1 // Copyright 2021 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
2 // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
3 // license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
9 "runtime/internal/atomic"
14 // gcGoalUtilization is the goal CPU utilization for
15 // marking as a fraction of GOMAXPROCS.
16 gcGoalUtilization = 0.30
18 // gcBackgroundUtilization is the fixed CPU utilization for background
19 // marking. It must be <= gcGoalUtilization. The difference between
20 // gcGoalUtilization and gcBackgroundUtilization will be made up by
21 // mark assists. The scheduler will aim to use within 50% of this
24 // Setting this to < gcGoalUtilization avoids saturating the trigger
25 // feedback controller when there are no assists, which allows it to
26 // better control CPU and heap growth. However, the larger the gap,
27 // the more mutator assists are expected to happen, which impact
29 gcBackgroundUtilization = 0.25
31 // gcCreditSlack is the amount of scan work credit that can
32 // accumulate locally before updating gcController.scanWork and,
33 // optionally, gcController.bgScanCredit. Lower values give a more
34 // accurate assist ratio and make it more likely that assists will
35 // successfully steal background credit. Higher values reduce memory
39 // gcAssistTimeSlack is the nanoseconds of mutator assist time that
40 // can accumulate on a P before updating gcController.assistTime.
41 gcAssistTimeSlack = 5000
43 // gcOverAssistWork determines how many extra units of scan work a GC
44 // assist does when an assist happens. This amortizes the cost of an
45 // assist by pre-paying for this many bytes of future allocations.
46 gcOverAssistWork = 64 << 10
48 // defaultHeapMinimum is the value of heapMinimum for GOGC==100.
49 defaultHeapMinimum = 4 << 20
53 if offset := unsafe.Offsetof(gcController.heapLive); offset%8 != 0 {
55 throw("gcController.heapLive not aligned to 8 bytes")
59 // gcController implements the GC pacing controller that determines
60 // when to trigger concurrent garbage collection and how much marking
61 // work to do in mutator assists and background marking.
63 // It uses a feedback control algorithm to adjust the gcController.trigger
64 // trigger based on the heap growth and GC CPU utilization each cycle.
65 // This algorithm optimizes for heap growth to match GOGC and for CPU
66 // utilization between assist and background marking to be 25% of
67 // GOMAXPROCS. The high-level design of this algorithm is documented
68 // at https://golang.org/s/go15gcpacing.
70 // All fields of gcController are used only during a single mark
72 var gcController gcControllerState
74 type gcControllerState struct {
75 // Initialized from $GOGC. GOGC=off means no GC.
77 // Updated atomically with mheap_.lock held or during a STW.
78 // Safe to read atomically at any time, or non-atomically with
79 // mheap_.lock or STW.
82 _ uint32 // padding so following 64-bit values are 8-byte aligned
84 // heapMinimum is the minimum heap size at which to trigger GC.
85 // For small heaps, this overrides the usual GOGC*live set rule.
87 // When there is a very small live set but a lot of allocation, simply
88 // collecting when the heap reaches GOGC*live results in many GC
89 // cycles and high total per-GC overhead. This minimum amortizes this
90 // per-GC overhead while keeping the heap reasonably small.
92 // During initialization this is set to 4MB*GOGC/100. In the case of
93 // GOGC==0, this will set heapMinimum to 0, resulting in constant
94 // collection even when the heap size is small, which is useful for
98 // triggerRatio is the heap growth ratio that triggers marking.
100 // E.g., if this is 0.6, then GC should start when the live
101 // heap has reached 1.6 times the heap size marked by the
102 // previous cycle. This should be ≤ GOGC/100 so the trigger
103 // heap size is less than the goal heap size. This is set
104 // during mark termination for the next cycle's trigger.
106 // Protected by mheap_.lock or a STW.
109 // trigger is the heap size that triggers marking.
111 // When heapLive ≥ trigger, the mark phase will start.
