]> Cypherpunks.ru repositories - gostls13.git/blobdiff - src/reflect/all_test.go
reflect: optimize Value.IsZero for array types
[gostls13.git] / src / reflect / all_test.go
index 5a35d98b51f01c86993b4e46ce2a482f6ca9a122..bece56f7e73b06c670442b811ad8819cf881477f 100644 (file)
@@ -10,10 +10,13 @@ import (
        "flag"
        "fmt"
        "go/token"
+       "internal/abi"
        "internal/goarch"
+       "internal/testenv"
        "io"
        "math"
        "math/rand"
+       "net"
        "os"
        . "reflect"
        "reflect/internal/example1"
@@ -29,6 +32,8 @@ import (
        "unsafe"
 )
 
+const bucketCount = abi.MapBucketCount
+
 var sink any
 
 func TestBool(t *testing.T) {
@@ -46,6 +51,8 @@ type T struct {
        d *int
 }
 
+var _ = T{} == T{} // tests depend on T being comparable
+
 type pair struct {
        i any
        s string
@@ -363,6 +370,10 @@ func TestMapIterSet(t *testing.T) {
                }
        }
 
+       if testenv.OptimizationOff() {
+               return // no inlining with the noopt builder
+       }
+
        got := int(testing.AllocsPerRun(10, func() {
                iter := v.MapRange()
                for iter.Next() {
@@ -370,9 +381,12 @@ func TestMapIterSet(t *testing.T) {
                        e.SetIterValue(iter)
                }
        }))
-       // Making a *MapIter allocates. This should be the only allocation.
-       if got != 1 {
-               t.Errorf("wanted 1 alloc, got %d", got)
+       // Calling MapRange should not allocate even though it returns a *MapIter.
+       // The function is inlineable, so if the local usage does not escape
+       // the *MapIter, it can remain stack allocated.
+       want := 0
+       if got != want {
+               t.Errorf("wanted %d alloc, got %d", want, got)
        }
 }
 
@@ -728,25 +742,88 @@ func TestFunctionValue(t *testing.T) {
        assert(t, v.Type().String(), "func()")
 }
 
+func TestGrow(t *testing.T) {
+       v := ValueOf([]int(nil))
+       shouldPanic("reflect.Value.Grow using unaddressable value", func() { v.Grow(0) })
+       v = ValueOf(new([]int)).Elem()
+       v.Grow(0)
+       if !v.IsNil() {
+               t.Errorf("v.Grow(0) should still be nil")
+       }
+       v.Grow(1)
+       if v.Cap() == 0 {
+               t.Errorf("v.Cap = %v, want non-zero", v.Cap())
+       }
+       want := v.UnsafePointer()
+       v.Grow(1)
+       got := v.UnsafePointer()
+       if got != want {
+               t.Errorf("noop v.Grow should not change pointers")
+       }
+
+       t.Run("Append", func(t *testing.T) {
+               var got, want []T
+               v := ValueOf(&got).Elem()
+               appendValue := func(vt T) {
+                       v.Grow(1)
+                       v.SetLen(v.Len() + 1)
+                       v.Index(v.Len() - 1).Set(ValueOf(vt))
+               }
+               for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+                       vt := T{i, float64(i), strconv.Itoa(i), &i}
+                       appendValue(vt)
+                       want = append(want, vt)
+               }
+               if !DeepEqual(got, want) {
+                       t.Errorf("value mismatch:\ngot  %v\nwant %v", got, want)
+               }
+       })
+
+       t.Run("Rate", func(t *testing.T) {
+               var b []byte
+               v := ValueOf(new([]byte)).Elem()
+               for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+                       b = append(b[:cap(b)], make([]byte, 1)...)
+                       v.SetLen(v.Cap())
+                       v.Grow(1)
+                       if v.Cap() != cap(b) {
+                               t.Errorf("v.Cap = %v, want %v", v.Cap(), cap(b))
+                       }
+               }
+       })
+
+       t.Run("ZeroCapacity", func(t *testing.T) {
+               for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+                       v := ValueOf(new([]byte)).Elem()
+                       v.Grow(61)
+                       b := v.Bytes()
+                       b = b[:cap(b)]
+                       for i, c := range b {
+                               if c != 0 {
+                                       t.Fatalf("Value.Bytes[%d] = 0x%02x, want 0x00", i, c)
+                               }
+                               b[i] = 0xff
+                       }
+                       runtime.GC()
+               }
+       })
+}
+
 var appendTests = []struct {
        orig, extra []int
 }{
+       {nil, nil},
+       {[]int{}, nil},
+       {nil, []int{}},
+       {[]int{}, []int{}},
+       {nil, []int{22}},
+       {[]int{}, []int{22}},
+       {make([]int, 2, 4), nil},
+       {make([]int, 2, 4), []int{}},
        {make([]int, 2, 4), []int{22}},
        {make([]int, 2, 4), []int{22, 33, 44}},
 }
 
-func sameInts(x, y []int) bool {
-       if len(x) != len(y) {
-               return false
-       }
-       for i, xx := range x {
-               if xx != y[i] {
-                       return false
-               }
-       }
-       return true
-}
-
 func TestAppend(t *testing.T) {
        for i, test := range appendTests {
                origLen, extraLen := len(test.orig), len(test.extra)
@@ -758,32 +835,51 @@ func TestAppend(t *testing.T) {
                }
                // Convert extra from []int to *SliceValue.
                e1 := ValueOf(test.extra)
+
                // Test Append.
-               a0 := ValueOf(test.orig)
-               have0 := Append(a0, e0...).Interface().([]int)
-               if !sameInts(have0, want) {
-                       t.Errorf("Append #%d: have %v, want %v (%p %p)", i, have0, want, test.orig, have0)
+               a0 := ValueOf(&test.orig).Elem()
+               have0 := Append(a0, e0...)
+               if have0.CanAddr() {
+                       t.Errorf("Append #%d: have slice should not be addressable", i)
+               }
+               if !DeepEqual(have0.Interface(), want) {
+                       t.Errorf("Append #%d: have %v, want %v (%p %p)", i, have0, want, test.orig, have0.Interface())
                }
                // Check that the orig and extra slices were not modified.
+               if a0.Len() != len(test.orig) {
+                       t.Errorf("Append #%d: a0.Len: have %d, want %d", i, a0.Len(), origLen)
+               }
                if len(test.orig) != origLen {
                        t.Errorf("Append #%d origLen: have %v, want %v", i, len(test.orig), origLen)
                }
                if len(test.extra) != extraLen {
                        t.Errorf("Append #%d extraLen: have %v, want %v", i, len(test.extra), extraLen)
                }
+
                // Test AppendSlice.
-               a1 := ValueOf(test.orig)
-               have1 := AppendSlice(a1, e1).Interface().([]int)
-               if !sameInts(have1, want) {
+               a1 := ValueOf(&test.orig).Elem()
+               have1 := AppendSlice(a1, e1)
+               if have1.CanAddr() {
+                       t.Errorf("AppendSlice #%d: have slice should not be addressable", i)
+               }
+               if !DeepEqual(have1.Interface(), want) {
                        t.Errorf("AppendSlice #%d: have %v, want %v", i, have1, want)
                }
                // Check that the orig and extra slices were not modified.
+               if a1.Len() != len(test.orig) {
+                       t.Errorf("AppendSlice #%d: a1.Len: have %d, want %d", i, a0.Len(), origLen)
+               }
                if len(test.orig) != origLen {
                        t.Errorf("AppendSlice #%d origLen: have %v, want %v", i, len(test.orig), origLen)
                }
                if len(test.extra) != extraLen {
                        t.Errorf("AppendSlice #%d extraLen: have %v, want %v", i, len(test.extra), extraLen)
                }
+
+               // Test Append and AppendSlice with unexported value.
+               ax := ValueOf(struct{ x []int }{test.orig}).Field(0)
+               shouldPanic("using unexported field", func() { Append(ax, e0...) })
+               shouldPanic("using unexported field", func() { AppendSlice(ax, e1) })
        }
 }
 
