1 // Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
2 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
3 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
5 // Package testing provides support for automated testing of Go packages.
6 // It is intended to be used in concert with the "go test" command, which automates
7 // execution of any function of the form
8 // func TestXxx(*testing.T)
9 // where Xxx does not start with a lowercase letter. The function name
10 // serves to identify the test routine.
12 // Within these functions, use the Error, Fail or related methods to signal failure.
14 // To write a new test suite, create a file whose name ends _test.go that
15 // contains the TestXxx functions as described here. Put the file in the same
16 // package as the one being tested. The file will be excluded from regular
17 // package builds but will be included when the "go test" command is run.
18 // For more detail, run "go help test" and "go help testflag".
20 // A simple test function looks like this:
22 // func TestAbs(t *testing.T) {
25 // t.Errorf("Abs(-1) = %d; want 1", got)
31 // Functions of the form
32 // func BenchmarkXxx(*testing.B)
33 // are considered benchmarks, and are executed by the "go test" command when
34 // its -bench flag is provided. Benchmarks are run sequentially.
36 // For a description of the testing flags, see
37 // https://golang.org/cmd/go/#hdr-Testing_flags.
39 // A sample benchmark function looks like this:
40 // func BenchmarkRandInt(b *testing.B) {
41 // for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
46 // The benchmark function must run the target code b.N times.
47 // During benchmark execution, b.N is adjusted until the benchmark function lasts
48 // long enough to be timed reliably. The output
49 // BenchmarkRandInt-8 68453040 17.8 ns/op
50 // means that the loop ran 68453040 times at a speed of 17.8 ns per loop.
52 // If a benchmark needs some expensive setup before running, the timer
55 // func BenchmarkBigLen(b *testing.B) {
58 // for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
63 // If a benchmark needs to test performance in a parallel setting, it may use
64 // the RunParallel helper function; such benchmarks are intended to be used with
65 // the go test -cpu flag:
67 // func BenchmarkTemplateParallel(b *testing.B) {
68 // templ := template.Must(template.New("test").Parse("Hello, {{.}}!"))
69 // b.RunParallel(func(pb *testing.PB) {
70 // var buf bytes.Buffer
73 // templ.Execute(&buf, "World")
80 // The package also runs and verifies example code. Example functions may
81 // include a concluding line comment that begins with "Output:" and is compared with
82 // the standard output of the function when the tests are run. (The comparison
83 // ignores leading and trailing space.) These are examples of an example:
85 // func ExampleHello() {
86 // fmt.Println("hello")
90 // func ExampleSalutations() {
91 // fmt.Println("hello, and")
92 // fmt.Println("goodbye")
98 // The comment prefix "Unordered output:" is like "Output:", but matches any
101 // func ExamplePerm() {
102 // for _, value := range Perm(5) {
103 // fmt.Println(value)
105 // // Unordered output: 4
112 // Example functions without output comments are compiled but not executed.
114 // The naming convention to declare examples for the package, a function F, a type T and
115 // method M on type T are:
117 // func Example() { ... }
118 // func ExampleF() { ... }
119 // func ExampleT() { ... }
120 // func ExampleT_M() { ... }
122 // Multiple example functions for a package/type/function/method may be provided by
123 // appending a distinct suffix to the name. The suffix must start with a
124 // lower-case letter.
126 // func Example_suffix() { ... }
127 // func ExampleF_suffix() { ... }
128 // func ExampleT_suffix() { ... }
129 // func ExampleT_M_suffix() { ... }
131 // The entire test file is presented as the example when it contains a single
132 // example function, at least one other function, type, variable, or constant
133 // declaration, and no test or benchmark functions.
137 // Functions of the form
138 // func FuzzXxx(*testing.F)
139 // are considered fuzz targets, and are executed by the "go test" command. When
140 // the -fuzz flag is provided, the functions will be fuzzed.
142 // For a description of the testing flags, see
143 // https://golang.org/cmd/go/#hdr-Testing_flags.
145 // For a description of fuzzing, see golang.org/s/draft-fuzzing-design.
147 // A sample fuzz target looks like this:
148 // func FuzzBytesCmp(f *testing.F) {
149 // f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, a, b []byte) {
150 // if bytes.HasPrefix(a, b) && !bytes.Contains(a, b) {
151 // t.Error("HasPrefix is true, but Contains is false")
158 // Tests or benchmarks may be skipped at run time with a call to
159 // the Skip method of *T or *B:
161 // func TestTimeConsuming(t *testing.T) {
162 // if testing.Short() {
163 // t.Skip("skipping test in short mode.")
168 // The Skip method of *T can be used in a fuzz target if the input is invalid,
169 // but should not be considered a crash. For example:
171 // func FuzzJSONMarshalling(f *testing.F) {
172 // f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, b []byte) {
174 // if err := json.Unmarshal(b, &v); err != nil {
177 // if _, err := json.Marshal(v); err != nil {
178 // t.Error("Marshal: %v", err)
183 // Subtests and Sub-benchmarks
185 // The Run methods of T and B allow defining subtests and sub-benchmarks,
186 // without having to define separate functions for each. This enables uses
187 // like table-driven benchmarks and creating hierarchical tests.
188 // It also provides a way to share common setup and tear-down code:
190 // func TestFoo(t *testing.T) {
192 // t.Run("A=1", func(t *testing.T) { ... })
193 // t.Run("A=2", func(t *testing.T) { ... })
194 // t.Run("B=1", func(t *testing.T) { ... })
195 // // <tear-down code>
198 // Each subtest and sub-benchmark has a unique name: the combination of the name
199 // of the top-level test and the sequence of names passed to Run, separated by
200 // slashes, with an optional trailing sequence number for disambiguation.
202 // The argument to the -run, -bench, and -fuzz command-line flags is an unanchored regular
203 // expression that matches the test's name. For tests with multiple slash-separated
204 // elements, such as subtests, the argument is itself slash-separated, with
205 // expressions matching each name element in turn. Because it is unanchored, an
206 // empty expression matches any string.
207 // For example, using "matching" to mean "whose name contains":
209 // go test -run '' # Run all tests.
210 // go test -run Foo # Run top-level tests matching "Foo", such as "TestFooBar".
211 // go test -run Foo/A= # For top-level tests matching "Foo", run subtests matching "A=".
212 // go test -run /A=1 # For all top-level tests, run subtests matching "A=1".
213 // go test -fuzz FuzzFoo # Fuzz the target matching "FuzzFoo"
215 // The -run argument can also be used to run a specific value in the seed
216 // corpus, for debugging. For example:
217 // go test -run=FuzzFoo/9ddb952d9814
219 // The -fuzz and -run flags can both be set, in order to fuzz a target but
220 // skip the execution of all other tests.