112 // This is also the heap size by which proportional sweeping
115 // This is computed from triggerRatio during mark termination
116 // for the next cycle's trigger.
118 // Protected by mheap_.lock or a STW.
121 // heapGoal is the goal heapLive for when next GC ends.
122 // Set to ^uint64(0) if disabled.
124 // Read and written atomically, unless the world is stopped.
127 // lastHeapGoal is the value of heapGoal for the previous GC.
128 // Note that this is distinct from the last value heapGoal had,
129 // because it could change if e.g. gcPercent changes.
131 // Read and written with the world stopped or with mheap_.lock held.
134 // heapLive is the number of bytes considered live by the GC.
135 // That is: retained by the most recent GC plus allocated
136 // since then. heapLive ≤ memstats.heapAlloc, since heapAlloc includes
137 // unmarked objects that have not yet been swept (and hence goes up as we
138 // allocate and down as we sweep) while heapLive excludes these
139 // objects (and hence only goes up between GCs).
141 // This is updated atomically without locking. To reduce
142 // contention, this is updated only when obtaining a span from
143 // an mcentral and at this point it counts all of the
144 // unallocated slots in that span (which will be allocated
145 // before that mcache obtains another span from that
146 // mcentral). Hence, it slightly overestimates the "true" live
147 // heap size. It's better to overestimate than to
148 // underestimate because 1) this triggers the GC earlier than
149 // necessary rather than potentially too late and 2) this
150 // leads to a conservative GC rate rather than a GC rate that
151 // is potentially too low.
153 // Reads should likewise be atomic (or during STW).
155 // Whenever this is updated, call traceHeapAlloc() and
156 // this gcControllerState's revise() method.
159 // heapScan is the number of bytes of "scannable" heap. This
160 // is the live heap (as counted by heapLive), but omitting
161 // no-scan objects and no-scan tails of objects.
163 // Whenever this is updated, call this gcControllerState's
166 // Read and written atomically or with the world stopped.
169 // heapMarked is the number of bytes marked by the previous
170 // GC. After mark termination, heapLive == heapMarked, but
171 // unlike heapLive, heapMarked does not change until the
172 // next mark termination.
175 // scanWork is the total scan work performed this cycle. This
176 // is updated atomically during the cycle. Updates occur in
177 // bounded batches, since it is both written and read
178 // throughout the cycle. At the end of the cycle, this is how
179 // much of the retained heap is scannable.
181 // Currently this is the bytes of heap scanned. For most uses,
182 // this is an opaque unit of work, but for estimation the
183 // definition is important.
186 // bgScanCredit is the scan work credit accumulated by the
187 // concurrent background scan. This credit is accumulated by
188 // the background scan and stolen by mutator assists. This is
189 // updated atomically. Updates occur in bounded batches, since
190 // it is both written and read throughout the cycle.
193 // assistTime is the nanoseconds spent in mutator assists
194 // during this cycle. This is updated atomically. Updates
195 // occur in bounded batches, since it is both written and read
196 // throughout the cycle.
199 // dedicatedMarkTime is the nanoseconds spent in dedicated
200 // mark workers during this cycle. This is updated atomically
201 // at the end of the concurrent mark phase.
202 dedicatedMarkTime int64
204 // fractionalMarkTime is the nanoseconds spent in the
205 // fractional mark worker during this cycle. This is updated
206 // atomically throughout the cycle and will be up-to-date if
207 // the fractional mark worker is not currently running.
208 fractionalMarkTime int64
210 // idleMarkTime is the nanoseconds spent in idle marking
211 // during this cycle. This is updated atomically throughout
215 // markStartTime is the absolute start time in nanoseconds
216 // that assists and background mark workers started.
219 // dedicatedMarkWorkersNeeded is the number of dedicated mark
220 // workers that need to be started. This is computed at the
221 // beginning of each cycle and decremented atomically as
222 // dedicated mark workers get started.