@@ -1191,17 +1287,6 @@ func TestDeepEqualAllocs(t *testing.T) {
        }
 }
 
-func BenchmarkDeepEqual(b *testing.B) {
-       for _, bb := range deepEqualPerfTests {
-               b.Run(ValueOf(bb.x).Type().String(), func(b *testing.B) {
-                       b.ReportAllocs()
-                       for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-                               sink = DeepEqual(bb.x, bb.y)
-                       }
-               })
-       }
-}
-
 func check2ndField(x any, offs uintptr, t *testing.T) {
        s := ValueOf(x)
        f := s.Type().Field(1)
@@ -1311,6 +1396,11 @@ func TestIsNil(t *testing.T) {
        NotNil(fi, t)
 }
 
+func setField[S, V any](in S, offset uintptr, value V) (out S) {
+       *(*V)(unsafe.Add(unsafe.Pointer(&in), offset)) = value
+       return in
+}
+
 func TestIsZero(t *testing.T) {
        for i, tt := range []struct {
                x    any
@@ -1344,21 +1434,30 @@ func TestIsZero(t *testing.T) {
                {float32(1.2), false},
                {float64(0), true},
                {float64(1.2), false},
-               {math.Copysign(0, -1), false},
+               {math.Copysign(0, -1), true},
                {complex64(0), true},
                {complex64(1.2), false},
                {complex128(0), true},
                {complex128(1.2), false},
-               {complex(math.Copysign(0, -1), 0), false},
-               {complex(0, math.Copysign(0, -1)), false},
-               {complex(math.Copysign(0, -1), math.Copysign(0, -1)), false},
+               {complex(math.Copysign(0, -1), 0), true},
+               {complex(0, math.Copysign(0, -1)), true},
+               {complex(math.Copysign(0, -1), math.Copysign(0, -1)), true},
                {uintptr(0), true},
                {uintptr(128), false},
                // Array
                {Zero(TypeOf([5]string{})).Interface(), true},
-               {[5]string{"", "", "", "", ""}, true},
-               {[5]string{}, true},
-               {[5]string{"", "", "", "a", ""}, false},
+               {[5]string{}, true},                     // comparable array
+               {[5]string{"", "", "", "a", ""}, false}, // comparable array
+               {[1]*int{}, true},                       // direct pointer array
+               {[1]*int{new(int)}, false},              // direct pointer array
+               {[3][]int{}, true},                      // incomparable array
+               {[3][]int{{1}}, false},                  // incomparable array
+               {[1 << 12]byte{}, true},
+               {[1 << 12]byte{1}, false},
+               {[1]struct{ p *int }{}, true},
+               {[1]struct{ p *int }{{new(int)}}, false},
+               {[3]Value{}, true},
+               {[3]Value{{}, ValueOf(0), {}}, false},
                // Chan
                {(chan string)(nil), true},
                {make(chan string), false},
@@ -1385,8 +1484,22 @@ func TestIsZero(t *testing.T) {
                {"", true},
                {"not-zero", false},
                // Structs
-               {T{}, true},
-               {T{123, 456.75, "hello", &_i}, false},
+               {T{}, true},                           // comparable struct
+               {T{123, 456.75, "hello", &_i}, false}, // comparable struct
+               {struct{ p *int }{}, true},            // direct pointer struct
+               {struct{ p *int }{new(int)}, false},   // direct pointer struct
+               {struct{ s []int }{}, true},           // incomparable struct
+               {struct{ s []int }{[]int{1}}, false},  // incomparable struct
+               {struct{ Value }{}, true},
+               {struct{ Value }{ValueOf(0)}, false},
+               {struct{ _, a, _ uintptr }{}, true}, // comparable struct with blank fields
+               {setField(struct{ _, a, _ uintptr }{}, 0*unsafe.Sizeof(uintptr(0)), 1), true},
+               {setField(struct{ _, a, _ uintptr }{}, 1*unsafe.Sizeof(uintptr(0)), 1), false},
+               {setField(struct{ _, a, _ uintptr }{}, 2*unsafe.Sizeof(uintptr(0)), 1), true},
+               {struct{ _, a, _ func() }{}, true}, // incomparable struct with blank fields
+               {setField(struct{ _, a, _ func() }{}, 0*unsafe.Sizeof((func())(nil)), func() {}), true},
+               {setField(struct{ _, a, _ func() }{}, 1*unsafe.Sizeof((func())(nil)), func() {}), false},
+               {setField(struct{ _, a, _ func() }{}, 2*unsafe.Sizeof((func())(nil)), func() {}), true},
                // UnsafePointer
                {(unsafe.Pointer)(nil), true},
                {(unsafe.Pointer)(new(int)), false},
@@ -1406,6 +1519,13 @@ func TestIsZero(t *testing.T) {
                if !Zero(TypeOf(tt.x)).IsZero() {
                        t.Errorf("%d: IsZero(Zero(TypeOf((%s)(%+v)))) is false", i, x.Kind(), tt.x)
                }
+
+               p := New(x.Type()).Elem()
+               p.Set(x)
+               p.SetZero()
+               if !p.IsZero() {
+                       t.Errorf("%d: IsZero((%s)(%+v)) is true after SetZero", i, p.Kind(), tt.x)
+               }
        }
 
        func() {
@@ -1418,6 +1538,15 @@ func TestIsZero(t *testing.T) {
        }()
 }
 
+func TestInternalIsZero(t *testing.T) {
+       b := make([]byte, 512)
+       for a := 0; a < 8; a++ {
+               for i := 256 + 7; i <= 512-a; i++ {
+                       InternalIsZero(b[a : a+i])
+               }
+       }
+}
+
 func TestInterfaceExtraction(t *testing.T) {
        var s struct {
                W io.Writer
@@ -1496,6 +1625,10 @@ func TestMap(t *testing.T) {
        if m != nil {
                t.Errorf("mv.Set(nil) failed")
        }
+
+       type S string
+       shouldPanic("not assignable", func() { mv.MapIndex(ValueOf(S("key"))) })
+       shouldPanic("not assignable", func() { mv.SetMapIndex(ValueOf(S("key")), ValueOf(0)) })
 }
 
 func TestNilMap(t *testing.T) {
@@ -1597,6 +1730,12 @@ func TestChan(t *testing.T) {
                if i, ok := cv.Recv(); i.Int() != 0 || ok {
                        t.Errorf("after close Recv %d, %t", i.Int(), ok)
                }
+               // Closing a read-only channel
+               shouldPanic("", func() {
+                       c := make(<-chan int, 1)
+                       cv := ValueOf(c)
+                       cv.Close()
+               })
        }
 
