1 // errorcheck -0 -N -m -l
3 // Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
4 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
5 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
7 // Test, using compiler diagnostic flags, that the escape analysis is working.
8 // Compiles but does not run. Inlining is disabled.
9 // Registerization is disabled too (-N), which should
10 // have no effect on escape analysis.
21 func foo1(x int) { // ERROR "moved to heap: x"
22 gxx = &x // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
25 func foo2(yy *int) { // ERROR "leaking param: yy"
29 func foo3(x int) *int { // ERROR "moved to heap: x"
30 return &x // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
35 func foo3b(t T) { // ERROR "leaking param: t"
39 // xx isn't going anywhere, so use of yy is ok
40 func foo4(xx, yy *int) { // ERROR "xx does not escape" "yy does not escape"
44 // xx isn't going anywhere, so taking address of yy is ok
45 func foo5(xx **int, yy *int) { // ERROR "xx does not escape" "yy does not escape"
46 xx = &yy // ERROR "&yy does not escape"
49 func foo6(xx **int, yy *int) { // ERROR "xx does not escape" "leaking param: yy"
53 func foo7(xx **int, yy *int) { // ERROR "xx does not escape" "yy does not escape"
57 func foo8(xx, yy *int) int { // ERROR "xx does not escape" "yy does not escape"
62 func foo9(xx, yy *int) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: xx" "leaking param: yy"
67 func foo10(xx, yy *int) { // ERROR "xx does not escape" "yy does not escape"
73 xx := &x // ERROR "&x does not escape"
74 yy := &y // ERROR "&y does not escape"
81 func foo12(yyy **int) { // ERROR "leaking param: yyy"
85 // Must treat yyy as leaking because *yyy leaks, and the escape analysis
86 // summaries in exported metadata do not distinguish these two cases.
87 func foo13(yyy **int) { // ERROR "leaking param: yyy"
91 func foo14(yyy **int) { // ERROR "yyy does not escape"
95 func foo15(yy *int) { // ERROR "moved to heap: yy"
96 xxx = &yy // ERROR "&yy escapes to heap"
99 func foo16(yy *int) { // ERROR "leaking param: yy"
103 func foo17(yy *int) { // ERROR "yy does not escape"
107 func foo18(y int) { // ERROR "moved to heap: "y"
108 *xxx = &y // ERROR "&y escapes to heap"
121 return &Bar{42, nil} // ERROR "&Bar literal escapes to heap"
124 func NewBarp(x *int) *Bar { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
125 return &Bar{42, x} // ERROR "&Bar literal escapes to heap"
128 func NewBarp2(x *int) *Bar { // ERROR "x does not escape"
129 return &Bar{*x, nil} // ERROR "&Bar literal escapes to heap"
132 func (b *Bar) NoLeak() int { // ERROR "b does not escape"
136 func (b *Bar) Leak() *int { // ERROR "leaking param: b"
137 return &b.i // ERROR "&b.i escapes to heap"
140 func (b *Bar) AlsoNoLeak() *int { // ERROR "leaking param b content to result ~r0"
144 func (b Bar) AlsoLeak() *int { // ERROR "leaking param: b"
148 func (b Bar) LeaksToo() *int { // ERROR "leaking param: b"
149 v := 0 // ERROR "moved to heap: v"
150 b.ii = &v // ERROR "&v escapes"
154 func (b *Bar) LeaksABit() *int { // ERROR "leaking param b content to result ~r0"
155 v := 0 // ERROR "moved to heap: v"
156 b.ii = &v // ERROR "&v escapes"
160 func (b Bar) StillNoLeak() int { // ERROR "b does not escape"
162 b.ii = &v // ERROR "&v does not escape"
166 func goLeak(b *Bar) { // ERROR "leaking param: b"
175 func NewBar2() *Bar2 {
176 return &Bar2{[12]int{42}, nil} // ERROR "&Bar2 literal escapes to heap"
179 func (b *Bar2) NoLeak() int { // ERROR "b does not escape"
183 func (b *Bar2) Leak() []int { // ERROR "leaking param: b"
184 return b.i[:] // ERROR "b.i escapes to heap"
187 func (b *Bar2) AlsoNoLeak() []int { // ERROR "leaking param b content to result ~r0"
191 func (b Bar2) AgainNoLeak() [12]int { // ERROR "b does not escape"
195 func (b *Bar2) LeakSelf() { // ERROR "leaking param: b"
196 b.ii = b.i[0:4] // ERROR "b.i escapes to heap"
199 func (b *Bar2) LeakSelf2() { // ERROR "leaking param: b"
201 buf = b.i[0:] // ERROR "b.i escapes to heap"
205 func foo21() func() int {
207 return func() int { // ERROR "func literal escapes to heap"
212 func foo21a() func() int {
213 x := 42 // ERROR "moved to heap: x"
214 return func() int { // ERROR "func literal escapes to heap"
215 x++ // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
