unicode/utf8: reduce bounds checks in EncodeRune

unicode/utf8: reduce bounds checks in EncodeRune

Provide bounds elim hints in EncodeRune.

name                  old time/op  new time/op  delta
EncodeASCIIRune-4     2.69ns ± 2%  2.69ns ± 2%    ~     (p=0.193 n=47+46)
EncodeJapaneseRune-4  5.97ns ± 2%  5.38ns ± 2%  -9.93%  (p=0.000 n=49+50)

Change-Id: I1a6dcffff3bdd64ab93c2130021e3b00981de4c8
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/28492
Reviewed-by: Josh Bleecher Snyder <josharian@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Joe Tsai <thebrokentoaster@gmail.com>
Run-TryBot: Josh Bleecher Snyder <josharian@gmail.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>