        // check creation of unbuffered channel
@@ -1864,11 +2003,9 @@ func TestSelect(t *testing.T) {
                                recvStr = fmt.Sprintf(", received %v, %v", recv.Interface(), recvOK)
                        }
                        t.Fatalf("%s\nselected #%d incorrectly%s", fmtSelect(info), i, recvStr)
-                       continue
                }
                if cas.panic {
                        t.Fatalf("%s\nselected #%d incorrectly (case should panic)", fmtSelect(info), i)
-                       continue
                }
 
                if cases[i].Dir == SelectRecv {
@@ -1929,26 +2066,6 @@ func TestSelectNop(t *testing.T) {
        }
 }
 
-func BenchmarkSelect(b *testing.B) {
-       channel := make(chan int)
-       close(channel)
-       var cases []SelectCase
-       for i := 0; i < 8; i++ {
-               cases = append(cases, SelectCase{
-                       Dir:  SelectRecv,
-                       Chan: ValueOf(channel),
-               })
-       }
-       for _, numCases := range []int{1, 4, 8} {
-               b.Run(strconv.Itoa(numCases), func(b *testing.B) {
-                       b.ReportAllocs()
-                       for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-                               _, _, _ = Select(cases[:numCases])
-                       }
-               })
-       }
-}
-
 // selectWatch and the selectWatcher are a watchdog mechanism for running Select.
 // If the selectWatcher notices that the select has been blocked for >1 second, it prints
 // an error describing the select and panics the entire test binary.
@@ -1994,7 +2111,7 @@ func runSelect(cases []SelectCase, info []caseInfo) (chosen int, recv Value, rec
 
 // fmtSelect formats the information about a single select test.
 func fmtSelect(info []caseInfo) string {
-       var buf bytes.Buffer
+       var buf strings.Builder
        fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "\nselect {\n")
        for i, cas := range info {
                fmt.Fprintf(&buf, "%d: %s", i, cas.desc)
@@ -2127,63 +2244,6 @@ func TestCallReturnsEmpty(t *testing.T) {
        runtime.KeepAlive(v)
 }
 
-func BenchmarkCall(b *testing.B) {
-       fv := ValueOf(func(a, b string) {})
-       b.ReportAllocs()
-       b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
-               args := []Value{ValueOf("a"), ValueOf("b")}
-               for pb.Next() {
-                       fv.Call(args)
-               }
-       })
-}
-
-type myint int64
-
-func (i *myint) inc() {
-       *i = *i + 1
-}
-
-func BenchmarkCallMethod(b *testing.B) {
-       b.ReportAllocs()
-       z := new(myint)
-
-       v := ValueOf(z.inc)
-       for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-               v.Call(nil)
-       }
-}
-
-func BenchmarkCallArgCopy(b *testing.B) {
-       byteArray := func(n int) Value {
-               return Zero(ArrayOf(n, TypeOf(byte(0))))
-       }
-       sizes := [...]struct {
-               fv  Value
-               arg Value
-       }{
-               {ValueOf(func(a [128]byte) {}), byteArray(128)},
-               {ValueOf(func(a [256]byte) {}), byteArray(256)},
-               {ValueOf(func(a [1024]byte) {}), byteArray(1024)},
-               {ValueOf(func(a [4096]byte) {}), byteArray(4096)},
-               {ValueOf(func(a [65536]byte) {}), byteArray(65536)},
-       }
-       for _, size := range sizes {
-               bench := func(b *testing.B) {
-                       args := []Value{size.arg}
-                       b.SetBytes(int64(size.arg.Len()))
-                       b.ResetTimer()
-                       b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
-                               for pb.Next() {
-                                       size.fv.Call(args)
-                               }
-                       })
-               }
-               name := fmt.Sprintf("size=%v", size.arg.Len())
-               b.Run(name, bench)
-       }
-}
-
 func TestMakeFunc(t *testing.T) {
        f := dummy
        fv := MakeFunc(TypeOf(f), func(in []Value) []Value { return in })
@@ -2440,6 +2500,16 @@ func TestMethod(t *testing.T) {
                t.Errorf("NoArgs returned %d values; want 0", n)
        }
 
+       _, ok = TypeOf(&p).MethodByName("AA")
+       if ok {
+               t.Errorf(`MethodByName("AA") should have failed`)
+       }
+
+       _, ok = TypeOf(&p).MethodByName("ZZ")
+       if ok {
+               t.Errorf(`MethodByName("ZZ") should have failed`)
+       }
+
        // Curried method of value.
        tfunc := TypeOf((func(int) int)(nil))
        v := ValueOf(p).Method(1)
@@ -3241,14 +3311,16 @@ type unexpI interface {
        f() (int32, int8)
 }
 
-var unexpi unexpI = new(unexp)
-
 func TestUnexportedMethods(t *testing.T) {
-       typ := TypeOf(unexpi)
-
+       typ := TypeOf(new(unexp))
        if got := typ.NumMethod(); got != 0 {
                t.Errorf("NumMethod=%d, want 0 satisfied methods", got)
        }
+
+       typ = TypeOf((*unexpI)(nil))
+       if got := typ.Elem().NumMethod(); got != 1 {
+               t.Errorf("NumMethod=%d, want 1 satisfied methods", got)
+       }
 }
 
 type InnerInt struct {
@@ -3347,28 +3419,6 @@ func TestPtrToGC(t *testing.T) {
        }
 }
 
-func BenchmarkPtrTo(b *testing.B) {
-       // Construct a type with a zero ptrToThis.
-       type T struct{ int }
-       t := SliceOf(TypeOf(T{}))
-       ptrToThis := ValueOf(t).Elem().FieldByName("ptrToThis")
-       if !ptrToThis.IsValid() {
-               b.Fatalf("%v has no ptrToThis field; was it removed from rtype?", t)
-       }
-       if ptrToThis.Int() != 0 {
-               b.Fatalf("%v.ptrToThis unexpectedly nonzero", t)
-       }
-       b.ResetTimer()
-
-       // Now benchmark calling PointerTo on it: we'll have to hit the ptrMap cache on
-       // every call.
-       b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
-               for pb.Next() {
-                       PointerTo(t)
-               }
-       })
-}
-
 func TestAddr(t *testing.T) {
        var p struct {
                X, Y int
@@ -3614,7 +3664,7 @@ func TestSetLenCap(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestVariadic(t *testing.T) {
-       var b bytes.Buffer
+       var b strings.Builder
        V := ValueOf
 
        b.Reset()
@@ -3965,6 +4015,51 @@ func TestCallPanic(t *testing.T) {
        badCall(func() { call(v.Field(7).Field(1).Elem().Method(0)) }) // .namedT2.t0.W
 }
 