222 return func() int { // ERROR "func literal does not escape"
227 func foo23(x int) func() int {
228 return func() int { // ERROR "func literal escapes to heap"
233 func foo23a(x int) func() int {
234 f := func() int { // ERROR "func literal escapes to heap"
240 func foo23b(x int) *(func() int) {
241 f := func() int { return x } // ERROR "moved to heap: f" "func literal escapes to heap"
242 return &f // ERROR "&f escapes to heap"
245 func foo23c(x int) func() int { // ERROR "moved to heap: x"
246 return func() int { // ERROR "func literal escapes to heap"
247 x++ // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
252 func foo24(x int) int {
253 return func() int { // ERROR "func literal does not escape"
260 func fooleak(xx *int) int { // ERROR "leaking param: xx"
265 func foonoleak(xx *int) int { // ERROR "xx does not escape"
269 func foo31(x int) int { // ERROR "moved to heap: x"
270 return fooleak(&x) // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
273 func foo32(x int) int {
274 return foonoleak(&x) // ERROR "&x does not escape"
285 func (f *Foo) fooleak() { // ERROR "leaking param: f"
289 func (f *Foo) foonoleak() { // ERROR "f does not escape"
293 func (f *Foo) Leak() { // ERROR "leaking param: f"
297 func (f *Foo) NoLeak() { // ERROR "f does not escape"
301 func foo41(x int) { // ERROR "moved to heap: x"
302 F.xx = &x // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
305 func (f *Foo) foo42(x int) { // ERROR "f does not escape" "moved to heap: x"
306 f.xx = &x // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
309 func foo43(f *Foo, x int) { // ERROR "f does not escape" "moved to heap: x"
310 f.xx = &x // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
313 func foo44(yy *int) { // ERROR "leaking param: yy"
317 func (f *Foo) foo45() { // ERROR "f does not escape"
321 // See foo13 above for explanation of why f leaks.
322 func (f *Foo) foo46() { // ERROR "leaking param: f"
326 func (f *Foo) foo47() { // ERROR "leaking param: f"
327 f.xx = &f.x // ERROR "&f.x escapes to heap"
332 func foo50(i *int) { // ERROR "leaking param: i"
336 var ptrMap map[*int]*int
338 func foo51(i *int) { // ERROR "leaking param: i"
342 func indaddr1(x int) *int { // ERROR "moved to heap: x"
343 return &x // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
346 func indaddr2(x *int) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
347 return *&x // ERROR "&x does not escape"
350 func indaddr3(x *int32) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
351 return *(**int)(unsafe.Pointer(&x)) // ERROR "&x does not escape"
354 // From package math:
356 func Float32bits(f float32) uint32 {
357 return *(*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(&f)) // ERROR "&f does not escape"
360 func Float32frombits(b uint32) float32 {
361 return *(*float32)(unsafe.Pointer(&b)) // ERROR "&b does not escape"
364 func Float64bits(f float64) uint64 {
365 return *(*uint64)(unsafe.Pointer(&f)) // ERROR "&f does not escape"
368 func Float64frombits(b uint64) float64 {
369 return *(*float64)(unsafe.Pointer(&b)) // ERROR "&b does not escape"
373 func float64bitsptr(f float64) *uint64 { // ERROR "moved to heap: f"
374 return (*uint64)(unsafe.Pointer(&f)) // ERROR "&f escapes to heap"
377 func float64ptrbitsptr(f *float64) *uint64 { // ERROR "leaking param: f"
378 return (*uint64)(unsafe.Pointer(f))
381 func typesw(i interface{}) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: i"
382 switch val := i.(type) {
386 v := int(*val) // ERROR "moved to heap: v"
387 return &v // ERROR "&v escapes to heap"
392 func exprsw(i *int) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: i"
393 switch j := i; *j + 110 {
403 // assigning to an array element is like assigning to the array
404 func foo60(i *int) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: i"
410 func foo60a(i *int) *int { // ERROR "i does not escape"
416 // assigning to a struct field is like assigning to the struct
417 func foo61(i *int) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: i"
426 func foo61a(i *int) *int { // ERROR "i does not escape"
435 // assigning to a struct field is like assigning to the struct but
436 // here this subtlety is lost, since s.a counts as an assignment to a
437 // track-losing dereference.