222 // Subtests can also be used to control parallelism. A parent test will only
223 // complete once all of its subtests complete. In this example, all tests are
224 // run in parallel with each other, and only with each other, regardless of
225 // other top-level tests that may be defined:
227 // func TestGroupedParallel(t *testing.T) {
228 // for _, tc := range tests {
229 // tc := tc // capture range variable
230 // t.Run(tc.Name, func(t *testing.T) {
237 // The race detector kills the program if it exceeds 8128 concurrent goroutines,
238 // so use care when running parallel tests with the -race flag set.
240 // Run does not return until parallel subtests have completed, providing a way
241 // to clean up after a group of parallel tests:
243 // func TestTeardownParallel(t *testing.T) {
244 // // This Run will not return until the parallel tests finish.
245 // t.Run("group", func(t *testing.T) {
246 // t.Run("Test1", parallelTest1)
247 // t.Run("Test2", parallelTest2)
248 // t.Run("Test3", parallelTest3)
250 // // <tear-down code>
255 // It is sometimes necessary for a test or benchmark program to do extra setup or teardown
256 // before or after it executes. It is also sometimes necessary to control
257 // which code runs on the main thread. To support these and other cases,
258 // if a test file contains a function:
260 // func TestMain(m *testing.M)
262 // then the generated test will call TestMain(m) instead of running the tests or benchmarks
263 // directly. TestMain runs in the main goroutine and can do whatever setup
264 // and teardown is necessary around a call to m.Run. m.Run will return an exit
265 // code that may be passed to os.Exit. If TestMain returns, the test wrapper
266 // will pass the result of m.Run to os.Exit itself.
268 // When TestMain is called, flag.Parse has not been run. If TestMain depends on
269 // command-line flags, including those of the testing package, it should call
270 // flag.Parse explicitly. Command line flags are always parsed by the time test
271 // or benchmark functions run.
273 // A simple implementation of TestMain is:
275 // func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
276 // // call flag.Parse() here if TestMain uses flags
280 // TestMain is a low-level primitive and should not be necessary for casual
281 // testing needs, where ordinary test functions suffice.
308 // Init registers testing flags. These flags are automatically registered by
309 // the "go test" command before running test functions, so Init is only needed
310 // when calling functions such as Benchmark without using "go test".
312 // Init has no effect if it was already called.
318 // The short flag requests that tests run more quickly, but its functionality
319 // is provided by test writers themselves. The testing package is just its
320 // home. The all.bash installation script sets it to make installation more
321 // efficient, but by default the flag is off so a plain "go test" will do a
322 // full test of the package.
323 short = flag.Bool("test.short", false, "run smaller test suite to save time")
325 // The failfast flag requests that test execution stop after the first test failure.
326 failFast = flag.Bool("test.failfast", false, "do not start new tests after the first test failure")
328 // The directory in which to create profile files and the like. When run from
329 // "go test", the binary always runs in the source directory for the package;
330 // this flag lets "go test" tell the binary to write the files in the directory where
331 // the "go test" command is run.
332 outputDir = flag.String("test.outputdir", "", "write profiles to `dir`")
333 // Report as tests are run; default is silent for success.
334 chatty = flag.Bool("test.v", false, "verbose: print additional output")
335 count = flag.Uint("test.count", 1, "run tests and benchmarks `n` times")
336 coverProfile = flag.String("test.coverprofile", "", "write a coverage profile to `file`")
337 matchList = flag.String("test.list", "", "list tests, examples, and benchmarks matching `regexp` then exit")
338 match = flag.String("test.run", "", "run only tests and examples matching `regexp`")
339 memProfile = flag.String("test.memprofile", "", "write an allocation profile to `file`")
340 memProfileRate = flag.Int("test.memprofilerate", 0, "set memory allocation profiling `rate` (see runtime.MemProfileRate)")
341 cpuProfile = flag.String("test.cpuprofile", "", "write a cpu profile to `file`")
342 blockProfile = flag.String("test.blockprofile", "", "write a goroutine blocking profile to `file`")
343 blockProfileRate = flag.Int("test.blockprofilerate", 1, "set blocking profile `rate` (see runtime.SetBlockProfileRate)")
344 mutexProfile = flag.String("test.mutexprofile", "", "write a mutex contention profile to the named file after execution")
345 mutexProfileFraction = flag.Int("test.mutexprofilefraction", 1, "if >= 0, calls runtime.SetMutexProfileFraction()")
346 panicOnExit0 = flag.Bool("test.paniconexit0", false, "panic on call to os.Exit(0)")
347 traceFile = flag.String("test.trace", "", "write an execution trace to `file`")
348 timeout = flag.Duration("test.timeout", 0, "panic test binary after duration `d` (default 0, timeout disabled)")
349 cpuListStr = flag.String("test.cpu", "", "comma-separated `list` of cpu counts to run each test with")
350 parallel = flag.Int("test.parallel", runtime.GOMAXPROCS(0), "run at most `n` tests in parallel")
351 testlog = flag.String("test.testlogfile", "", "write test action log to `file` (for use only by cmd/go)")
352 shuffle = flag.String("test.shuffle", "off", "randomize the execution order of tests and benchmarks")
359 // Flags, registered during Init.
372 blockProfileRate *int
374 mutexProfileFraction *int
377 timeout *time.Duration
383 haveExamples bool // are there examples?
388 numFailed uint32 // number of test failures
391 type chattyPrinter struct {
393 lastNameMu sync.Mutex // guards lastName
394 lastName string // last printed test name in chatty mode
397 func newChattyPrinter(w io.Writer) *chattyPrinter {
398 return &chattyPrinter{w: w}
401 // Updatef prints a message about the status of the named test to w.
403 // The formatted message must include the test name itself.
404 func (p *chattyPrinter) Updatef(testName, format string, args ...interface{}) {
406 defer p.lastNameMu.Unlock()
408 // Since the message already implies an association with a specific new test,
409 // we don't need to check what the old test name was or log an extra CONT line
410 // for it. (We're updating it anyway, and the current message already includes
412 p.lastName = testName
413 fmt.Fprintf(p.w, format, args...)
416 // Printf prints a message, generated by the named test, that does not
417 // necessarily mention that tests's name itself.
418 func (p *chattyPrinter) Printf(testName, format string, args ...interface{}) {
420 defer p.lastNameMu.Unlock()
422 if p.lastName == "" {
423 p.lastName = testName
424 } else if p.lastName != testName {
425 fmt.Fprintf(p.w, "=== CONT %s\n", testName)
426 p.lastName = testName
429 fmt.Fprintf(p.w, format, args...)
432 // The maximum number of stack frames to go through when skipping helper functions for
433 // the purpose of decorating log messages.
434 const maxStackLen = 50
436 // common holds the elements common between T and B and
437 // captures common methods such as Errorf.
439 mu sync.RWMutex // guards this group of fields
440 output []byte // Output generated by test or benchmark.
441 w io.Writer // For flushToParent.
442 ran bool // Test or benchmark (or one of its subtests) was executed.
443 failed bool // Test or benchmark has failed.
444 skipped bool // Test or benchmark has been skipped.
445 done bool // Test is finished and all subtests have completed.
