math/big: removed more unnecessary string conversions

math/big: removed more unnecessary string conversions

- renamed (nat) itoa to utoa (since that's what it is)
- added (nat) itoa that takes a sign parameter; this helps removing a few string copies
- used buffers instead of string+ in Rat conversions

Change-Id: I6b37a6b39557ae311cafdfe5c4a26e9246bde1a9
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/14995
Reviewed-by: Alan Donovan <adonovan@google.com>