cmd/dist,internal/platform: reenable the c-archive build mode on ios

cmd/dist,internal/platform: reenable the c-archive build mode on ios

Also fix misc/cgo/testcarchive to provide a missing CoreFoundation
dependency at link time.

Fixes #58221.
Updates #58172.
Updates #58225.

Change-Id: Ib8b6e52ed2914596615da4c427df2fe984722de6
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/463752
Run-TryBot: Bryan Mills <bcmills@google.com>
Auto-Submit: Bryan Mills <bcmills@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Cherry Mui <cherryyz@google.com>