+func TestValuePanic(t *testing.T) {
+       vo := ValueOf
+       shouldPanic("reflect.Value.Addr of unaddressable value", func() { vo(0).Addr() })
+       shouldPanic("call of reflect.Value.Bool on float64 Value", func() { vo(0.0).Bool() })
+       shouldPanic("call of reflect.Value.Bytes on string Value", func() { vo("").Bytes() })
+       shouldPanic("call of reflect.Value.Call on bool Value", func() { vo(true).Call(nil) })
+       shouldPanic("call of reflect.Value.CallSlice on int Value", func() { vo(0).CallSlice(nil) })
+       shouldPanic("call of reflect.Value.Close on string Value", func() { vo("").Close() })
+       shouldPanic("call of reflect.Value.Complex on float64 Value", func() { vo(0.0).Complex() })
+       shouldPanic("call of reflect.Value.Elem on bool Value", func() { vo(false).Elem() })
+       shouldPanic("call of reflect.Value.Field on int Value", func() { vo(0).Field(0) })
+       shouldPanic("call of reflect.Value.Float on string Value", func() { vo("").Float() })
+       shouldPanic("call of reflect.Value.Index on float64 Value", func() { vo(0.0).Index(0) })
+       shouldPanic("call of reflect.Value.Int on bool Value", func() { vo(false).Int() })
+       shouldPanic("call of reflect.Value.IsNil on int Value", func() { vo(0).IsNil() })
+       shouldPanic("call of reflect.Value.Len on bool Value", func() { vo(false).Len() })
+       shouldPanic("call of reflect.Value.MapIndex on float64 Value", func() { vo(0.0).MapIndex(vo(0.0)) })
+       shouldPanic("call of reflect.Value.MapKeys on string Value", func() { vo("").MapKeys() })
+       shouldPanic("call of reflect.Value.MapRange on int Value", func() { vo(0).MapRange() })
+       shouldPanic("call of reflect.Value.Method on zero Value", func() { vo(nil).Method(0) })
+       shouldPanic("call of reflect.Value.NumField on string Value", func() { vo("").NumField() })
+       shouldPanic("call of reflect.Value.NumMethod on zero Value", func() { vo(nil).NumMethod() })
+       shouldPanic("call of reflect.Value.OverflowComplex on float64 Value", func() { vo(float64(0)).OverflowComplex(0) })
+       shouldPanic("call of reflect.Value.OverflowFloat on int64 Value", func() { vo(int64(0)).OverflowFloat(0) })
+       shouldPanic("call of reflect.Value.OverflowInt on uint64 Value", func() { vo(uint64(0)).OverflowInt(0) })
+       shouldPanic("call of reflect.Value.OverflowUint on complex64 Value", func() { vo(complex64(0)).OverflowUint(0) })
+       shouldPanic("call of reflect.Value.Recv on string Value", func() { vo("").Recv() })
+       shouldPanic("call of reflect.Value.Send on bool Value", func() { vo(true).Send(vo(true)) })
+       shouldPanic("value of type string is not assignable to type bool", func() { vo(new(bool)).Elem().Set(vo("")) })
+       shouldPanic("call of reflect.Value.SetBool on string Value", func() { vo(new(string)).Elem().SetBool(false) })
+       shouldPanic("reflect.Value.SetBytes using unaddressable value", func() { vo("").SetBytes(nil) })
+       shouldPanic("call of reflect.Value.SetCap on string Value", func() { vo(new(string)).Elem().SetCap(0) })
+       shouldPanic("call of reflect.Value.SetComplex on string Value", func() { vo(new(string)).Elem().SetComplex(0) })
+       shouldPanic("call of reflect.Value.SetFloat on string Value", func() { vo(new(string)).Elem().SetFloat(0) })
+       shouldPanic("call of reflect.Value.SetInt on string Value", func() { vo(new(string)).Elem().SetInt(0) })
+       shouldPanic("call of reflect.Value.SetLen on string Value", func() { vo(new(string)).Elem().SetLen(0) })
+       shouldPanic("call of reflect.Value.SetString on int Value", func() { vo(new(int)).Elem().SetString("") })
+       shouldPanic("reflect.Value.SetUint using unaddressable value", func() { vo(0.0).SetUint(0) })
+       shouldPanic("call of reflect.Value.Slice on bool Value", func() { vo(true).Slice(1, 2) })
+       shouldPanic("call of reflect.Value.Slice3 on int Value", func() { vo(0).Slice3(1, 2, 3) })
+       shouldPanic("call of reflect.Value.TryRecv on bool Value", func() { vo(true).TryRecv() })
+       shouldPanic("call of reflect.Value.TrySend on string Value", func() { vo("").TrySend(vo("")) })
+       shouldPanic("call of reflect.Value.Uint on float64 Value", func() { vo(0.0).Uint() })
+}
+
 func shouldPanic(expect string, f func()) {
        defer func() {
                r := recover()
@@ -4356,6 +4451,25 @@ var convertTests = []struct {
        {V(MyString("runes♝")), V(MyRunes("runes♝"))},
        {V(MyRunes("runes♕")), V(MyString("runes♕"))},
 
+       // slice to array
+       {V([]byte(nil)), V([0]byte{})},
+       {V([]byte{}), V([0]byte{})},
+       {V([]byte{1}), V([1]byte{1})},
+       {V([]byte{1, 2}), V([2]byte{1, 2})},
+       {V([]byte{1, 2, 3}), V([3]byte{1, 2, 3})},
+       {V(MyBytes([]byte(nil))), V([0]byte{})},
+       {V(MyBytes{}), V([0]byte{})},
+       {V(MyBytes{1}), V([1]byte{1})},
+       {V(MyBytes{1, 2}), V([2]byte{1, 2})},
+       {V(MyBytes{1, 2, 3}), V([3]byte{1, 2, 3})},
+       {V([]byte(nil)), V(MyBytesArray0{})},
+       {V([]byte{}), V(MyBytesArray0([0]byte{}))},
+       {V([]byte{1, 2, 3, 4}), V(MyBytesArray([4]byte{1, 2, 3, 4}))},
+       {V(MyBytes{}), V(MyBytesArray0([0]byte{}))},
+       {V(MyBytes{5, 6, 7, 8}), V(MyBytesArray([4]byte{5, 6, 7, 8}))},
+       {V([]MyByte{}), V([0]MyByte{})},
+       {V([]MyByte{1, 2}), V([2]MyByte{1, 2})},
+
        // slice to array pointer
        {V([]byte(nil)), V((*[0]byte)(nil))},
        {V([]byte{}), V(new([0]byte))},
@@ -4432,6 +4546,8 @@ var convertTests = []struct {
        // cannot convert mismatched array sizes
        {V([2]byte{}), V([2]byte{})},
        {V([3]byte{}), V([3]byte{})},
+       {V(MyBytesArray0{}), V([0]byte{})},
+       {V([0]byte{}), V(MyBytesArray0{})},
 
        // cannot convert other instances
        {V((**byte)(nil)), V((**byte)(nil))},
@@ -4607,6 +4723,34 @@ func TestConvertPanic(t *testing.T) {
        shouldPanic("reflect: cannot convert slice with length 4 to pointer to array with length 8", func() {
                _ = v.Convert(pt)
        })
+
+       if v.CanConvert(pt.Elem()) {
+               t.Errorf("slice with length 4 should not be convertible to [8]byte")
+       }
+       shouldPanic("reflect: cannot convert slice with length 4 to array with length 8", func() {
+               _ = v.Convert(pt.Elem())
+       })
+}
+
+func TestConvertSlice2Array(t *testing.T) {
+       s := make([]int, 4)
+       p := [4]int{}
+       pt := TypeOf(p)
+       ov := ValueOf(s)
+       v := ov.Convert(pt)
+       // Converting a slice to non-empty array needs to return
+       // a non-addressable copy of the original memory.
+       if v.CanAddr() {
+               t.Fatalf("convert slice to non-empty array returns a addressable copy array")
+       }
+       for i := range s {
+               ov.Index(i).Set(ValueOf(i + 1))
+       }
+       for i := range s {
+               if v.Index(i).Int() != 0 {
+                       t.Fatalf("slice (%v) mutation visible in converted result (%v)", ov, v)
+               }
+       }
 }
 
 var gFloat32 float32
@@ -5834,6 +5978,87 @@ func TestStructOfDifferentPkgPath(t *testing.T) {
        })
 }
 