446 helperPCs map[uintptr]struct{} // functions to be skipped when writing file/line info
447 helperNames map[string]struct{} // helperPCs converted to function names
448 cleanups []func() // optional functions to be called at the end of the test
449 cleanupName string // Name of the cleanup function.
450 cleanupPc []uintptr // The stack trace at the point where Cleanup was called.
451 finished bool // Test function has completed.
453 chatty *chattyPrinter // A copy of chattyPrinter, if the chatty flag is set.
454 bench bool // Whether the current test is a benchmark.
455 fuzzing bool // Whether the current test is a fuzzing target.
456 hasSub int32 // Written atomically.
457 raceErrors int // Number of races detected during test.
458 runner string // Function name of tRunner running the test.
461 level int // Nesting depth of test or benchmark.
462 creator []uintptr // If level > 0, the stack trace at the point where the parent called t.Run.
463 name string // Name of test or benchmark.
464 start time.Time // Time test or benchmark started
465 duration time.Duration
466 barrier chan bool // To signal parallel subtests they may start.
467 signal chan bool // To signal a test is done.
468 sub []*T // Queue of subtests to be run in parallel.
476 // Short reports whether the -test.short flag is set.
479 panic("testing: Short called before Init")
481 // Catch code that calls this from TestMain without first calling flag.Parse.
483 panic("testing: Short called before Parse")
489 // CoverMode reports what the test coverage mode is set to. The
490 // values are "set", "count", or "atomic". The return value will be
491 // empty if test coverage is not enabled.
492 func CoverMode() string {
496 // Verbose reports whether the -test.v flag is set.
497 func Verbose() bool {
500 panic("testing: Verbose called before Init")
503 panic("testing: Verbose called before Parse")
508 // frameSkip searches, starting after skip frames, for the first caller frame
509 // in a function not marked as a helper and returns that frame.
510 // The search stops if it finds a tRunner function that
511 // was the entry point into the test and the test is not a subtest.
512 // This function must be called with c.mu held.
513 func (c *common) frameSkip(skip int) runtime.Frame {
514 // If the search continues into the parent test, we'll have to hold
515 // its mu temporarily. If we then return, we need to unlock it.
516 shouldUnlock := false
522 var pc [maxStackLen]uintptr
523 // Skip two extra frames to account for this function
524 // and runtime.Callers itself.
525 n := runtime.Callers(skip+2, pc[:])
527 panic("testing: zero callers found")
529 frames := runtime.CallersFrames(pc[:n])
530 var firstFrame, prevFrame, frame runtime.Frame
531 for more := true; more; prevFrame = frame {
532 frame, more = frames.Next()
533 if frame.Function == c.cleanupName {
534 frames = runtime.CallersFrames(c.cleanupPc)
537 if firstFrame.PC == 0 {
540 if frame.Function == c.runner {
541 // We've gone up all the way to the tRunner calling
542 // the test function (so the user must have
543 // called tb.Helper from inside that test function).
544 // If this is a top-level test, only skip up to the test function itself.
545 // If we're in a subtest, continue searching in the parent test,
546 // starting from the point of the call to Run which created this subtest.
548 frames = runtime.CallersFrames(c.creator)
550 // We're no longer looking at the current c after this point,
551 // so we should unlock its mu, unless it's the original receiver,
552 // in which case our caller doesn't expect us to do that.
557 // Remember to unlock c.mu when we no longer need it, either
558 // because we went up another nesting level, or because we
566 // If more helper PCs have been added since we last did the conversion
567 if c.helperNames == nil {
568 c.helperNames = make(map[string]struct{})
569 for pc := range c.helperPCs {
570 c.helperNames[pcToName(pc)] = struct{}{}
573 if _, ok := c.helperNames[frame.Function]; !ok {
574 // Found a frame that wasn't inside a helper function.
581 // decorate prefixes the string with the file and line of the call site
582 // and inserts the final newline if needed and indentation spaces for formatting.
583 // This function must be called with c.mu held.
584 func (c *common) decorate(s string, skip int) string {
585 // TODO(jayconrod,katiehockman): Consider refactoring the logging logic.
586 // If more helper PCs have been added since we last did the conversion
587 if c.helperNames == nil {
588 c.helperNames = make(map[string]struct{})
589 for pc := range c.helperPCs {
590 c.helperNames[pcToName(pc)] = struct{}{}
594 frame := c.frameSkip(skip)
598 // Truncate file name at last file name separator.
599 if index := strings.LastIndex(file, "/"); index >= 0 {
600 file = file[index+1:]
601 } else if index = strings.LastIndex(file, "\\"); index >= 0 {
602 file = file[index+1:]
610 buf := new(strings.Builder)
611 // Every line is indented at least 4 spaces.
613 fmt.Fprintf(buf, "%s:%d: ", file, line)
614 lines := strings.Split(s, "\n")
615 if l := len(lines); l > 1 && lines[l-1] == "" {
618 for i, line := range lines {
620 // Second and subsequent lines are indented an additional 4 spaces.
621 buf.WriteString("\n ")
623 buf.WriteString(line)
629 // flushToParent writes c.output to the parent after first writing the header
630 // with the given format and arguments.
631 func (c *common) flushToParent(testName, format string, args ...interface{}) {
639 if len(c.output) > 0 {
641 args = append(args[:len(args):len(args)], c.output)
642 c.output = c.output[:0] // but why?
645 if c.chatty != nil && p.w == c.chatty.w {
646 // We're flushing to the actual output, so track that this output is
647 // associated with a specific test (and, specifically, that the next output
648 // is *not* associated with that test).
650 // Moreover, if c.output is non-empty it is important that this write be
651 // atomic with respect to the output of other tests, so that we don't end up
652 // with confusing '=== CONT' lines in the middle of our '--- PASS' block.
653 // Neither humans nor cmd/test2json can parse those easily.
654 // (See https://golang.org/issue/40771.)
655 c.chatty.Updatef(testName, format, args...)
657 // We're flushing to the output buffer of the parent test, which will
658 // itself follow a test-name header when it is finally flushed to stdout.
659 fmt.Fprintf(p.w, format, args...)
663 // isFuzzing returns whether the current context, or any of the parent contexts,
664 // are a fuzzing target
665 func (c *common) isFuzzing() bool {
669 for parent := c.parent; parent != nil; parent = parent.parent {
677 type indenter struct {
681 func (w indenter) Write(b []byte) (n int, err error) {
684 end := bytes.IndexByte(b, '\n')
690 // An indent of 4 spaces will neatly align the dashes with the status
691 // indicator of the parent.
693 w.c.output = append(w.c.output, indent...)
694 w.c.output = append(w.c.output, b[:end]...)
700 // fmtDuration returns a string representing d in the form "87.00s".
701 func fmtDuration(d time.Duration) string {
702 return fmt.Sprintf("%.2fs", d.Seconds())
705 // TB is the interface common to T and B.