438 func foo62(i *int) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: i"
442 s := new(S) // ERROR "new[(]S[)] does not escape"
451 func foo63(m M) { // ERROR "m does not escape"
454 func foo64(m M) { // ERROR "leaking param: m"
458 func foo64b(m M) { // ERROR "leaking param: m"
468 foo63(&mv) // ERROR "&mv does not escape"
472 var mv MV // ERROR "moved to heap: mv"
473 foo64(&mv) // ERROR "&mv escapes to heap"
478 foo63(mv) // ERROR "mv does not escape"
483 // escapes but it's an int so irrelevant
484 foo64(mv) // ERROR "mv escapes to heap"
487 func foo69(m M) { // ERROR "leaking param: m"
491 func foo70(mv1 *MV, m M) { // ERROR "leaking param: mv1" "leaking param: m"
492 m = mv1 // ERROR "mv1 escapes to heap"
496 func foo71(x *int) []*int { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
502 func foo71a(x int) []*int { // ERROR "moved to heap: x"
504 y = append(y, &x) // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
511 y[0] = &x // ERROR "&x does not escape"
514 func foo72aa() [10]*int {
515 var x int // ERROR "moved to heap: x"
517 y[0] = &x // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
523 for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
525 x := i // ERROR "moved to heap: x"
526 y[i] = &x // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
531 func foo72b() [10]*int {
533 for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
534 x := i // ERROR "moved to heap: x"
535 y[i] = &x // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
542 s := []int{3, 2, 1} // ERROR "\[\]int literal does not escape"
543 for _, v := range s {
545 // actually just escapes its scope
546 defer func() { // ERROR "func literal escapes to heap"
553 s := []int{3, 2, 1} // ERROR "\[\]int literal does not escape"
554 for _, v := range s {
555 vv := v // ERROR "moved to heap: vv"
556 // actually just escapes its scope
557 defer func() { // ERROR "func literal escapes to heap"
558 vv = 42 // ERROR "&vv escapes to heap"
565 s := []int{3, 2, 1} // ERROR "\[\]int literal does not escape"
566 for _, v := range s {
568 // actually just escapes its scope
569 fn := func() { // ERROR "func literal escapes to heap"
577 s := []int{3, 2, 1} // ERROR "\[\]int literal does not escape"
578 for _, v := range s {
579 vv := v // ERROR "moved to heap: vv"
580 // actually just escapes its scope
581 fn := func() { // ERROR "func literal escapes to heap"
582 vv += 1 // ERROR "&vv escapes to heap"
592 s := []int{3, 2, 1} // ERROR "\[\]int literal does not escape"
593 for i, v := range s {
595 // actually just escapes its scope
596 array[i] = func() { // ERROR "func literal escapes to heap"
604 s := []int{3, 2, 1} // ERROR "\[\]int literal does not escape"
605 for i, v := range s {
606 vv := v // ERROR "moved to heap: vv"
607 // actually just escapes its scope
608 array[i] = func() { // ERROR "func literal escapes to heap"
609 println(&vv) // ERROR "&vv escapes to heap" "&vv does not escape"
614 func myprint(y *int, x ...interface{}) *int { // ERROR "x does not escape" "leaking param: y to result ~r2"
618 func myprint1(y *int, x ...interface{}) *interface{} { // ERROR "y does not escape" "leaking param: x to result ~r2"
619 return &x[0] // ERROR "&x.0. escapes to heap"
622 func foo75(z *int) { // ERROR "z does not escape"
623 myprint(z, 1, 2, 3) // ERROR "[.][.][.] argument does not escape" "1 escapes to heap" "2 escapes to heap" "3 escapes to heap"
626 func foo75a(z *int) { // ERROR "z does not escape"
627 myprint1(z, 1, 2, 3) // ERROR "[.][.][.] argument does not escape" "1 escapes to heap" "2 escapes to heap" "3 escapes to heap"
630 func foo75esc(z *int) { // ERROR "leaking param: z"
631 gxx = myprint(z, 1, 2, 3) // ERROR "[.][.][.] argument does not escape" "1 escapes to heap" "2 escapes to heap" "3 escapes to heap"
634 func foo75aesc(z *int) { // ERROR "z does not escape"
635 var ppi **interface{} // assignments to pointer dereferences lose track
636 *ppi = myprint1(z, 1, 2, 3) // ERROR "[.][.][.] argument escapes to heap" "1 escapes to heap" "2 escapes to heap" "3 escapes to heap"
639 func foo75aesc1(z *int) { // ERROR "z does not escape"
640 sink = myprint1(z, 1, 2, 3) // ERROR "[.][.][.] argument escapes to heap" "myprint1\(z, 1, 2, 3\) escapes to heap" "1 escapes to heap" "2 escapes to heap" "3 escapes to heap"
643 // BAD: z does not escape here
644 func foo76(z *int) { // ERROR "leaking param: z"
645 myprint(nil, z) // ERROR "[.][.][.] argument does not escape" "z escapes to heap"
648 // BAD: z does not escape here
649 func foo76a(z *int) { // ERROR "leaking param: z"
650 myprint1(nil, z) // ERROR "[.][.][.] argument does not escape" "z escapes to heap"
654 myprint(nil, 1, 2, 3) // ERROR "[.][.][.] argument does not escape" "1 escapes to heap" "2 escapes to heap" "3 escapes to heap"
658 myprint1(nil, 1, 2, 3) // ERROR "[.][.][.] argument does not escape" "1 escapes to heap" "2 escapes to heap" "3 escapes to heap"
662 defer myprint(nil, 1, 2, 3) // ERROR "[.][.][.] argument does not escape" "1 escapes to heap" "2 escapes to heap" "3 escapes to heap"
666 defer myprint1(nil, 1, 2, 3) // ERROR "[.][.][.] argument does not escape" "1 escapes to heap" "2 escapes to heap" "3 escapes to heap"
671 // TODO: This one really only escapes its scope, but we don't distinguish yet.