+func TestStructOfTooLarge(t *testing.T) {
+       t1 := TypeOf(byte(0))
+       t2 := TypeOf(int16(0))
+       t4 := TypeOf(int32(0))
+       t0 := ArrayOf(0, t1)
+
+       // 2^64-3 sized type (or 2^32-3 on 32-bit archs)
+       bigType := StructOf([]StructField{
+               {Name: "F1", Type: ArrayOf(int(^uintptr(0)>>1), t1)},
+               {Name: "F2", Type: ArrayOf(int(^uintptr(0)>>1-1), t1)},
+       })
+
+       type test struct {
+               shouldPanic bool
+               fields      []StructField
+       }
+
+       tests := [...]test{
+               {
+                       shouldPanic: false, // 2^64-1, ok
+                       fields: []StructField{
+                               {Name: "F1", Type: bigType},
+                               {Name: "F2", Type: ArrayOf(2, t1)},
+                       },
+               },
+               {
+                       shouldPanic: true, // overflow in total size
+                       fields: []StructField{
+                               {Name: "F1", Type: bigType},
+                               {Name: "F2", Type: ArrayOf(3, t1)},
+                       },
+               },
+               {
+                       shouldPanic: true, // overflow while aligning F2
+                       fields: []StructField{
+                               {Name: "F1", Type: bigType},
+                               {Name: "F2", Type: t4},
+                       },
+               },
+               {
+                       shouldPanic: true, // overflow while adding trailing byte for zero-sized fields
+                       fields: []StructField{
+                               {Name: "F1", Type: bigType},
+                               {Name: "F2", Type: ArrayOf(2, t1)},
+                               {Name: "F3", Type: t0},
+                       },
+               },
+               {
+                       shouldPanic: true, // overflow while aligning total size
+                       fields: []StructField{
+                               {Name: "F1", Type: t2},
+                               {Name: "F2", Type: bigType},
+                       },
+               },
+       }
+
+       for i, tt := range tests {
+               func() {
+                       defer func() {
+                               err := recover()
+                               if !tt.shouldPanic {
+                                       if err != nil {
+                                               t.Errorf("test %d should not panic, got %s", i, err)
+                                       }
+                                       return
+                               }
+                               if err == nil {
+                                       t.Errorf("test %d expected to panic", i)
+                                       return
+                               }
+                               s := fmt.Sprintf("%s", err)
+                               if s != "reflect.StructOf: struct size would exceed virtual address space" {
+                                       t.Errorf("test %d wrong panic message: %s", i, s)
+                                       return
+                               }
+                       }()
+                       _ = StructOf(tt.fields)
+               }()
+       }
+}
+
 func TestChanOf(t *testing.T) {
        // check construction and use of type not in binary
        type T string
@@ -6092,30 +6317,13 @@ func TestFuncOf(t *testing.T) {
        FuncOf([]Type{TypeOf(1), TypeOf(""), SliceOf(TypeOf(false))}, nil, true)
        shouldPanic("must be slice", func() { FuncOf([]Type{TypeOf(0), TypeOf(""), TypeOf(false)}, nil, true) })
        shouldPanic("must be slice", func() { FuncOf(nil, nil, true) })
-}
 
-type B1 struct {
-       X int
-       Y int
-       Z int
-}
-
-func BenchmarkFieldByName1(b *testing.B) {
-       t := TypeOf(B1{})
-       b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
-               for pb.Next() {
-                       t.FieldByName("Z")
-               }
-       })
-}
-
-func BenchmarkFieldByName2(b *testing.B) {
-       t := TypeOf(S3{})
-       b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
-               for pb.Next() {
-                       t.FieldByName("B")
-               }
-       })
+       //testcase for  #54669
+       var in []Type
+       for i := 0; i < 51; i++ {
+               in = append(in, TypeOf(1))
+       }
+       FuncOf(in, nil, false)
 }
 
 type R0 struct {
@@ -6196,30 +6404,6 @@ func TestEmbed(t *testing.T) {
        }
 }
 
-func BenchmarkFieldByName3(b *testing.B) {
-       t := TypeOf(R0{})
-       b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
-               for pb.Next() {
-                       t.FieldByName("X")
-               }
-       })
-}
-
-type S struct {
-       i1 int64
-       i2 int64
-}
-
-func BenchmarkInterfaceBig(b *testing.B) {
-       v := ValueOf(S{})
-       b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
-               for pb.Next() {
-                       v.Interface()
-               }
-       })
-       b.StopTimer()
-}
-
 func TestAllocsInterfaceBig(t *testing.T) {
        if testing.Short() {
                t.Skip("skipping malloc count in short mode")
@@ -6230,15 +6414,6 @@ func TestAllocsInterfaceBig(t *testing.T) {
        }
 }
 
-func BenchmarkInterfaceSmall(b *testing.B) {
-       v := ValueOf(int64(0))
-       b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
-               for pb.Next() {
-                       v.Interface()
-               }
-       })
-}
-
 func TestAllocsInterfaceSmall(t *testing.T) {
        if testing.Short() {
                t.Skip("skipping malloc count in short mode")
@@ -6851,12 +7026,33 @@ func TestFuncLayout(t *testing.T) {
        }
 }
 
+// trimBitmap removes trailing 0 elements from b and returns the result.
+func trimBitmap(b []byte) []byte {
+       for len(b) > 0 && b[len(b)-1] == 0 {
+               b = b[:len(b)-1]
+       }
+       return b
+}
+
 func verifyGCBits(t *testing.T, typ Type, bits []byte) {
        heapBits := GCBits(New(typ).Interface())
-       if !bytes.Equal(heapBits, bits) {
-               _, _, line, _ := runtime.Caller(1)
-               t.Errorf("line %d: heapBits incorrect for %v\nhave %v\nwant %v", line, typ, heapBits, bits)
+
+       // Trim scalars at the end, as bits might end in zero,
+       // e.g. with rep(2, lit(1, 0)).
+       bits = trimBitmap(bits)
+
+       if bytes.HasPrefix(heapBits, bits) {
+               // Just the prefix matching is OK.
+               //
+               // The Go runtime's pointer/scalar iterator generates pointers beyond
+               // the size of the type, up to the size of the size class. This space
+               // is safe for the GC to scan since it's zero, and GCBits checks to
+               // make sure that's true. But we need to handle the fact that the bitmap
+               // may be larger than we expect.
+               return
        }
+       _, _, line, _ := runtime.Caller(1)
+       t.Errorf("line %d: heapBits incorrect for %v\nhave %v\nwant %v", line, typ, heapBits, bits)
 }
 
 func verifyGCBitsSlice(t *testing.T, typ Type, cap int, bits []byte) {
@@ -6865,17 +7061,20 @@ func verifyGCBitsSlice(t *testing.T, typ Type, cap int, bits []byte) {
        // repeat a bitmap for a small array or executing a repeat in
        // a GC program.
        val := MakeSlice(typ, 0, cap)
-       data := NewAt(ArrayOf(cap, typ), val.UnsafePointer())
+       data := NewAt(typ.Elem(), val.UnsafePointer())
        heapBits := GCBits(data.Interface())
        // Repeat the bitmap for the slice size, trimming scalars in
        // the last element.
-       bits = rep(cap, bits)
-       for len(bits) > 0 && bits[len(bits)-1] == 0 {
-               bits = bits[:len(bits)-1]
+       bits = trimBitmap(rep(cap, bits))
+       if bytes.Equal(heapBits, bits) {
+               return
        }
-       if !bytes.Equal(heapBits, bits) {
-               t.Errorf("heapBits incorrect for make(%v, 0, %v)\nhave %v\nwant %v", typ, cap, heapBits, bits)
+       if len(heapBits) > len(bits) && bytes.Equal(heapBits[:len(bits)], bits) {
+               // Just the prefix matching is OK.
+               return
        }
+       _, _, line, _ := runtime.Caller(1)
+       t.Errorf("line %d: heapBits incorrect for make(%v, 0, %v)\nhave %v\nwant %v", line, typ, cap, heapBits, bits)
 }
 
 func TestGCBits(t *testing.T) {
@@ -7011,7 +7210,7 @@ func TestGCBits(t *testing.T) {
        verifyGCBits(t, TypeOf(([][10000]Xscalar)(nil)), lit(1))
        verifyGCBits(t, SliceOf(ArrayOf(10000, Tscalar)), lit(1))
 