708 Error(args ...interface{})
709 Errorf(format string, args ...interface{})
713 Fatal(args ...interface{})
714 Fatalf(format string, args ...interface{})
716 Log(args ...interface{})
717 Logf(format string, args ...interface{})
719 Setenv(key, value string)
720 Skip(args ...interface{})
722 Skipf(format string, args ...interface{})
726 // A private method to prevent users implementing the
727 // interface and so future additions to it will not
728 // violate Go 1 compatibility.
735 // T is a type passed to Test functions to manage test state and support formatted test logs.
737 // A test ends when its Test function returns or calls any of the methods
738 // FailNow, Fatal, Fatalf, SkipNow, Skip, or Skipf. Those methods, as well as
739 // the Parallel method, must be called only from the goroutine running the
742 // The other reporting methods, such as the variations of Log and Error,
743 // may be called simultaneously from multiple goroutines.
748 context *testContext // For running tests and subtests.
751 func (c *common) private() {}
753 // Name returns the name of the running (sub-) test or benchmark.
755 // The name will include the name of the test along with the names of
756 // any nested sub-tests. If two sibling sub-tests have the same name,
757 // Name will append a suffix to guarantee the returned name is unique.
758 func (c *common) Name() string {
762 func (c *common) setRan() {
771 // Fail marks the function as having failed but continues execution.
772 func (c *common) Fail() {
778 // c.done needs to be locked to synchronize checks to c.done in parent tests.
780 panic("Fail in goroutine after " + c.name + " has completed")
785 // Failed reports whether the function has failed.
786 func (c *common) Failed() bool {
790 return failed || c.raceErrors+race.Errors() > 0
793 // FailNow marks the function as having failed and stops its execution
794 // by calling runtime.Goexit (which then runs all deferred calls in the
795 // current goroutine).
796 // Execution will continue at the next test or benchmark.
797 // FailNow must be called from the goroutine running the
798 // test or benchmark function, not from other goroutines
799 // created during the test. Calling FailNow does not stop
800 // those other goroutines.
801 func (c *common) FailNow() {
804 // Calling runtime.Goexit will exit the goroutine, which
805 // will run the deferred functions in this goroutine,
806 // which will eventually run the deferred lines in tRunner,
807 // which will signal to the test loop that this test is done.
809 // A previous version of this code said:
812 // c.signal <- c.self
815 // This previous version duplicated code (those lines are in
816 // tRunner no matter what), but worse the goroutine teardown
817 // implicit in runtime.Goexit was not guaranteed to complete
818 // before the test exited. If a test deferred an important cleanup
819 // function (like removing temporary files), there was no guarantee
820 // it would run on a test failure. Because we send on c.signal during
821 // a top-of-stack deferred function now, we know that the send
822 // only happens after any other stacked defers have completed.
829 // log generates the output. It's always at the same stack depth.
830 func (c *common) log(s string) {
831 c.logDepth(s, 3) // logDepth + log + public function
834 // logDepth generates the output at an arbitrary stack depth.
835 func (c *common) logDepth(s string, depth int) {
839 // This test has already finished. Try and log this message
840 // with our parent. If we don't have a parent, panic.
841 for parent := c.parent; parent != nil; parent = parent.parent {
843 defer parent.mu.Unlock()
845 parent.output = append(parent.output, parent.decorate(s, depth+1)...)
849 panic("Log in goroutine after " + c.name + " has completed: " + s)
853 // Benchmarks don't print === CONT, so we should skip the test
854 // printer and just print straight to stdout.
855 fmt.Print(c.decorate(s, depth+1))
857 c.chatty.Printf(c.name, "%s", c.decorate(s, depth+1))
862 c.output = append(c.output, c.decorate(s, depth+1)...)
866 // Log formats its arguments using default formatting, analogous to Println,
867 // and records the text in the error log. For tests, the text will be printed only if
868 // the test fails or the -test.v flag is set. For benchmarks, the text is always
869 // printed to avoid having performance depend on the value of the -test.v flag.
870 func (c *common) Log(args ...interface{}) { c.log(fmt.Sprintln(args...)) }
872 // Logf formats its arguments according to the format, analogous to Printf, and
873 // records the text in the error log. A final newline is added if not provided. For
874 // tests, the text will be printed only if the test fails or the -test.v flag is
875 // set. For benchmarks, the text is always printed to avoid having performance
876 // depend on the value of the -test.v flag.
877 func (c *common) Logf(format string, args ...interface{}) { c.log(fmt.Sprintf(format, args...)) }
879 // Error is equivalent to Log followed by Fail.
880 func (c *common) Error(args ...interface{}) {
881 c.log(fmt.Sprintln(args...))
885 // Errorf is equivalent to Logf followed by Fail.
886 func (c *common) Errorf(format string, args ...interface{}) {
887 c.log(fmt.Sprintf(format, args...))
891 // Fatal is equivalent to Log followed by FailNow.
892 func (c *common) Fatal(args ...interface{}) {
893 c.log(fmt.Sprintln(args...))
897 // Fatalf is equivalent to Logf followed by FailNow.
898 func (c *common) Fatalf(format string, args ...interface{}) {
899 c.log(fmt.Sprintf(format, args...))
903 // Skip is equivalent to Log followed by SkipNow.
904 func (c *common) Skip(args ...interface{}) {
905 c.log(fmt.Sprintln(args...))
909 // Skipf is equivalent to Logf followed by SkipNow.
910 func (c *common) Skipf(format string, args ...interface{}) {
911 c.log(fmt.Sprintf(format, args...))
915 // SkipNow marks the test as having been skipped and stops its execution
916 // by calling runtime.Goexit.
917 // If a test fails (see Error, Errorf, Fail) and is then skipped,
918 // it is still considered to have failed.
919 // Execution will continue at the next test or benchmark. See also FailNow.
920 // SkipNow must be called from the goroutine running the test, not from
921 // other goroutines created during the test. Calling SkipNow does not stop
922 // those other goroutines.
923 func (c *common) SkipNow() {
931 // Skipped reports whether the test was skipped.
932 func (c *common) Skipped() bool {
938 // Helper marks the calling function as a test helper function.
939 // When printing file and line information, that function will be skipped.
940 // Helper may be called simultaneously from multiple goroutines.
941 func (c *common) Helper() {
944 if c.helperPCs == nil {
945 c.helperPCs = make(map[uintptr]struct{})
947 // repeating code from callerName here to save walking a stack frame
949 n := runtime.Callers(2, pc[:]) // skip runtime.Callers + Helper
951 panic("testing: zero callers found")
953 if _, found := c.helperPCs[pc[0]]; !found {
954 c.helperPCs[pc[0]] = struct{}{}
955 c.helperNames = nil // map will be recreated next time it is needed
959 // Cleanup registers a function to be called when the test (or subtest) and all its
960 // subtests complete. Cleanup functions will be called in last added,
961 // first called order.
962 func (c *common) Cleanup(f func()) {
963 var pc [maxStackLen]uintptr
964 // Skip two extra frames to account for this function and runtime.Callers itself.
