] = Any(Integer(value).encode())
-        seq["type"] = oid_chosen
-        seq, _ = Seq().decode(seq.encode())
-        for value_name in value_names:
-            if value_name == value_name_chosen:
-                continue
-            self.assertIsNone(seq[value_name].defined)
-        if value_name_chosen in oids[:-1]:
-            self.assertIsNotNone(seq[value_name_chosen].defined)
-            self.assertEqual(seq[value_name_chosen].defined[0], oid_chosen)
-            self.assertIsInstance(seq[value_name_chosen].defined[1], Integer)
+            class Seq(Sequence):
+                schema = _schema
+            seq = Seq()
+            for value_name, value in zip(value_names, values):
+                seq[value_name] = definable_class(Integer(value).encode())
+            seq["type"] = oid_chosen
+            seq, _ = Seq().decode(seq.encode())
+            for value_name in value_names:
+                if value_name == value_name_chosen:
+                    continue
+                self.assertIsNone(seq[value_name].defined)
+            if value_name_chosen in oids[:-1]:
+                self.assertIsNotNone(seq[value_name_chosen].defined)
+                self.assertEqual(seq[value_name_chosen].defined[0], oid_chosen)
+                self.assertIsInstance(seq[value_name_chosen].defined[1], Integer)
+            repr(seq)
+            list(seq.pps())
+            pprint(seq, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
 
 
 class TestDefinesByPath(TestCase):
 
 
 class TestDefinesByPath(TestCase):
-    def runTest(self):
+    def test_generated(self):
         class Seq(Sequence):
             schema = (
                 ("type", ObjectIdentifier()),
         class Seq(Sequence):
             schema = (
                 ("type", ObjectIdentifier()),
@@ -4974,10 +6908,10 @@ class TestDefinesByPath(TestCase):
             (type_integered, Integer(234)),
         )
         for t, v in pairs_input:
             (type_integered, Integer(234)),
         )
         for t, v in pairs_input:
-            pair = Pair()
-            pair["type"] = t
-            pair["value"] = PairValue((Any(v),))
-            pairs.append(pair)
+            pairs.append(Pair((
+                ("type", t),
+                ("value", PairValue((Any(v),))),
+            )))
         seq_inner = SeqInner()
         seq_inner["typeInner"] = type_innered
         seq_inner["valueInner"] = Any(pairs)
         seq_inner = SeqInner()
         seq_inner["typeInner"] = type_innered
         seq_inner["valueInner"] = Any(pairs)
@@ -4985,32 +6919,67 @@ class TestDefinesByPath(TestCase):
         seq_sequenced["type"] = type_sequenced
         seq_sequenced["value"] = OctetString(seq_inner.encode())
         seq_sequenced_raw = seq_sequenced.encode()
         seq_sequenced["type"] = type_sequenced
         seq_sequenced["value"] = OctetString(seq_inner.encode())
         seq_sequenced_raw = seq_sequenced.encode()
+        repr(seq_sequenced)
+        list(seq_sequenced.pps())
+        pprint(seq_sequenced, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
 
         defines_by_path = []
 