-       hdr := make([]byte, 8/goarch.PtrSize)
+       hdr := make([]byte, bucketCount/goarch.PtrSize)
 
        verifyMapBucket := func(t *testing.T, k, e Type, m any, want []byte) {
                verifyGCBits(t, MapBucketOf(k, e), want)
@@ -7020,14 +7219,14 @@ func TestGCBits(t *testing.T) {
        verifyMapBucket(t,
                Tscalar, Tptr,
                map[Xscalar]Xptr(nil),
-               join(hdr, rep(8, lit(0)), rep(8, lit(1)), lit(1)))
+               join(hdr, rep(bucketCount, lit(0)), rep(bucketCount, lit(1)), lit(1)))
        verifyMapBucket(t,
                Tscalarptr, Tptr,
                map[Xscalarptr]Xptr(nil),
-               join(hdr, rep(8, lit(0, 1)), rep(8, lit(1)), lit(1)))
+               join(hdr, rep(bucketCount, lit(0, 1)), rep(bucketCount, lit(1)), lit(1)))
        verifyMapBucket(t, Tint64, Tptr,
                map[int64]Xptr(nil),
-               join(hdr, rep(8, rep(8/goarch.PtrSize, lit(0))), rep(8, lit(1)), lit(1)))
+               join(hdr, rep(bucketCount, rep(8/goarch.PtrSize, lit(0))), rep(bucketCount, lit(1)), lit(1)))
        verifyMapBucket(t,
                Tscalar, Tscalar,
                map[Xscalar]Xscalar(nil),
@@ -7035,23 +7234,23 @@ func TestGCBits(t *testing.T) {
        verifyMapBucket(t,
                ArrayOf(2, Tscalarptr), ArrayOf(3, Tptrscalar),
                map[[2]Xscalarptr][3]Xptrscalar(nil),
-               join(hdr, rep(8*2, lit(0, 1)), rep(8*3, lit(1, 0)), lit(1)))
+               join(hdr, rep(bucketCount*2, lit(0, 1)), rep(bucketCount*3, lit(1, 0)), lit(1)))
        verifyMapBucket(t,
                ArrayOf(64/goarch.PtrSize, Tscalarptr), ArrayOf(64/goarch.PtrSize, Tptrscalar),
                map[[64 / goarch.PtrSize]Xscalarptr][64 / goarch.PtrSize]Xptrscalar(nil),
-               join(hdr, rep(8*64/goarch.PtrSize, lit(0, 1)), rep(8*64/goarch.PtrSize, lit(1, 0)), lit(1)))
+               join(hdr, rep(bucketCount*64/goarch.PtrSize, lit(0, 1)), rep(bucketCount*64/goarch.PtrSize, lit(1, 0)), lit(1)))
        verifyMapBucket(t,
                ArrayOf(64/goarch.PtrSize+1, Tscalarptr), ArrayOf(64/goarch.PtrSize, Tptrscalar),
                map[[64/goarch.PtrSize + 1]Xscalarptr][64 / goarch.PtrSize]Xptrscalar(nil),
-               join(hdr, rep(8, lit(1)), rep(8*64/goarch.PtrSize, lit(1, 0)), lit(1)))
+               join(hdr, rep(bucketCount, lit(1)), rep(bucketCount*64/goarch.PtrSize, lit(1, 0)), lit(1)))
        verifyMapBucket(t,
                ArrayOf(64/goarch.PtrSize, Tscalarptr), ArrayOf(64/goarch.PtrSize+1, Tptrscalar),
                map[[64 / goarch.PtrSize]Xscalarptr][64/goarch.PtrSize + 1]Xptrscalar(nil),
-               join(hdr, rep(8*64/goarch.PtrSize, lit(0, 1)), rep(8, lit(1)), lit(1)))
+               join(hdr, rep(bucketCount*64/goarch.PtrSize, lit(0, 1)), rep(bucketCount, lit(1)), lit(1)))
        verifyMapBucket(t,
                ArrayOf(64/goarch.PtrSize+1, Tscalarptr), ArrayOf(64/goarch.PtrSize+1, Tptrscalar),
                map[[64/goarch.PtrSize + 1]Xscalarptr][64/goarch.PtrSize + 1]Xptrscalar(nil),
-               join(hdr, rep(8, lit(1)), rep(8, lit(1)), lit(1)))
+               join(hdr, rep(bucketCount, lit(1)), rep(bucketCount, lit(1)), lit(1)))
 }
 
 func rep(n int, b []byte) []byte { return bytes.Repeat(b, n) }
@@ -7246,62 +7445,6 @@ func TestOffsetLock(t *testing.T) {
        wg.Wait()
 }
 
-func BenchmarkNew(b *testing.B) {
-       v := TypeOf(XM{})
-       b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
-               for pb.Next() {
-                       New(v)
-               }
-       })
-}
-
-func BenchmarkMap(b *testing.B) {
-       type V *int
-       value := ValueOf((V)(nil))
-       stringKeys := []string{}
-       mapOfStrings := map[string]V{}
-       uint64Keys := []uint64{}
-       mapOfUint64s := map[uint64]V{}
-       for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
-               stringKey := fmt.Sprintf("key%d", i)
-               stringKeys = append(stringKeys, stringKey)
-               mapOfStrings[stringKey] = nil
-
-               uint64Key := uint64(i)
-               uint64Keys = append(uint64Keys, uint64Key)
-               mapOfUint64s[uint64Key] = nil
-       }
-
-       tests := []struct {
-               label          string
-               m, keys, value Value
-       }{
-               {"StringKeys", ValueOf(mapOfStrings), ValueOf(stringKeys), value},
-               {"Uint64Keys", ValueOf(mapOfUint64s), ValueOf(uint64Keys), value},
-       }
-
-       for _, tt := range tests {
-               b.Run(tt.label, func(b *testing.B) {
-                       b.Run("MapIndex", func(b *testing.B) {
-                               b.ReportAllocs()
-                               for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-                                       for j := tt.keys.Len() - 1; j >= 0; j-- {
-                                               tt.m.MapIndex(tt.keys.Index(j))
-                                       }
-                               }
-                       })
-                       b.Run("SetMapIndex", func(b *testing.B) {
-                               b.ReportAllocs()
-                               for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-                                       for j := tt.keys.Len() - 1; j >= 0; j-- {
-                                               tt.m.SetMapIndex(tt.keys.Index(j), tt.value)
-                                       }
-                               }
-                       })
-               })
-       }
-}
-
 func TestSwapper(t *testing.T) {
        type I int
        var a, b, c I
@@ -7615,16 +7758,6 @@ func TestMapIterNext(t *testing.T) {
        }
 }
 