965 n := runtime.Callers(2, pc[:])
976 name := callerName(0)
979 c.cleanupPc = cleanupPc
987 c.cleanups = append(c.cleanups, fn)
990 // TempDir returns a temporary directory for the test to use.
991 // The directory is automatically removed by Cleanup when the test and
992 // all its subtests complete.
993 // Each subsequent call to t.TempDir returns a unique directory;
994 // if the directory creation fails, TempDir terminates the test by calling Fatal.
995 func (c *common) TempDir() string {
996 // Use a single parent directory for all the temporary directories
997 // created by a test, each numbered sequentially.
1000 if c.tempDir == "" { // Usually the case with js/wasm
1003 _, err := os.Stat(c.tempDir)
1004 nonExistent = os.IsNotExist(err)
1005 if err != nil && !nonExistent {
1006 c.Fatalf("TempDir: %v", err)
1013 // Drop unusual characters (such as path separators or
1014 // characters interacting with globs) from the directory name to
1015 // avoid surprising os.MkdirTemp behavior.
1016 mapper := func(r rune) rune {
1017 if r < utf8.RuneSelf {
1018 const allowed = "!#$%&()+,-.=@^_{}~ "
1019 if '0' <= r && r <= '9' ||
1020 'a' <= r && r <= 'z' ||
1021 'A' <= r && r <= 'Z' {
1024 if strings.ContainsRune(allowed, r) {
1027 } else if unicode.IsLetter(r) || unicode.IsNumber(r) {
1032 pattern := strings.Map(mapper, c.Name())
1033 c.tempDir, c.tempDirErr = os.MkdirTemp("", pattern)
1034 if c.tempDirErr == nil {
1036 if err := os.RemoveAll(c.tempDir); err != nil {
1037 c.Errorf("TempDir RemoveAll cleanup: %v", err)
1042 c.tempDirMu.Unlock()
1044 if c.tempDirErr != nil {
1045 c.Fatalf("TempDir: %v", c.tempDirErr)
1047 seq := atomic.AddInt32(&c.tempDirSeq, 1)
1048 dir := fmt.Sprintf("%s%c%03d", c.tempDir, os.PathSeparator, seq)
1049 if err := os.Mkdir(dir, 0777); err != nil {
1050 c.Fatalf("TempDir: %v", err)
1055 // Setenv calls os.Setenv(key, value) and uses Cleanup to
1056 // restore the environment variable to its original value
1059 // This cannot be used in parallel tests.
1060 func (c *common) Setenv(key, value string) {
1061 prevValue, ok := os.LookupEnv(key)
1063 if err := os.Setenv(key, value); err != nil {
1064 c.Fatalf("cannot set environment variable: %v", err)
1069 os.Setenv(key, prevValue)
1078 // panicHanding is an argument to runCleanup.
1079 type panicHandling int
1082 normalPanic panicHandling = iota
1083 recoverAndReturnPanic
1086 // runCleanup is called at the end of the test.
1087 // If catchPanic is true, this will catch panics, and return the recovered
1089 func (c *common) runCleanup(ph panicHandling) (panicVal interface{}) {
1090 if ph == recoverAndReturnPanic {
1092 panicVal = recover()
1096 // Make sure that if a cleanup function panics,
1097 // we still run the remaining cleanup functions.
1100 recur := len(c.cleanups) > 0
1103 c.runCleanup(normalPanic)
1110 if len(c.cleanups) > 0 {
1111 last := len(c.cleanups) - 1
1112 cleanup = c.cleanups[last]
1113 c.cleanups = c.cleanups[:last]
1123 // callerName gives the function name (qualified with a package path)
1124 // for the caller after skip frames (where 0 means the current function).
1125 func callerName(skip int) string {
1127 n := runtime.Callers(skip+2, pc[:]) // skip + runtime.Callers + callerName
1129 panic("testing: zero callers found")
1131 return pcToName(pc[0])
1134 func pcToName(pc uintptr) string {
1135 pcs := []uintptr{pc}
1136 frames := runtime.CallersFrames(pcs)
1137 frame, _ := frames.Next()
1138 return frame.Function
1141 // Parallel signals that this test is to be run in parallel with (and only with)
1142 // other parallel tests. When a test is run multiple times due to use of
1143 // -test.count or -test.cpu, multiple instances of a single test never run in
1144 // parallel with each other.
1145 func (t *T) Parallel() {
1147 panic("testing: t.Parallel called multiple times")
1150 panic("testing: t.Parallel called after t.Setenv; cannot set environment variables in parallel tests")
1153 if t.parent.barrier == nil {
1154 // T.Parallel has no effect when fuzzing.
1155 // Multiple processes may run in parallel, but only one input can run at a
1156 // time per process so we can attribute crashes to specific inputs.
1160 // We don't want to include the time we spend waiting for serial tests
1161 // in the test duration. Record the elapsed time thus far and reset the
1162 // timer afterwards.
1163 t.duration += time.Since(t.start)
1165 // Add to the list of tests to be released by the parent.
1166 t.parent.sub = append(t.parent.sub, t)
1167 t.raceErrors += race.Errors()
1169 if t.chatty != nil {
1170 // Unfortunately, even though PAUSE indicates that the named test is *no
1171 // longer* running, cmd/test2json interprets it as changing the active test
1172 // for the purpose of log parsing. We could fix cmd/test2json, but that
1173 // won't fix existing deployments of third-party tools that already shell
1174 // out to older builds of cmd/test2json — so merely fixing cmd/test2json
1175 // isn't enough for now.
1176 t.chatty.Updatef(t.name, "=== PAUSE %s\n", t.name)
1179 t.signal <- true // Release calling test.
1180 <-t.parent.barrier // Wait for the parent test to complete.
1181 t.context.waitParallel()
1183 if t.chatty != nil {
1184 t.chatty.Updatef(t.name, "=== CONT %s\n", t.name)
1187 t.start = time.Now()
1188 t.raceErrors += -race.Errors()
1191 // Setenv calls os.Setenv(key, value) and uses Cleanup to
1192 // restore the environment variable to its original value
1195 // This cannot be used in parallel tests.
1196 func (t *T) Setenv(key, value string) {
1198 panic("testing: t.Setenv called after t.Parallel; cannot set environment variables in parallel tests")
1203 t.common.Setenv(key, value)
1206 // InternalTest is an internal type but exported because it is cross-package;
1207 // it is part of the implementation of the "go test" command.
1208 type InternalTest struct {
1213 var errNilPanicOrGoexit = errors.New("test executed panic(nil) or runtime.Goexit")
1215 func tRunner(t *T, fn func(t *T)) {
1216 t.runner = callerName(0)
1218 // When this goroutine is done, either because fn(t)
1219 // returned normally or because a test failure triggered
1220 // a call to runtime.Goexit, record the duration and send
1221 // a signal saying that the test is done.