223 dedicatedMarkWorkersNeeded int64
225 // assistWorkPerByte is the ratio of scan work to allocated
226 // bytes that should be performed by mutator assists. This is
227 // computed at the beginning of each cycle and updated every
228 // time heapScan is updated.
229 assistWorkPerByte atomic.Float64
231 // assistBytesPerWork is 1/assistWorkPerByte.
233 // Note that because this is read and written independently
234 // from assistWorkPerByte users may notice a skew between
235 // the two values, and such a state should be safe.
236 assistBytesPerWork atomic.Float64
238 // fractionalUtilizationGoal is the fraction of wall clock
239 // time that should be spent in the fractional mark worker on
240 // each P that isn't running a dedicated worker.
242 // For example, if the utilization goal is 25% and there are
243 // no dedicated workers, this will be 0.25. If the goal is
244 // 25%, there is one dedicated worker, and GOMAXPROCS is 5,
245 // this will be 0.05 to make up the missing 5%.
247 // If this is zero, no fractional workers are needed.
248 fractionalUtilizationGoal float64
253 func (c *gcControllerState) init(gcPercent int32) {
254 c.heapMinimum = defaultHeapMinimum
256 // Set a reasonable initial GC trigger.
257 c.triggerRatio = 7 / 8.0
259 // Fake a heapMarked value so it looks like a trigger at
260 // heapMinimum is the appropriate growth from heapMarked.
261 // This will go into computing the initial GC goal.
262 c.heapMarked = uint64(float64(c.heapMinimum) / (1 + c.triggerRatio))
264 // This will also compute and set the GC trigger and goal.
265 c.setGCPercent(gcPercent)
268 // startCycle resets the GC controller's state and computes estimates
269 // for a new GC cycle. The caller must hold worldsema and the world
271 func (c *gcControllerState) startCycle() {
275 c.dedicatedMarkTime = 0
276 c.fractionalMarkTime = 0
279 // Ensure that the heap goal is at least a little larger than
280 // the current live heap size. This may not be the case if GC
281 // start is delayed or if the allocation that pushed gcController.heapLive
282 // over trigger is large or if the trigger is really close to
283 // GOGC. Assist is proportional to this distance, so enforce a
284 // minimum distance, even if it means going over the GOGC goal
286 if c.heapGoal < c.heapLive+1024*1024 {
287 c.heapGoal = c.heapLive + 1024*1024
290 // Compute the background mark utilization goal. In general,
291 // this may not come out exactly. We round the number of
292 // dedicated workers so that the utilization is closest to
293 // 25%. For small GOMAXPROCS, this would introduce too much
294 // error, so we add fractional workers in that case.
295 totalUtilizationGoal := float64(gomaxprocs) * gcBackgroundUtilization
296 c.dedicatedMarkWorkersNeeded = int64(totalUtilizationGoal + 0.5)
297 utilError := float64(c.dedicatedMarkWorkersNeeded)/totalUtilizationGoal - 1
298 const maxUtilError = 0.3
299 if utilError < -maxUtilError || utilError > maxUtilError {
300 // Rounding put us more than 30% off our goal. With
301 // gcBackgroundUtilization of 25%, this happens for
302 // GOMAXPROCS<=3 or GOMAXPROCS=6. Enable fractional
303 // workers to compensate.
304 if float64(c.dedicatedMarkWorkersNeeded) > totalUtilizationGoal {
305 // Too many dedicated workers.
306 c.dedicatedMarkWorkersNeeded--
308 c.fractionalUtilizationGoal = (totalUtilizationGoal - float64(c.dedicatedMarkWorkersNeeded)) / float64(gomaxprocs)
310 c.fractionalUtilizationGoal = 0
313 // In STW mode, we just want dedicated workers.