672 defer myprint(nil, 1, 2, 3) // ERROR "[.][.][.] argument escapes to heap" "1 escapes to heap" "2 escapes to heap" "3 escapes to heap"
678 defer myprint1(nil, 1, 2, 3) // ERROR "[.][.][.] argument escapes to heap" "1 escapes to heap" "2 escapes to heap" "3 escapes to heap"
682 func foo77(z []interface{}) { // ERROR "z does not escape"
683 myprint(nil, z...) // z does not escape
686 func foo77a(z []interface{}) { // ERROR "z does not escape"
690 func foo77b(z []interface{}) { // ERROR "leaking param: z"
691 var ppi **interface{}
692 *ppi = myprint1(nil, z...)
695 func foo77c(z []interface{}) { // ERROR "leaking param: z"
696 sink = myprint1(nil, z...) // ERROR "myprint1\(nil, z\.\.\.\) escapes to heap"
700 // BAD: i should not escape here
701 i := 0 // ERROR "moved to heap: i"
702 myprint(nil, &i) // ERROR "&i escapes to heap" "\.\.\. argument does not escape"
704 // BAD: j should not escape here
705 j := 0 // ERROR "moved to heap: j"
706 myprint1(nil, &j) // ERROR "&j escapes to heap" "\.\.\. argument does not escape"
709 func foo78(z int) *int { // ERROR "moved to heap: z"
710 return &z // ERROR "&z escapes to heap"
713 func foo78a(z int) *int { // ERROR "moved to heap: z"
714 y := &z // ERROR "&z escapes to heap"
715 x := &y // ERROR "&y does not escape"
716 return *x // really return y
720 return new(int) // ERROR "new[(]int[)] escapes to heap"
726 // Really just escapes its scope but we don't distinguish
727 z = new(int) // ERROR "new[(]int[)] escapes to heap"
735 z := new(int) // ERROR "new[(]int[)] does not escape"
741 func tee(p *int) (x, y *int) { return p, p } // ERROR "leaking param"
743 func noop(x, y *int) {} // ERROR "does not escape"
746 var x, y, z int // ERROR "moved to heap"
747 go noop(tee(&z)) // ERROR "&z escapes to heap"
748 go noop(&x, &y) // ERROR "escapes to heap"
750 var u, v, w int // ERROR "moved to heap"
751 defer noop(tee(&u)) // ERROR "&u escapes to heap"
752 defer noop(&v, &w) // ERROR "escapes to heap"
756 type Fooer interface {
760 type LimitedFooer struct {
765 func LimitFooer(r Fooer, n int64) Fooer { // ERROR "leaking param: r"
766 return &LimitedFooer{r, n} // ERROR "&LimitedFooer literal escapes to heap"
769 func foo90(x *int) map[*int]*int { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
770 return map[*int]*int{nil: x} // ERROR "map\[\*int\]\*int literal escapes to heap"
773 func foo91(x *int) map[*int]*int { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
774 return map[*int]*int{x: nil} // ERROR "map\[\*int\]\*int literal escapes to heap"
777 func foo92(x *int) [2]*int { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
778 return [2]*int{x, nil}
782 func foo93(c chan *int) *int { // ERROR "c does not escape"
790 func foo94(m map[*int]*int, b bool) *int { // ERROR "m does not escape"
791 for k, v := range m {
801 func foo95(m map[*int]*int, x *int) { // ERROR "m does not escape" "leaking param: x"
806 func foo96(m []*int) *int { // ERROR "m does not escape"
811 func foo97(m [1]*int) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: m"
816 func foo98(m map[int]*int) *int { // ERROR "m does not escape"
821 func foo99(m *[1]*int) []*int { // ERROR "leaking param: m"
826 func foo100(m []*int) *int { // ERROR "m does not escape"
827 for _, v := range m {
834 func foo101(m [1]*int) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: m"
835 for _, v := range m {
842 func foo101a(m [1]*int) *int { // ERROR "m does not escape"
843 for i := range m { // ERROR "moved to heap: i"
844 return &i // ERROR "&i escapes to heap"