1224 atomic.AddUint32(&numFailed, 1)
1227 if t.raceErrors+race.Errors() > 0 {
1228 t.Errorf("race detected during execution of test")
1231 // If the test panicked, print any test output before dying.
1236 finished := t.finished
1238 if !finished && err == nil {
1239 err = errNilPanicOrGoexit
1240 for p := t.parent; p != nil; p = p.parent {
1242 finished = p.finished
1245 t.Errorf("%v: subtest may have called FailNow on a parent test", err)
1252 // Use a deferred call to ensure that we report that the test is
1253 // complete even if a cleanup function calls t.FailNow. See issue 41355.
1256 isFuzzing := t.common.isFuzzing()
1257 if didPanic && !isFuzzing {
1260 if err != nil && !isFuzzing {
1263 // Only report that the test is complete if it doesn't panic,
1264 // as otherwise the test binary can exit before the panic is
1265 // reported to the user. See issue 41479.
1269 doPanic := func(err interface{}) {
1271 if r := t.runCleanup(recoverAndReturnPanic); r != nil {
1272 t.Logf("cleanup panicked with %v", r)
1274 // Flush the output log up to the root before dying.
1275 for root := &t.common; root.parent != nil; root = root.parent {
1277 root.duration += time.Since(root.start)
1280 root.flushToParent(root.name, "--- FAIL: %s (%s)\n", root.name, fmtDuration(d))
1281 if r := root.parent.runCleanup(recoverAndReturnPanic); r != nil {
1282 fmt.Fprintf(root.parent.w, "cleanup panicked with %v", r)
1286 if t.common.fuzzing {
1287 for root := &t.common; root.parent != nil; root = root.parent {
1288 fmt.Fprintf(root.parent.w, "panic: %s\n%s\n", err, string(debug.Stack()))
1298 t.duration += time.Since(t.start)
1301 // Run parallel subtests.
1302 // Decrease the running count for this test.
1304 // Release the parallel subtests.
1306 // Wait for subtests to complete.
1307 for _, sub := range t.sub {
1310 cleanupStart := time.Now()
1311 err := t.runCleanup(recoverAndReturnPanic)
1312 t.duration += time.Since(cleanupStart)
1317 // Reacquire the count for sequential tests. See comment in Run.
1318 t.context.waitParallel()
1320 } else if t.isParallel {
1321 // Only release the count for this test if it was run as a parallel
1322 // test. See comment in Run method.
1325 t.report() // Report after all subtests have finished.
1327 // Do not lock t.done to allow race detector to detect race in case
1328 // the user does not appropriately synchronizes a goroutine.
1330 if t.parent != nil && atomic.LoadInt32(&t.hasSub) == 0 {
1335 if len(t.sub) == 0 {
1336 t.runCleanup(normalPanic)
1340 t.start = time.Now()
1341 t.raceErrors = -race.Errors()
1344 // code beyond here will not be executed when FailNow is invoked
1350 // Run runs f as a subtest of t called name. It runs f in a separate goroutine
1351 // and blocks until f returns or calls t.Parallel to become a parallel test.
1352 // Run reports whether f succeeded (or at least did not fail before calling t.Parallel).
1354 // Run may be called simultaneously from multiple goroutines, but all such calls
1355 // must return before the outer test function for t returns.
1356 func (t *T) Run(name string, f func(t *T)) bool {
1357 atomic.StoreInt32(&t.hasSub, 1)
1358 testName, ok, _ := t.context.match.fullName(&t.common, name)
1359 if !ok || shouldFailFast() {
1362 // Record the stack trace at the point of this call so that if the subtest
1363 // function - which runs in a separate stack - is marked as a helper, we can
1364 // continue walking the stack into the parent test.
1365 var pc [maxStackLen]uintptr
1366 n := runtime.Callers(2, pc[:])
1369 barrier: make(chan bool),
1370 signal: make(chan bool, 1),
1379 t.w = indenter{&t.common}
1381 if t.chatty != nil {
1382 t.chatty.Updatef(t.name, "=== RUN %s\n", t.name)
1384 // Instead of reducing the running count of this test before calling the
1385 // tRunner and increasing it afterwards, we rely on tRunner keeping the
1386 // count correct. This ensures that a sequence of sequential tests runs
1387 // without being preempted, even when their parent is a parallel test. This
1388 // may especially reduce surprises if *parallel == 1.
1391 // At this point, it is likely that FailNow was called on one of the
1392 // parent tests by one of the subtests. Continue aborting up the chain.
1398 // Deadline reports the time at which the test binary will have
1399 // exceeded the timeout specified by the -timeout flag.
1401 // The ok result is false if the -timeout flag indicates “no timeout” (0).
1402 func (t *T) Deadline() (deadline time.Time, ok bool) {
1403 deadline = t.context.deadline
1404 return deadline, !deadline.IsZero()
1407 // testContext holds all fields that are common to all tests. This includes
1408 // synchronization primitives to run at most *parallel tests.
1409 type testContext struct {
1415 // Channel used to signal tests that are ready to be run in parallel.
1416 startParallel chan bool
1418 // running is the number of tests currently running in parallel.
1419 // This does not include tests that are waiting for subtests to complete.
1422 // numWaiting is the number tests waiting to be run in parallel.
1425 // maxParallel is a copy of the parallel flag.
1429 func newTestContext(maxParallel int, m *matcher) *testContext {
1430 return &testContext{
1432 startParallel: make(chan bool),
1433 maxParallel: maxParallel,
1434 running: 1, // Set the count to 1 for the main (sequential) test.
1438 func (c *testContext) waitParallel() {
1440 if c.running < c.maxParallel {
1450 func (c *testContext) release() {
1452 if c.numWaiting == 0 {
1459 c.startParallel <- true // Pick a waiting test to be run.
1462 // No one should be using func Main anymore.
1463 // See the doc comment on func Main and use MainStart instead.
1464 var errMain = errors.New("testing: unexpected use of func Main")
1466 type matchStringOnly func(pat, str string) (bool, error)
1468 func (f matchStringOnly) MatchString(pat, str string) (bool, error) { return f(pat, str) }
1469 func (f matchStringOnly) StartCPUProfile(w io.Writer) error { return errMain }
1470 func (f matchStringOnly) StopCPUProfile() {}
1471 func (f matchStringOnly) WriteProfileTo(string, io.Writer, int) error { return errMain }
1472 func (f matchStringOnly) ImportPath() string { return "" }
1473 func (f matchStringOnly) StartTestLog(io.Writer) {}
1474 func (f matchStringOnly) StopTestLog() error { return errMain }
1475 func (f matchStringOnly) SetPanicOnExit0(bool) {}
1476 func (f matchStringOnly) CoordinateFuzzing(time.Duration, int64, time.Duration, int64, int, []corpusEntry, []reflect.Type, string, string) error {
1479 func (f matchStringOnly) RunFuzzWorker(func(corpusEntry) error) error { return errMain }
1480 func (f matchStringOnly) ReadCorpus(string, []reflect.Type) ([]corpusEntry, error) {
1483 func (f matchStringOnly) CheckCorpus([]interface{}, []reflect.Type) error { return nil }
1484 func (f matchStringOnly) ResetCoverage() {}
1485 func (f matchStringOnly) SnapshotCoverage() {}
1487 // Main is an internal function, part of the implementation of the "go test" command.
