internal/bytealg: add generic LastIndexByte{,String}

internal/bytealg: add generic LastIndexByte{,String}

To avoid duplicating them in net/netip and os and to allow these
packages automatically benefiting from future performance improvements
when optimized native LastIndexByte{,String} implementations are added.

For #36891

Change-Id: I4905a4742273570c2c36b867df57762c5bfbe1e4
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/522475
Run-TryBot: Tobias Klauser <tobias.klauser@gmail.com>
Auto-Submit: Tobias Klauser <tobias.klauser@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Bryan Mills <bcmills@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gopher Robot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Ian Lance Taylor <iant@google.com>