cmd/compile: derive unsigned limits from signed limits in prove

cmd/compile: derive unsigned limits from signed limits in prove

This adds a few simple deductions to the prove pass' fact table to
derive unsigned concrete limits from signed concrete limits where
possible.

This tweak lets the pass prove 70 additional branch conditions in std
and cmd.

This is based on a comment from the recently-deleted factsTable.get:
"// TODO: also use signed data if lim.min >= 0".

Change-Id: Ib4340249e7733070f004a0aa31254adf5df8a392
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/87479
Reviewed-by: Alexandru Moșoi <alexandru@mosoi.ro>
Reviewed-by: Keith Randall <khr@golang.org>