         defines_by_path = []
-        seq_integered, _ = Seq().decode(seq_integered_raw)
+        ctx_copied = deepcopy(ctx_dummy)
+        seq_integered, _ = Seq().decode(
+            seq_integered_raw,
+            ctx=ctx_copied,
+        )
+        self.assertDictEqual(ctx_copied, ctx_dummy)
         self.assertIsNone(seq_integered["value"].defined)
         defines_by_path.append(
         self.assertIsNone(seq_integered["value"].defined)
         defines_by_path.append(
-            (("type",), ("value", {
+            (("type",), ((("value",), {
                 type_integered: Integer(),
                 type_sequenced: SeqInner(),
                 type_integered: Integer(),
                 type_sequenced: SeqInner(),
-            }))
+            }),))
+        )
+        ctx_copied["defines_by_path"] = defines_by_path
+        seq_integered, _ = Seq().decode(
+            seq_integered_raw,
+            ctx=ctx_copied,
         )
         )
-        seq_integered, _ = Seq().decode(seq_integered_raw, defines_by_path=defines_by_path)
+        del ctx_copied["defines_by_path"]
+        self.assertDictEqual(ctx_copied, ctx_dummy)
         self.assertIsNotNone(seq_integered["value"].defined)
         self.assertEqual(seq_integered["value"].defined[0], type_integered)
         self.assertEqual(seq_integered["value"].defined[1], Integer(123))
         self.assertIsNotNone(seq_integered["value"].defined)
         self.assertEqual(seq_integered["value"].defined[0], type_integered)
         self.assertEqual(seq_integered["value"].defined[1], Integer(123))
-
-        seq_sequenced, _ = Seq().decode(seq_sequenced_raw, defines_by_path=defines_by_path)
+        self.assertTrue(seq_integered_raw[
+            seq_integered["value"].defined[1].offset:
+        ].startswith(Integer(123).encode()))
+        repr(seq_integered)
+        list(seq_integered.pps())
+        pprint(seq_integered, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
+
+        ctx_copied["defines_by_path"] = defines_by_path
+        seq_sequenced, _ = Seq().decode(
+            seq_sequenced_raw,
+            ctx=ctx_copied,
+        )
+        del ctx_copied["defines_by_path"]
+        self.assertDictEqual(ctx_copied, ctx_dummy)
         self.assertIsNotNone(seq_sequenced["value"].defined)
         self.assertEqual(seq_sequenced["value"].defined[0], type_sequenced)
         seq_inner = seq_sequenced["value"].defined[1]
         self.assertIsNone(seq_inner["valueInner"].defined)
         self.assertIsNotNone(seq_sequenced["value"].defined)
         self.assertEqual(seq_sequenced["value"].defined[0], type_sequenced)
         seq_inner = seq_sequenced["value"].defined[1]
         self.assertIsNone(seq_inner["valueInner"].defined)
+        repr(seq_sequenced)
+        list(seq_sequenced.pps())
+        pprint(seq_sequenced, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
 
         defines_by_path.append((
 
         defines_by_path.append((
-            ("value", decode_path_defby(type_sequenced), "typeInner"),
-            ("valueInner", {type_innered: Pairs()}),
+            ("value", DecodePathDefBy(type_sequenced), "typeInner"),
+            ((("valueInner",), {type_innered: Pairs()}),),
         ))
         ))
-        seq_sequenced, _ = Seq().decode(seq_sequenced_raw, defines_by_path=defines_by_path)
+        ctx_copied["defines_by_path"] = defines_by_path
+        seq_sequenced, _ = Seq().decode(
+            seq_sequenced_raw,
+            ctx=ctx_copied,
+        )
+        del ctx_copied["defines_by_path"]
+        self.assertDictEqual(ctx_copied, ctx_dummy)
         self.assertIsNotNone(seq_sequenced["value"].defined)
         self.assertEqual(seq_sequenced["value"].defined[0], type_sequenced)
         seq_inner = seq_sequenced["value"].defined[1]
         self.assertIsNotNone(seq_sequenced["value"].defined)
         self.assertEqual(seq_sequenced["value"].defined[0], type_sequenced)
         seq_inner = seq_sequenced["value"].defined[1]
@@ -5019,22 +6988,31 @@ class TestDefinesByPath(TestCase):
         pairs = seq_inner["valueInner"].defined[1]
         for pair in pairs:
             self.assertIsNone(pair["value"][0].defined)
         pairs = seq_inner["valueInner"].defined[1]
         for pair in pairs:
             self.assertIsNone(pair["value"][0].defined)
+        repr(seq_sequenced)
+        list(seq_sequenced.pps())
+        pprint(seq_sequenced, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
 