-func BenchmarkMapIterNext(b *testing.B) {
-       m := ValueOf(map[string]int{"a": 0, "b": 1, "c": 2, "d": 3})
-       it := m.MapRange()
-       for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-               for it.Next() {
-               }
-               it.Reset(m)
-       }
-}
-
 func TestMapIterDelete0(t *testing.T) {
        // Delete all elements before first iteration.
        m := map[string]int{"one": 1, "two": 2, "three": 3}
@@ -7758,28 +7891,17 @@ func TestSetIter(t *testing.T) {
        if got := *y.Interface().(*int); got != b {
                t.Errorf("pointer incorrect: got %d want %d", got, b)
        }
-}
-
-//go:notinheap
-type nih struct{ x int }
-
-var global_nih = nih{x: 7}
-
-func TestNotInHeapDeref(t *testing.T) {
-       // See issue 48399.
-       v := ValueOf((*nih)(nil))
-       v.Elem()
-       shouldPanic("reflect: call of reflect.Value.Field on zero Value", func() { v.Elem().Field(0) })
 
-       v = ValueOf(&global_nih)
-       if got := v.Elem().Field(0).Int(); got != 7 {
-               t.Fatalf("got %d, want 7", got)
+       // Make sure we panic assigning from an unexported field.
+       m = ValueOf(struct{ m map[string]int }{data}).Field(0)
+       for iter := m.MapRange(); iter.Next(); {
+               shouldPanic("using value obtained using unexported field", func() {
+                       k.SetIterKey(iter)
+               })
+               shouldPanic("using value obtained using unexported field", func() {
+                       v.SetIterValue(iter)
+               })
        }
-
-       v = ValueOf((*nih)(unsafe.Pointer(new(int))))
-       shouldPanic("reflect: reflect.Value.Elem on an invalid notinheap pointer", func() { v.Elem() })
-       shouldPanic("reflect: reflect.Value.Pointer on an invalid notinheap pointer", func() { v.Pointer() })
-       shouldPanic("reflect: reflect.Value.UnsafePointer on an invalid notinheap pointer", func() { v.UnsafePointer() })
 }
 