1488 // It was exported because it is cross-package and predates "internal" packages.
1489 // It is no longer used by "go test" but preserved, as much as possible, for other
1490 // systems that simulate "go test" using Main, but Main sometimes cannot be updated as
1491 // new functionality is added to the testing package.
1492 // Systems simulating "go test" should be updated to use MainStart.
1493 func Main(matchString func(pat, str string) (bool, error), tests []InternalTest, benchmarks []InternalBenchmark, examples []InternalExample) {
1494 os.Exit(MainStart(matchStringOnly(matchString), tests, benchmarks, nil, examples).Run())
1497 // M is a type passed to a TestMain function to run the actual tests.
1500 tests []InternalTest
1501 benchmarks []InternalBenchmark
1502 fuzzTargets []InternalFuzzTarget
1503 examples []InternalExample
1510 // value to pass to os.Exit, the outer test func main
1511 // harness calls os.Exit with this code. See #34129.
1515 // testDeps is an internal interface of functionality that is
1516 // passed into this package by a test's generated main package.
1517 // The canonical implementation of this interface is
1518 // testing/internal/testdeps's TestDeps.
1519 type testDeps interface {
1521 MatchString(pat, str string) (bool, error)
1522 SetPanicOnExit0(bool)
1523 StartCPUProfile(io.Writer) error
1525 StartTestLog(io.Writer)
1527 WriteProfileTo(string, io.Writer, int) error
1528 CoordinateFuzzing(time.Duration, int64, time.Duration, int64, int, []corpusEntry, []reflect.Type, string, string) error
1529 RunFuzzWorker(func(corpusEntry) error) error
1530 ReadCorpus(string, []reflect.Type) ([]corpusEntry, error)
1531 CheckCorpus([]interface{}, []reflect.Type) error
1536 // MainStart is meant for use by tests generated by 'go test'.
1537 // It is not meant to be called directly and is not subject to the Go 1 compatibility document.
1538 // It may change signature from release to release.
1539 func MainStart(deps testDeps, tests []InternalTest, benchmarks []InternalBenchmark, fuzzTargets []InternalFuzzTarget, examples []InternalExample) *M {
1544 benchmarks: benchmarks,
1545 fuzzTargets: fuzzTargets,
1550 // Run runs the tests. It returns an exit code to pass to os.Exit.
1551 func (m *M) Run() (code int) {
1556 // Count the number of calls to m.Run.
1557 // We only ever expected 1, but we didn't enforce that,
1558 // and now there are tests in the wild that call m.Run multiple times.
1559 // Sigh. golang.org/issue/23129.
1562 // TestMain may have already called flag.Parse.
1568 fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "testing: -parallel can only be given a positive integer")
1573 if *matchFuzz != "" && *fuzzCacheDir == "" {
1574 fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "testing: internal error: -test.fuzzcachedir must be set if -test.fuzz is set")
1580 if len(*matchList) != 0 {
1581 listTests(m.deps.MatchString, m.tests, m.benchmarks, m.fuzzTargets, m.examples)
1586 if *shuffle != "off" {
1589 if *shuffle == "on" {
1590 n = time.Now().UnixNano()
1592 n, err = strconv.ParseInt(*shuffle, 10, 64)
1594 fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, `testing: -shuffle should be "off", "on", or a valid integer:`, err)
1599 fmt.Println("-test.shuffle", n)
1600 rng := rand.New(rand.NewSource(n))
1601 rng.Shuffle(len(m.tests), func(i, j int) { m.tests[i], m.tests[j] = m.tests[j], m.tests[i] })
1602 rng.Shuffle(len(m.benchmarks), func(i, j int) { m.benchmarks[i], m.benchmarks[j] = m.benchmarks[j], m.benchmarks[i] })
1610 // The fuzzing coordinator will already run all tests, examples,
1611 // and benchmarks. Don't make the workers do redundant work.
1612 deadline := m.startAlarm()
1613 haveExamples = len(m.examples) > 0
1614 testRan, testOk := runTests(m.deps.MatchString, m.tests, deadline)
1615 fuzzTargetsRan, fuzzTargetsOk := runFuzzTargets(m.deps, m.fuzzTargets, deadline)
1616 exampleRan, exampleOk := runExamples(m.deps.MatchString, m.examples)
1618 if !testRan && !exampleRan && !fuzzTargetsRan && *matchBenchmarks == "" && *matchFuzz == "" {
1619 fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "testing: warning: no tests to run")
1621 if !testOk || !exampleOk || !fuzzTargetsOk || !runBenchmarks(m.deps.ImportPath(), m.deps.MatchString, m.benchmarks) || race.Errors() > 0 {
1628 fuzzingRan, fuzzingMatched, fuzzingOk := runFuzzing(m.deps, m.fuzzTargets)
1629 if *matchFuzz != "" && !fuzzingRan {
1630 if fuzzingMatched == 0 {
1631 fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "testing: warning: no targets to fuzz")
1633 fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "testing: warning: will not fuzz, -fuzz matches more than one target")
1636 if !*isFuzzWorker && !fuzzingOk {
1639 m.exitCode = fuzzWorkerExitCode
1653 func (t *T) report() {
1654 if t.parent == nil {
1657 dstr := fmtDuration(t.duration)
1658 format := "--- %s: %s (%s)\n"
1660 t.flushToParent(t.name, format, "FAIL", t.name, dstr)
1661 } else if t.chatty != nil {
1663 t.flushToParent(t.name, format, "SKIP", t.name, dstr)
1665 t.flushToParent(t.name, format, "PASS", t.name, dstr)
1670 func listTests(matchString func(pat, str string) (bool, error), tests []InternalTest, benchmarks []InternalBenchmark, fuzzTargets []InternalFuzzTarget, examples []InternalExample) {
1671 if _, err := matchString(*matchList, "non-empty"); err != nil {
1672 fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "testing: invalid regexp in -test.list (%q): %s\n", *matchList, err)
1676 for _, test := range tests {
1677 if ok, _ := matchString(*matchList, test.Name); ok {
1678 fmt.Println(test.Name)
1681 for _, bench := range benchmarks {
1682 if ok, _ := matchString(*matchList, bench.Name); ok {
1683 fmt.Println(bench.Name)
1686 for _, fuzzTarget := range fuzzTargets {
1687 if ok, _ := matchString(*matchList, fuzzTarget.Name); ok {
1688 fmt.Println(fuzzTarget.Name)
1691 for _, example := range examples {
1692 if ok, _ := matchString(*matchList, example.Name); ok {
1693 fmt.Println(example.Name)
1698 // RunTests is an internal function but exported because it is cross-package;
1699 // it is part of the implementation of the "go test" command.