         defines_by_path.append((
             (
                 "value",
 
         defines_by_path.append((
             (
                 "value",
-                decode_path_defby(type_sequenced),
+                DecodePathDefBy(type_sequenced),
                 "valueInner",
                 "valueInner",
-                decode_path_defby(type_innered),
+                DecodePathDefBy(type_innered),
                 any,
                 "type",
             ),
                 any,
                 "type",
             ),
-            ("value", {
+            ((("value",), {
                 type_integered: Integer(),
                 type_octet_stringed: OctetString(),
                 type_integered: Integer(),
                 type_octet_stringed: OctetString(),
-            }),
+            }),),
         ))
         ))
-        seq_sequenced, _ = Seq().decode(seq_sequenced_raw, defines_by_path=defines_by_path)
+        ctx_copied["defines_by_path"] = defines_by_path
+        seq_sequenced, _ = Seq().decode(
+            seq_sequenced_raw,
+            ctx=ctx_copied,
+        )
+        del ctx_copied["defines_by_path"]
+        self.assertDictEqual(ctx_copied, ctx_dummy)
         self.assertIsNotNone(seq_sequenced["value"].defined)
         self.assertEqual(seq_sequenced["value"].defined[0], type_sequenced)
         seq_inner = seq_sequenced["value"].defined[1]
         self.assertIsNotNone(seq_sequenced["value"].defined)
         self.assertEqual(seq_sequenced["value"].defined[0], type_sequenced)
         seq_inner = seq_sequenced["value"].defined[1]
@@ -5044,3 +7022,193 @@ class TestDefinesByPath(TestCase):
         for pair_input, pair_got in zip(pairs_input, pairs_got):
             self.assertEqual(pair_got["value"][0].defined[0], pair_input[0])
             self.assertEqual(pair_got["value"][0].defined[1], pair_input[1])
         for pair_input, pair_got in zip(pairs_input, pairs_got):
             self.assertEqual(pair_got["value"][0].defined[0], pair_input[0])
             self.assertEqual(pair_got["value"][0].defined[1], pair_input[1])
+        repr(seq_sequenced)
+        list(seq_sequenced.pps())
+        pprint(seq_sequenced, big_blobs=True, with_decode_path=True)
+
+    @given(oid_strategy(), integers())
+    def test_simple(self, oid, tgt):
+        class Inner(Sequence):
+            schema = (
+                ("oid", ObjectIdentifier(defines=((("..", "tgt"), {
+                    ObjectIdentifier(oid): Integer(),
+                }),))),
+            )
+
+        class Outer(Sequence):
+            schema = (
+                ("inner", Inner()),
+                ("tgt", OctetString()),
+            )
+
+        inner = Inner()
+        inner["oid"] = ObjectIdentifier(oid)
+        outer = Outer()
+        outer["inner"] = inner
+        outer["tgt"] = OctetString(Integer(tgt).encode())
+        decoded, _ = Outer().decode(outer.encode())
+        self.assertEqual(decoded["tgt"].defined[1], Integer(tgt))
+
+    def test_remaining_data(self):
+        oid = ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3")
+        class Seq(Sequence):
+            schema = (
+                ("oid", ObjectIdentifier(defines=((("tgt",), {
+                    oid: Integer(),
+                }),))),
+                ("tgt", OctetString()),
+            )
+
+        seq = Seq((
+            ("oid", oid),
+            ("tgt", OctetString(Integer(123).encode() + b"junk")),
+        ))
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "remaining data"):
+            Seq().decode(seq.encode())
+
+    def test_remaining_data_seqof(self):
+        oid = ObjectIdentifier("1.2.3")
+        class SeqOf(SetOf):
+            schema = OctetString()
+
+        class Seq(Sequence):
+            schema = (
+                ("oid", ObjectIdentifier(defines=((("tgt",), {
+                    oid: Integer(),
+                }),))),
+                ("tgt", SeqOf()),
+            )
+
+        seq = Seq((
+            ("oid", oid),
+            ("tgt", SeqOf([OctetString(Integer(123).encode() + b"junk")])),
+        ))
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "remaining data"):
+            Seq().decode(seq.encode())
+
+
+class TestAbsDecodePath(TestCase):
+    @given(
+        lists(text(alphabet=ascii_letters, min_size=1)).map(tuple),
+        lists(text(alphabet=ascii_letters, min_size=1), min_size=1).map(tuple),
+    )
+    def test_concat(self, decode_path, rel_path):
+        dp = abs_decode_path(decode_path, rel_path)
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(dp, decode_path + rel_path)