850 func foo102(m []*int, x *int) { // ERROR "m does not escape" "leaking param: x"
855 func foo103(m [1]*int, x *int) { // ERROR "m does not escape" "x does not escape"
862 func foo104(x []*int) { // ERROR "x does not escape"
867 func foo105(x []*int) { // ERROR "x does not escape"
872 func foo106(x *int) { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
876 func foo107(x *int) map[*int]*int { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
877 return map[*int]*int{x: nil} // ERROR "map.* literal escapes to heap"
880 func foo108(x *int) map[*int]*int { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
881 return map[*int]*int{nil: x} // ERROR "map.* literal escapes to heap"
884 func foo109(x *int) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
885 m := map[*int]*int{x: nil} // ERROR "map.* literal does not escape"
886 for k, _ := range m {
892 func foo110(x *int) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
893 m := map[*int]*int{nil: x} // ERROR "map.* literal does not escape"
897 func foo111(x *int) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
898 m := []*int{x} // ERROR "\[\]\*int literal does not escape"
902 func foo112(x *int) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
907 func foo113(x *int) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
912 func foo114(x *int) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
913 m := &Bar{ii: x} // ERROR "&Bar literal does not escape"
917 func foo115(x *int) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
918 return (*int)(unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(x)) + 1))
921 func foo116(b bool) *int {
923 x := 1 // ERROR "moved to heap: x"
924 return &x // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
926 y := 1 // ERROR "moved to heap: y"
927 return &y // ERROR "&y escapes to heap"
932 func foo117(unknown func(interface{})) { // ERROR "unknown does not escape"
933 x := 1 // ERROR "moved to heap: x"
934 unknown(&x) // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
937 func foo118(unknown func(*int)) { // ERROR "unknown does not escape"
938 x := 1 // ERROR "moved to heap: x"
939 unknown(&x) // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
944 func foo119(x *int) { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
949 // formerly exponential time analysis
1050 // use the labels to silence compiler errors
1154 for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
1155 defer myprint(nil, i) // ERROR "[.][.][.] argument escapes to heap" "i escapes to heap"
1156 go myprint(nil, i) // ERROR "[.][.][.] argument escapes to heap" "i escapes to heap"
1160 // same as foo121 but check across import
1162 for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
1163 defer fmt.Printf("%d", i) // ERROR "[.][.][.] argument escapes to heap" "i escapes to heap"
1164 go fmt.Printf("%d", i) // ERROR "[.][.][.] argument escapes to heap" "i escapes to heap"
1168 // a harmless forward jump
1174 i = new(int) // ERROR "new.int. does not escape"
1178 // a backward jump, increases loopdepth
1183 i = new(int) // ERROR "new.int. escapes to heap"
1189 func foo124(x **int) { // ERROR "x does not escape"
1190 var i int // ERROR "moved to heap: i"
1191 p := &i // ERROR "&i escapes"
1192 func() { // ERROR "func literal does not escape"
1193 *x = p // ERROR "leaking closure reference p"
1197 func foo125(ch chan *int) { // ERROR "does not escape"
1198 var i int // ERROR "moved to heap"
1199 p := &i // ERROR "&i escapes to heap"