1700 func RunTests(matchString func(pat, str string) (bool, error), tests []InternalTest) (ok bool) {
1701 var deadline time.Time
1703 deadline = time.Now().Add(*timeout)
1705 ran, ok := runTests(matchString, tests, deadline)
1706 if !ran && !haveExamples {
1707 fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "testing: warning: no tests to run")
1712 func runTests(matchString func(pat, str string) (bool, error), tests []InternalTest, deadline time.Time) (ran, ok bool) {
1714 for _, procs := range cpuList {
1715 runtime.GOMAXPROCS(procs)
1716 for i := uint(0); i < *count; i++ {
1717 if shouldFailFast() {
1720 ctx := newTestContext(*parallel, newMatcher(matchString, *match, "-test.run"))
1721 ctx.deadline = deadline
1724 signal: make(chan bool, 1),
1725 barrier: make(chan bool),
1731 t.chatty = newChattyPrinter(t.w)
1733 tRunner(t, func(t *T) {
1734 for _, test := range tests {
1735 t.Run(test.Name, test.F)
1741 panic("internal error: tRunner exited without sending on t.signal")
1743 ok = ok && !t.Failed()
1750 // before runs before all testing.
1751 func (m *M) before() {
1752 if *memProfileRate > 0 {
1753 runtime.MemProfileRate = *memProfileRate
1755 if *cpuProfile != "" {
1756 f, err := os.Create(toOutputDir(*cpuProfile))
1758 fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "testing: %s\n", err)
1761 if err := m.deps.StartCPUProfile(f); err != nil {
1762 fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "testing: can't start cpu profile: %s\n", err)
1766 // Could save f so after can call f.Close; not worth the effort.
1768 if *traceFile != "" {
1769 f, err := os.Create(toOutputDir(*traceFile))
1771 fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "testing: %s\n", err)
1774 if err := trace.Start(f); err != nil {
1775 fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "testing: can't start tracing: %s\n", err)
1779 // Could save f so after can call f.Close; not worth the effort.
1781 if *blockProfile != "" && *blockProfileRate >= 0 {
1782 runtime.SetBlockProfileRate(*blockProfileRate)
1784 if *mutexProfile != "" && *mutexProfileFraction >= 0 {
1785 runtime.SetMutexProfileFraction(*mutexProfileFraction)
1787 if *coverProfile != "" && cover.Mode == "" {
1788 fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "testing: cannot use -test.coverprofile because test binary was not built with coverage enabled\n")
1792 // Note: Not using toOutputDir.
1793 // This file is for use by cmd/go, not users.
1797 f, err = os.Create(*testlog)
1799 f, err = os.OpenFile(*testlog, os.O_WRONLY, 0)
1801 f.Seek(0, io.SeekEnd)
1805 fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "testing: %s\n", err)
1808 m.deps.StartTestLog(f)
1812 m.deps.SetPanicOnExit0(true)
1816 // after runs after all testing.
1817 func (m *M) after() {
1818 m.afterOnce.Do(func() {
1822 // Restore PanicOnExit0 after every run, because we set it to true before
1823 // every run. Otherwise, if m.Run is called multiple times the behavior of
1824 // os.Exit(0) will not be restored after the second run.
1826 m.deps.SetPanicOnExit0(false)
1830 func (m *M) writeProfiles() {
1832 if err := m.deps.StopTestLog(); err != nil {
1833 fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "testing: can't write %s: %s\n", *testlog, err)
1836 if err := testlogFile.Close(); err != nil {
1837 fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "testing: can't write %s: %s\n", *testlog, err)
1841 if *cpuProfile != "" {
1842 m.deps.StopCPUProfile() // flushes profile to disk
1844 if *traceFile != "" {
1845 trace.Stop() // flushes trace to disk
1847 if *memProfile != "" {
1848 f, err := os.Create(toOutputDir(*memProfile))
1850 fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "testing: %s\n", err)
1853 runtime.GC() // materialize all statistics
1854 if err = m.deps.WriteProfileTo("allocs", f, 0); err != nil {
1855 fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "testing: can't write %s: %s\n", *memProfile, err)
1860 if *blockProfile != "" && *blockProfileRate >= 0 {
1861 f, err := os.Create(toOutputDir(*blockProfile))
1863 fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "testing: %s\n", err)
1866 if err = m.deps.WriteProfileTo("block", f, 0); err != nil {
1867 fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "testing: can't write %s: %s\n", *blockProfile, err)
1872 if *mutexProfile != "" && *mutexProfileFraction >= 0 {
1873 f, err := os.Create(toOutputDir(*mutexProfile))
1875 fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "testing: %s\n", err)
1878 if err = m.deps.WriteProfileTo("mutex", f, 0); err != nil {
1879 fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "testing: can't write %s: %s\n", *mutexProfile, err)
1884 if cover.Mode != "" {
1889 // toOutputDir returns the file name relocated, if required, to outputDir.
1890 // Simple implementation to avoid pulling in path/filepath.
1891 func toOutputDir(path string) string {
1892 if *outputDir == "" || path == "" {
1895 // On Windows, it's clumsy, but we can be almost always correct
1896 // by just looking for a drive letter and a colon.
1897 // Absolute paths always have a drive letter (ignoring UNC).
1898 // Problem: if path == "C:A" and outputdir == "C:\Go" it's unclear
1899 // what to do, but even then path/filepath doesn't help.
1900 // TODO: Worth doing better? Probably not, because we're here only
1901 // under the management of go test.
1902 if runtime.GOOS == "windows" && len(path) >= 2 {
1903 letter, colon := path[0], path[1]
1904 if ('a' <= letter && letter <= 'z' || 'A' <= letter && letter <= 'Z') && colon == ':' {
1905 // If path starts with a drive letter we're stuck with it regardless.
1909 if os.IsPathSeparator(path[0]) {
1912 return fmt.Sprintf("%s%c%s", *outputDir, os.PathSeparator, path)
1915 // startAlarm starts an alarm if requested.
1916 func (m *M) startAlarm() time.Time {
1921 deadline := time.Now().Add(*timeout)
1922 m.timer = time.AfterFunc(*timeout, func() {
1924 debug.SetTraceback("all")
1925 panic(fmt.Sprintf("test timed out after %v", *timeout))
1930 // stopAlarm turns off the alarm.
1931 func (m *M) stopAlarm() {
1937 func parseCpuList() {
1938 for _, val := range strings.Split(*cpuListStr, ",") {
1939 val = strings.TrimSpace(val)
1943 cpu, err := strconv.Atoi(val)
1944 if err != nil || cpu <= 0 {
1945 fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "testing: invalid value %q for -test.cpu\n", val)
1948 cpuList = append(cpuList, cpu)
1951 cpuList = append(cpuList, runtime.GOMAXPROCS(-1))
1955 func shouldFailFast() bool {
1956 return *failFast && atomic.LoadUint32(&numFailed) > 0