cmd/gc, runtime: treat slices and strings like pointers in garbage collection

cmd/gc, runtime: treat slices and strings like pointers in garbage collection

Before, a slice with cap=0 or a string with len=0 might have its
base pointer pointing beyond the actual slice/string data into
the next block. The collector had to ignore slices and strings with
cap=0 in order to avoid misinterpreting the base pointer.

Now, a slice with cap=0 or a string with len=0 still has a base
pointer pointing into the actual slice/string data, no matter what.
The collector can now always scan the pointer, which means
strings and slices are no longer special.

Fixes #8404.

LGTM=khr, josharian
R=josharian, khr, dvyukov
CC=golang-codereviews
https://golang.org/cl/112570044