1200 func() { // ERROR "func literal does not escape"
1201 ch <- p // ERROR "leaking closure reference p"
1206 var px *int // loopdepth 0
1209 var i int // ERROR "moved to heap"
1210 func() { // ERROR "func literal does not escape"
1211 px = &i // ERROR "&i escapes"
1220 var i int // ERROR "moved to heap: i"
1221 p := &i // ERROR "&i escapes to heap"
1228 p := &i // ERROR "&i does not escape"
1234 var i int // ERROR "moved to heap: i"
1235 p := &i // ERROR "&i escapes to heap"
1236 func() { // ERROR "func literal does not escape"
1237 q := p // ERROR "leaking closure reference p"
1238 func() { // ERROR "func literal does not escape"
1239 r := q // ERROR "leaking closure reference q"
1247 var i int // ERROR "moved to heap"
1248 func() { // ERROR "func literal does not escape"
1249 px = &i // ERROR "&i escapes" "leaking closure reference i"
1255 var i int // ERROR "moved to heap"
1256 func() { // ERROR "func literal does not escape"
1257 px = &i // ERROR "&i escapes" "leaking closure reference i"
1262 var i int // ERROR "moved to heap"
1263 go func() { // ERROR "func literal escapes to heap"
1264 px = &i // ERROR "&i escapes" "leaking closure reference i"
1269 var i int // ERROR "moved to heap"
1270 defer func() { // ERROR "func literal does not escape"
1271 px = &i // ERROR "&i escapes" "leaking closure reference i"
1277 p := &i // ERROR "&i does not escape"
1278 func() { // ERROR "func literal does not escape"
1280 func() { // ERROR "func literal does not escape"
1288 var i int // ERROR "moved to heap: i"
1289 p := &i // ERROR "&i escapes to heap"
1290 go func() { // ERROR "func literal escapes to heap"
1292 func() { // ERROR "func literal does not escape"
1300 var i int // ERROR "moved to heap: i"
1301 p := &i // ERROR "&i escapes to heap"
1302 go func() { // ERROR "func literal escapes to heap"
1303 q := p // ERROR "leaking closure reference p"
1304 func() { // ERROR "func literal does not escape"
1305 r := q // ERROR "leaking closure reference q"
1312 var i int // ERROR "moved to heap: i"
1313 p := &i // ERROR "&i escapes to heap"
1314 func() { // ERROR "func literal does not escape"
1315 q := p // ERROR "leaking closure reference p"
1316 go func() { // ERROR "func literal escapes to heap"
1323 func foo138() *byte {
1327 t := new(T) // ERROR "new.T. escapes to heap"
1328 return &t.x[0] // ERROR "&t.x.0. escapes to heap"
1331 func foo139() *byte {
1337 t := new(T) // ERROR "new.T. escapes to heap"
1338 return &t.x.y // ERROR "&t.x.y escapes to heap"
1342 func foo140() interface{} {
1350 t := &T{} // ERROR "&T literal escapes to heap"
1351 return U{ // ERROR "U literal escapes to heap"
1365 func F3(x []byte) // ERROR "F3 x does not escape"
1371 F1(buf1[:]) // ERROR "buf1 does not escape"
1373 var buf2 [10]byte // ERROR "moved to heap: buf2"
1374 F2(buf2[:]) // ERROR "buf2 escapes to heap"
1377 F3(buf3[:]) // ERROR "buf3 does not escape"
1379 var buf4 [10]byte // ERROR "moved to heap: buf4"
1380 F4(buf4[:]) // ERROR "buf4 escapes to heap"
1387 func (t *Tm) M() { // ERROR "t does not escape"
1393 t := new(Tm) // ERROR "escapes to heap"
1394 f = t.M // ERROR "t.M does not escape"
1401 t := new(Tm) // ERROR "escapes to heap"
1402 gf = t.M // ERROR "t.M escapes to heap"
1407 for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
1408 func() { // ERROR "func literal does not escape"
1409 for i := 0; i < 1; i++ {
1411 t.M() // ERROR "t does not escape"
1418 // Check that annotations take effect regardless of whether they
1419 // are before or after the use in the source code.