 func TestMethodCallValueCodePtr(t *testing.T) {
@@ -7815,3 +7937,519 @@ func TestNegativeKindString(t *testing.T) {
                t.Fatalf("Kind(-1).String() = %q, want %q", s, want)
        }
 }
+
+type (
+       namedBool  bool
+       namedBytes []byte
+)
+
+func TestValue_Cap(t *testing.T) {
+       a := &[3]int{1, 2, 3}
+       v := ValueOf(a)
+       if v.Cap() != cap(a) {
+               t.Errorf("Cap = %d want %d", v.Cap(), cap(a))
+       }
+
+       a = nil
+       v = ValueOf(a)
+       if v.Cap() != cap(a) {
+               t.Errorf("Cap = %d want %d", v.Cap(), cap(a))
+       }
+
+       getError := func(f func()) (errorStr string) {
+               defer func() {
+                       e := recover()
+                       if str, ok := e.(string); ok {
+                               errorStr = str
+                       }
+               }()
+               f()
+               return
+       }
+       e := getError(func() {
+               var ptr *int
+               ValueOf(ptr).Cap()
+       })
+       wantStr := "reflect: call of reflect.Value.Cap on ptr to non-array Value"
+       if e != wantStr {
+               t.Errorf("error is %q, want %q", e, wantStr)
+       }
+}
+
+func TestValue_Len(t *testing.T) {
+       a := &[3]int{1, 2, 3}
+       v := ValueOf(a)
+       if v.Len() != len(a) {
+               t.Errorf("Len = %d want %d", v.Len(), len(a))
+       }
+
+       a = nil
+       v = ValueOf(a)
+       if v.Len() != len(a) {
+               t.Errorf("Len = %d want %d", v.Len(), len(a))
+       }
+
+       getError := func(f func()) (errorStr string) {
+               defer func() {
+                       e := recover()
+                       if str, ok := e.(string); ok {
+                               errorStr = str
+                       }
+               }()
+               f()
+               return
+       }
+       e := getError(func() {
+               var ptr *int
+               ValueOf(ptr).Len()
+       })
+       wantStr := "reflect: call of reflect.Value.Len on ptr to non-array Value"
+       if e != wantStr {
+               t.Errorf("error is %q, want %q", e, wantStr)
+       }
+}
+
+func TestValue_Comparable(t *testing.T) {
+       var a int
+       var s []int
+       var i interface{} = a
+       var iSlice interface{} = s
+       var iArrayFalse interface{} = [2]interface{}{1, map[int]int{}}
+       var iArrayTrue interface{} = [2]interface{}{1, struct{ I interface{} }{1}}
+       var testcases = []struct {
+               value      Value
+               comparable bool
+               deref      bool
+       }{
+               {
+                       ValueOf(32),
+                       true,
+                       false,
+               },
+               {
+                       ValueOf(int8(1)),
+                       true,
+                       false,
+               },
+               {
+                       ValueOf(int16(1)),
+                       true,
+                       false,
+               },
+               {
+                       ValueOf(int32(1)),
+                       true,
+                       false,
+               },
+               {
+                       ValueOf(int64(1)),
+                       true,
+                       false,
+               },
+               {
+                       ValueOf(uint8(1)),
+                       true,
+                       false,
+               },
+               {
+                       ValueOf(uint16(1)),
+                       true,
+                       false,
+               },
+               {
+                       ValueOf(uint32(1)),
+                       true,
+                       false,
+               },
+               {
+                       ValueOf(uint64(1)),
+                       true,
+                       false,
+               },
+               {
+                       ValueOf(float32(1)),
+                       true,
+                       false,
+               },
+               {
+                       ValueOf(float64(1)),
+                       true,
+                       false,
+               },
+               {
+                       ValueOf(complex(float32(1), float32(1))),
+                       true,
+                       false,
+               },
+               {
+                       ValueOf(complex(float64(1), float64(1))),
+                       true,
+                       false,
+               },
+               {
+                       ValueOf("abc"),
+                       true,
+                       false,
+               },
+               {
+                       ValueOf(true),
+                       true,
+                       false,
+               },
+               {
+                       ValueOf(map[int]int{}),
+                       false,
+                       false,
+               },
+               {
+                       ValueOf([]int{}),
+                       false,
+                       false,
+               },
+               {
+                       Value{},
+                       false,
+                       false,
+               },
+               {
+                       ValueOf(&a),
+                       true,
+                       false,
+               },
+               {
+                       ValueOf(&s),
+                       true,
+                       false,
+               },
+               {
+                       ValueOf(&i),
+                       true,
+                       true,
+               },
+               {
+                       ValueOf(&iSlice),
+                       false,
+                       true,
+               },
+               {
+                       ValueOf([2]int{}),
+                       true,
+                       false,
+               },
+               {
+                       ValueOf([2]map[int]int{}),
+                       false,
+                       false,
+               },
+               {
+                       ValueOf([0]func(){}),
+                       false,
+                       false,
+               },
+               {
+                       ValueOf([2]struct{ I interface{} }{{1}, {1}}),
+                       true,
+                       false,
+               },
+               {
+                       ValueOf([2]struct{ I interface{} }{{[]int{}}, {1}}),
+                       false,
+                       false,
+               },
+               {
+                       ValueOf([2]interface{}{1, struct{ I int }{1}}),
+                       true,
+                       false,
+               },
+               {
+                       ValueOf([2]interface{}{[1]interface{}{map[int]int{}}, struct{ I int }{1}}),
+                       false,
+                       false,
+               },
+               {
+                       ValueOf(&iArrayFalse),
+                       false,
+                       true,
+               },
+               {
+                       ValueOf(&iArrayTrue),
+                       true,
+                       true,
+               },
+       }
+
+       for _, cas := range testcases {
+               v := cas.value
+               if cas.deref {
+                       v = v.Elem()
+               }
+               got := v.Comparable()
+               if got != cas.comparable {
+                       t.Errorf("%T.Comparable = %t, want %t", v, got, cas.comparable)
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+type ValueEqualTest struct {
+       v, u           any
+       eq             bool
+       vDeref, uDeref bool
+}
+
+var equalI interface{} = 1
+var equalSlice interface{} = []int{1}
+var nilInterface interface{}
+var mapInterface interface{} = map[int]int{}
+
+var valueEqualTests = []ValueEqualTest{
+       {
+               Value{}, Value{},
+               true,
+               false, false,
+       },
+       {
+               true, true,
+               true,
+               false, false,
+       },
+       {
+               1, 1,
+               true,
+               false, false,
+       },
+       {
+               int8(1), int8(1),
+               true,
+               false, false,
+       },
+       {
+               int16(1), int16(1),
+               true,
+               false, false,
+       },
+       {
+               int32(1), int32(1),
+               true,
+               false, false,
+       },
+       {
+               int64(1), int64(1),
+               true,
+               false, false,
+       },
+       {
+               uint(1), uint(1),
+               true,
+               false, false,
+       },
+       {
+               uint8(1), uint8(1),
+               true,
+               false, false,
+       },
+       {
+               uint16(1), uint16(1),
+               true,
+               false, false,
+       },
+       {
+               uint32(1), uint32(1),
+               true,
+               false, false,
+       },
+       {
+               uint64(1), uint64(1),
+               true,
+               false, false,
+       },
+       {
+               float32(1), float32(1),
+               true,
+               false, false,
+       },
+       {
+               float64(1), float64(1),
+               true,
+               false, false,
+       },
+       {
+               complex(1, 1), complex(1, 1),
+               true,
+               false, false,
+       },
+       {
+               complex128(1 + 1i), complex128(1 + 1i),
+               true,
+               false, false,
+       },
+       {
+               func() {}, nil,
+               false,
+               false, false,
+       },
+       {
+               &equalI, 1,
+               true,
+               true, false,
+       },
+       {
+               (chan int)(nil), nil,
+               false,
+               false, false,
+       },
+       {
+               (chan int)(nil), (chan int)(nil),
+               true,
+               false, false,
+       },
+       {
+               &equalI, &equalI,
+               true,
+               false, false,
+       },
+       {
+               struct{ i int }{1}, struct{ i int }{1},
+               true,
+               false, false,
+       },
+       {
+               struct{ i int }{1}, struct{ i int }{2},
+               false,
+               false, false,
+       },
+       {
+               &nilInterface, &nilInterface,
+               true,
+               true, true,
+       },
+       {
+               1, ValueOf(struct{ i int }{1}).Field(0),
+               true,
+               false, false,
+       },
+}
+
+func TestValue_Equal(t *testing.T) {
+       for _, test := range valueEqualTests {
+               var v, u Value
+               if vv, ok := test.v.(Value); ok {
+                       v = vv
+               } else {
+                       v = ValueOf(test.v)
+               }
+
+               if uu, ok := test.u.(Value); ok {
+                       u = uu
+               } else {
+                       u = ValueOf(test.u)
+               }
+               if test.vDeref {
+                       v = v.Elem()
+               }
+
+               if test.uDeref {
+                       u = u.Elem()
+               }
+
+               if r := v.Equal(u); r != test.eq {
+                       t.Errorf("%s == %s got %t, want %t", v.Type(), u.Type(), r, test.eq)
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+func TestValue_EqualNonComparable(t *testing.T) {
+       var invalid = Value{} // ValueOf(nil)
+       var values = []Value{
+               // Value of slice is non-comparable.
+               ValueOf([]int(nil)),
+               ValueOf(([]int{})),
+
+               // Value of map is non-comparable.
+               ValueOf(map[int]int(nil)),
+               ValueOf((map[int]int{})),
+
+               // Value of func is non-comparable.
+               ValueOf(((func())(nil))),
+               ValueOf(func() {}),
+
+               // Value of struct is non-comparable because of non-comparable elements.
+               ValueOf((NonComparableStruct{})),
+
+               // Value of array is non-comparable because of non-comparable elements.
+               ValueOf([0]map[int]int{}),
+               ValueOf([0]func(){}),
+               ValueOf(([1]struct{ I interface{} }{{[]int{}}})),
+               ValueOf(([1]interface{}{[1]interface{}{map[int]int{}}})),
+       }
+       for _, value := range values {
+               // Panic when reflect.Value.Equal using two valid non-comparable values.
+               shouldPanic("are not comparable", func() { value.Equal(value) })
+
+               // If one is non-comparable and the other is invalid, the expected result is always false.
+               if r := value.Equal(invalid); r != false {
+                       t.Errorf("%s == invalid got %t, want false", value.Type(), r)
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+func TestInitFuncTypes(t *testing.T) {
+       n := 100
+       var wg sync.WaitGroup
+
+       wg.Add(n)
+       for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+               go func() {
+                       defer wg.Done()
+                       ipT := TypeOf(net.IP{})
+                       for i := 0; i < ipT.NumMethod(); i++ {
+                               _ = ipT.Method(i)
+                       }
+               }()
+       }
+       wg.Wait()
+}
+
+func TestClear(t *testing.T) {
+       m := make(map[string]any, len(valueTests))
+       for _, tt := range valueTests {
+               m[tt.s] = tt.i
+       }
+       mapTestFn := func(v Value) bool { v.Clear(); return v.Len() == 0 }
+
+       s := make([]*pair, len(valueTests))
+       for i := range s {
+               s[i] = &valueTests[i]
+       }
+       sliceTestFn := func(v Value) bool {
+               v.Clear()
+               for i := 0; i < v.Len(); i++ {
+                       if !v.Index(i).IsZero() {
+                               return false
+                       }
+               }
+               return true
+       }
+
+       panicTestFn := func(v Value) bool { shouldPanic("reflect.Value.Clear", func() { v.Clear() }); return true }
+
+       tests := []struct {
+               name     string
+               value    Value
+               testFunc func(v Value) bool
+       }{
+               {"map", ValueOf(m), mapTestFn},
+               {"slice no pointer", ValueOf([]int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}), sliceTestFn},
+               {"slice has pointer", ValueOf(s), sliceTestFn},
+               {"non-map/slice", ValueOf(1), panicTestFn},
+       }
+
+       for _, tc := range tests {
+               tc := tc
+               t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+                       t.Parallel()
+                       if !tc.testFunc(tc.value) {
+                               t.Errorf("unexpected result for value.Clear(): %value", tc.value)
+                       }
+               })
+       }
+}