+        repr(dp)
+
+    @given(
+        lists(text(alphabet=ascii_letters, min_size=1)).map(tuple),
+        lists(text(alphabet=ascii_letters, min_size=1), min_size=1).map(tuple),
+    )
+    def test_abs(self, decode_path, rel_path):
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(
+            abs_decode_path(decode_path, ("/",) + rel_path),
+            rel_path,
+        )
+
+    @given(
+        lists(text(alphabet=ascii_letters, min_size=1), min_size=5).map(tuple),
+        integers(min_value=1, max_value=3),
+        lists(text(alphabet=ascii_letters, min_size=1), min_size=1).map(tuple),
+    )
+    def test_dots(self, decode_path, number_of_dots, rel_path):
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(
+            abs_decode_path(decode_path, tuple([".."] * number_of_dots) + rel_path),
+            decode_path[:-number_of_dots] + rel_path,
+        )
+
+
+class TestStrictDefaultExistence(TestCase):
+    @given(data_strategy())
+    def runTest(self, d):
+        count = d.draw(integers(min_value=1, max_value=10))
+        chosen = d.draw(integers(min_value=0, max_value=count - 1))
+        _schema = [
+            ("int%d" % i, Integer(expl=tag_ctxc(i + 1)))
+            for i in range(count)
+        ]
+        for klass in (Sequence, Set):
+            class Seq(klass):
+                schema = _schema
+            seq = Seq()
+            for i in range(count):
+                seq["int%d" % i] = Integer(123)
+            raw = seq.encode()
+            chosen_choice = "int%d" % chosen
+            seq.specs[chosen_choice] = seq.specs[chosen_choice](default=123)
+            with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "DEFAULT value met"):
+                seq.decode(raw)
+            decoded, _ = seq.decode(raw, ctx={"allow_default_values": True})
+            self.assertTrue(decoded.ber_encoded)
+            self.assertTrue(decoded.bered)
+            decoded = copy(decoded)
+            self.assertTrue(decoded.ber_encoded)
+            self.assertTrue(decoded.bered)
+            decoded, _ = seq.decode(raw, ctx={"bered": True})
+            self.assertTrue(decoded.ber_encoded)
+            self.assertTrue(decoded.bered)
+            decoded = copy(decoded)
+            self.assertTrue(decoded.ber_encoded)
+            self.assertTrue(decoded.bered)
+
+
+class TestX690PrefixedType(TestCase):
+    def runTest(self):
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(
+            VisibleString("Jones").encode(),
+            hexdec("1A054A6F6E6573"),
+        )
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(
+            VisibleString(
+                "Jones",
+                impl=tag_encode(3, klass=TagClassApplication),
+            ).encode(),
+            hexdec("43054A6F6E6573"),
+        )
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(
+            Any(
+                VisibleString(
+                    "Jones",
+                    impl=tag_encode(3, klass=TagClassApplication),
+                ),
+                expl=tag_ctxc(2),
+            ).encode(),
+            hexdec("A20743054A6F6E6573"),
+        )
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(
+            OctetString(
+                VisibleString(
+                    "Jones",
+                    impl=tag_encode(3, klass=TagClassApplication),
+                ).encode(),
+                impl=tag_encode(7, form=TagFormConstructed, klass=TagClassApplication),
+            ).encode(),
+            hexdec("670743054A6F6E6573"),
+        )
+        self.assertSequenceEqual(
+            VisibleString("Jones", impl=tag_ctxp(2)).encode(),
+            hexdec("82054A6F6E6573"),
+        )
+
+
+class TestExplOOB(TestCase):
+    def runTest(self):
+        expl = tag_ctxc(123)
+        raw = Integer(123).encode() + Integer(234).encode()
+        raw = b"".join((expl, len_encode(len(raw)), raw))
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, DecodeError, "explicit tag out-of-bound"):
+            Integer(expl=expl).decode(raw)
+        Integer(expl=expl).decode(raw, ctx={"allow_expl_oob": True})
+
+
+class TestPickleDifferentVersion(TestCase):
+    def runTest(self):
+        pickled = pickle_dumps(Integer(123), pickle_proto)
+        import pyderasn
+        version_orig = pyderasn.__version__
+        pyderasn.__version__ += "different"
+        with assertRaisesRegex(self, ValueError, "different PyDERASN version"):
+            pickle_loads(pickled)
+        pyderasn.__version__ = version_orig
+        pickle_loads(pickled)