1427 foo144a(&x) // ERROR "&x does not escape"
1429 foo144b(&y) // ERROR "&y does not escape"
1436 // issue 7313: for loop init should not be treated as "in loop"
1442 func foo145(l List) { // ERROR "l does not escape"
1444 for p = &l; p.Next != nil; p = p.Next { // ERROR "&l does not escape"
1448 func foo146(l List) { // ERROR "l does not escape"
1450 p = &l // ERROR "&l does not escape"
1451 for ; p.Next != nil; p = p.Next {
1455 func foo147(l List) { // ERROR "l does not escape"
1457 p = &l // ERROR "&l does not escape"
1463 func foo148(l List) { // ERROR " l does not escape"
1464 for p := &l; p.Next != nil; p = p.Next { // ERROR "&l does not escape"
1468 // related: address of variable should have depth of variable, not of loop
1470 func foo149(l List) { // ERROR " l does not escape"
1473 for p = &l; p.Next != nil; p = p.Next { // ERROR "&l does not escape"
1478 // issue 7934: missed ... if element type had no pointers
1482 func foo150(x ...byte) { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
1487 foo150(1, 2, 3) // ERROR "[.][.][.] argument escapes to heap"
1490 // issue 7931: bad handling of slice of array
1494 func foo151(x *int) { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
1499 var a [64]int // ERROR "moved to heap: a"
1501 foo151(&(&a)[4:8][0]) // ERROR "&\(&a\)\[4:8\]\[0\] escapes to heap" "&a escapes to heap"
1505 var a [10]int // ERROR "moved to heap: a"
1506 b := a[:] // ERROR "a escapes to heap"
1507 foo151(&b[4:8][0]) // ERROR "&b\[4:8\]\[0\] escapes to heap"
1511 var a [64]int // ERROR "moved to heap: a"
1513 foo151(&(&a)[4:8:8][0]) // ERROR "&\(&a\)\[4:8:8\]\[0\] escapes to heap" "&a escapes to heap"
1517 var a [10]int // ERROR "moved to heap: a"
1518 b := a[:] // ERROR "a escapes to heap"
1519 foo151(&b[4:8:8][0]) // ERROR "&b\[4:8:8\]\[0\] escapes to heap"
1528 func (u *U) String() *string { // ERROR "leaking param u content to result ~r0"
1536 func NewV(u U) *V { // ERROR "leaking param: u"
1537 return &V{u.String()} // ERROR "&V literal escapes to heap" "u does not escape"
1541 a := "a" // ERROR "moved to heap: a"
1542 u := U{&a} // ERROR "&a escapes to heap"
1547 // issue 8176 - &x in type switch body not marked as escaping
1549 func foo153(v interface{}) *int { // ERROR "leaking param: v"
1550 switch x := v.(type) {
1551 case int: // ERROR "moved to heap: x"
1552 return &x // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
1557 // issue 8185 - &result escaping into result
1559 func f() (x int, y *int) { // ERROR "moved to heap: x"
1560 y = &x // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
1564 func g() (x interface{}) { // ERROR "moved to heap: x"
1565 x = &x // ERROR "&x escapes to heap"
1569 var sink interface{}
1575 func ptrlitNoescape() {
1576 // Both literal and element do not escape.
1578 x := &Lit{&i} // ERROR "&Lit literal does not escape" "&i does not escape"
1582 func ptrlitNoEscape2() {
1583 // Literal does not escape, but element does.
1584 i := 0 // ERROR "moved to heap: i"
1585 x := &Lit{&i} // ERROR "&Lit literal does not escape" "&i escapes to heap"
1586 sink = *x // ERROR "\*x escapes to heap"
1589 func ptrlitEscape() {
1590 // Both literal and element escape.
1591 i := 0 // ERROR "moved to heap: i"
1592 x := &Lit{&i} // ERROR "&Lit literal escapes to heap" "&i escapes to heap"
1593 sink = x // ERROR "x escapes to heap"
1598 type Buffer struct {
1606 func (b *Buffer) foo() { // ERROR "b does not escape"
1607 b.buf1 = b.buf1[1:2] // ERROR "ignoring self-assignment to b.buf1"
1608 b.buf1 = b.buf1[1:2:3] // ERROR "ignoring self-assignment to b.buf1"
1609 b.buf1 = b.buf2[1:2] // ERROR "ignoring self-assignment to b.buf1"
1610 b.buf1 = b.buf2[1:2:3] // ERROR "ignoring self-assignment to b.buf1"
1613 func (b *Buffer) bar() { // ERROR "leaking param: b"
1614 b.buf1 = b.arr[1:2] // ERROR "b.arr escapes to heap"
1617 func (b *Buffer) baz() { // ERROR "b does not escape"
1618 b.str1 = b.str1[1:2] // ERROR "ignoring self-assignment to b.str1"
1619 b.str1 = b.str2[1:2] // ERROR "ignoring self-assignment to b.str1"
1622 func (b *Buffer) bat() { // ERROR "leaking param: b"
1623 o := new(Buffer) // ERROR "new\(Buffer\) escapes to heap"
1624 o.buf1 = b.buf1[1:2]
1625 sink = o // ERROR "o escapes to heap"
1628 func quux(sp *string, bp *[]byte) { // ERROR "sp does not escape" "bp does not escape"
1629 *sp = (*sp)[1:2] // ERROR "quux ignoring self-assignment to \*sp"
1630 *bp = (*bp)[1:2] // ERROR "quux ignoring self-assignment to \*bp"
1633 type StructWithString struct {
1638 // This is escape analysis false negative.
1639 // We assign the pointer to x.p but leak x.s. Escape analysis coarsens flows
1640 // to just x, and thus &i looks escaping.
1641 func fieldFlowTracking() {
1642 var x StructWithString
1643 i := 0 // ERROR "moved to heap: i"
1644 x.p = &i // ERROR "&i escapes to heap"
1645 sink = x.s // ERROR "x.s escapes to heap"
1648 // String operations.
