runtime: simplify CPU profiling code

runtime: simplify CPU profiling code

This makes Go's CPU profiling code somewhat more idiomatic; e.g.,
using := instead of forward declaring variables, using "int" for
element counts instead of "uintptr", and slices instead of C-style
pointer+length.  This makes the code easier to read and eliminates a
lot of type conversion clutter.

Additionally, in sigprof we can collect just maxCPUProfStack stack
frames, as cpuprof won't use more than that anyway.

Change-Id: I0235b5ae552191bcbb453b14add6d8c01381bd06
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/6072
Run-TryBot: Matthew Dempsky <mdempsky@google.com>
TryBot-Result: Gobot Gobot <gobot@golang.org>
Reviewed-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>