cmd/compile/internal/gc: improve comparison with constant strings

cmd/compile/internal/gc: improve comparison with constant strings

Currently we expand comparison with small constant strings into len check
and a sequence of byte comparisons. Generate 16/32/64-bit comparisons,
instead of bytewise on 386 and amd64. Also increase limits on what is
considered small constant string.
Shaves ~30kb (0.5%) from go executable.

This also updates test/prove.go to keep test case valid.

Change-Id: I99ae8871a1d00c96363c6d03d0b890782fa7e1d9
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/38776
Run-TryBot: Ilya Tocar <ilya.tocar@intel.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Josh Bleecher Snyder <josharian@gmail.com>