1650 func slicebytetostring0() {
1651 b := make([]byte, 20) // ERROR "does not escape"
1652 s := string(b) // ERROR "string\(b\) does not escape"
1656 func slicebytetostring1() {
1657 b := make([]byte, 20) // ERROR "does not escape"
1658 s := string(b) // ERROR "string\(b\) does not escape"
1663 func slicebytetostring2() {
1664 b := make([]byte, 20) // ERROR "does not escape"
1665 s := string(b) // ERROR "string\(b\) escapes to heap"
1666 s1 := s[0:1] // ERROR "moved to heap: s1"
1667 sink = &s1 // ERROR "&s1 escapes to heap"
1670 func slicebytetostring3() {
1671 b := make([]byte, 20) // ERROR "does not escape"
1672 s := string(b) // ERROR "string\(b\) escapes to heap"
1674 sink = s1 // ERROR "s1 escapes to heap"
1680 s := s0 + s1 // ERROR "s0 \+ s1 does not escape"
1688 s += s0 + s1 // ERROR "s0 \+ s1 does not escape"
1693 b := make([]byte, 20) // ERROR "does not escape"
1695 s := string(b) + s0 // ERROR "string\(b\) does not escape" "string\(b\) \+ s0 does not escape"
1702 s := s0 + s1 // ERROR "s0 \+ s1 escapes to heap"
1704 sink = s2 // ERROR "s2 escapes to heap"
1707 func intstring0() bool {
1708 // string does not escape
1710 s := string(x) // ERROR "string\(x\) does not escape"
1714 func intstring1() string {
1715 // string does not escape, but the buffer does
1717 s := string(x) // ERROR "string\(x\) escapes to heap"
1722 // string escapes to heap
1724 s := string(x) // ERROR "string\(x\) escapes to heap" "moved to heap: s"
1725 sink = &s // ERROR "&s escapes to heap"
1728 func stringtoslicebyte0() {
1730 x := []byte(s) // ERROR "\(\[\]byte\)\(s\) does not escape"
1734 func stringtoslicebyte1() []byte {
1736 return []byte(s) // ERROR "\(\[\]byte\)\(s\) escapes to heap"
1739 func stringtoslicebyte2() {
1741 sink = []byte(s) // ERROR "\(\[\]byte\)\(s\) escapes to heap"
1744 func stringtoslicerune0() {
1746 x := []rune(s) // ERROR "\(\[\]rune\)\(s\) does not escape"
1750 func stringtoslicerune1() []rune {
1752 return []rune(s) // ERROR "\(\[\]rune\)\(s\) escapes to heap"
1755 func stringtoslicerune2() {
1757 sink = []rune(s) // ERROR "\(\[\]rune\)\(s\) escapes to heap"
1760 func slicerunetostring0() {
1761 r := []rune{1, 2, 3} // ERROR "\[\]rune literal does not escape"
1762 s := string(r) // ERROR "string\(r\) does not escape"
1766 func slicerunetostring1() string {
1767 r := []rune{1, 2, 3} // ERROR "\[\]rune literal does not escape"
1768 return string(r) // ERROR "string\(r\) escapes to heap"
1771 func slicerunetostring2() {
1772 r := []rune{1, 2, 3} // ERROR "\[\]rune literal does not escape"
1773 sink = string(r) // ERROR "string\(r\) escapes to heap"
1777 m := make(map[int]int) // ERROR "make\(map\[int\]int\) does not escape"
1781 sink = m[0] // ERROR "m\[0\] escapes to heap"
1784 func makemap1() map[int]int {
1785 return make(map[int]int) // ERROR "make\(map\[int\]int\) escapes to heap"
1789 m := make(map[int]int) // ERROR "make\(map\[int\]int\) escapes to heap"
1790 sink = m // ERROR "m escapes to heap"
1793 func nonescapingEface(m map[interface{}]bool) bool { // ERROR "m does not escape"
1794 return m["foo"] // ERROR `"foo" does not escape`
1797 func nonescapingIface(m map[M]bool) bool { // ERROR "m does not escape"
1798 return m[MV(0)] // ERROR "MV\(0\) does not escape"
1802 x := new(int) // ERROR "new\(int\) escapes to heap"
1806 func issue10353a(x *int) func() { // ERROR "leaking param: x"
1807 return func() { // ERROR "func literal escapes to heap"
1812 func issue10353b() {
1815 x := new(int) // ERROR "new\(int\) escapes to heap"
1816 f = func() { // ERROR "func literal escapes to heap"