314 if debug.gcstoptheworld > 0 {
315 c.dedicatedMarkWorkersNeeded = int64(gomaxprocs)
316 c.fractionalUtilizationGoal = 0
320 for _, p := range allp {
322 p.gcFractionalMarkTime = 0
325 // Compute initial values for controls that are updated
326 // throughout the cycle.
329 if debug.gcpacertrace > 0 {
330 assistRatio := c.assistWorkPerByte.Load()
331 print("pacer: assist ratio=", assistRatio,
332 " (scan ", gcController.heapScan>>20, " MB in ",
333 work.initialHeapLive>>20, "->",
334 c.heapGoal>>20, " MB)",
335 " workers=", c.dedicatedMarkWorkersNeeded,
336 "+", c.fractionalUtilizationGoal, "\n")
340 // revise updates the assist ratio during the GC cycle to account for
341 // improved estimates. This should be called whenever gcController.heapScan,
342 // gcController.heapLive, or gcController.heapGoal is updated. It is safe to
343 // call concurrently, but it may race with other calls to revise.
345 // The result of this race is that the two assist ratio values may not line
346 // up or may be stale. In practice this is OK because the assist ratio
347 // moves slowly throughout a GC cycle, and the assist ratio is a best-effort
348 // heuristic anyway. Furthermore, no part of the heuristic depends on
349 // the two assist ratio values being exact reciprocals of one another, since
350 // the two values are used to convert values from different sources.
352 // The worst case result of this raciness is that we may miss a larger shift
353 // in the ratio (say, if we decide to pace more aggressively against the
354 // hard heap goal) but even this "hard goal" is best-effort (see #40460).
355 // The dedicated GC should ensure we don't exceed the hard goal by too much
356 // in the rare case we do exceed it.
358 // It should only be called when gcBlackenEnabled != 0 (because this
359 // is when assists are enabled and the necessary statistics are
361 func (c *gcControllerState) revise() {
362 gcPercent := atomic.Loadint32(&c.gcPercent)
364 // If GC is disabled but we're running a forced GC,
365 // act like GOGC is huge for the below calculations.
368 live := atomic.Load64(&c.heapLive)
369 scan := atomic.Load64(&c.heapScan)
370 work := atomic.Loadint64(&c.scanWork)
372 // Assume we're under the soft goal. Pace GC to complete at
373 // heapGoal assuming the heap is in steady-state.
374 heapGoal := int64(atomic.Load64(&c.heapGoal))
376 // Compute the expected scan work remaining.
378 // This is estimated based on the expected
379 // steady-state scannable heap. For example, with
380 // GOGC=100, only half of the scannable heap is
381 // expected to be live, so that's what we target.
383 // (This is a float calculation to avoid overflowing on
385 scanWorkExpected := int64(float64(scan) * 100 / float64(100+gcPercent))
387 if int64(live) > heapGoal || work > scanWorkExpected {
388 // We're past the soft goal, or we've already done more scan
389 // work than we expected. Pace GC so that in the worst case it
390 // will complete by the hard goal.
391 const maxOvershoot = 1.1
392 heapGoal = int64(float64(heapGoal) * maxOvershoot)
394 // Compute the upper bound on the scan work remaining.
395 scanWorkExpected = int64(scan)
398 // Compute the remaining scan work estimate.
400 // Note that we currently count allocations during GC as both
401 // scannable heap (heapScan) and scan work completed
402 // (scanWork), so allocation will change this difference
403 // slowly in the soft regime and not at all in the hard
405 scanWorkRemaining := scanWorkExpected - work
406 if scanWorkRemaining < 1000 {
407 // We set a somewhat arbitrary lower bound on
408 // remaining scan work since if we aim a little high,
409 // we can miss by a little.
411 // We *do* need to enforce that this is at least 1,
412 // since marking is racy and double-scanning objects
413 // may legitimately make the remaining scan work
414 // negative, even in the hard goal regime.
415 scanWorkRemaining = 1000
418 // Compute the heap distance remaining.
419 heapRemaining := heapGoal - int64(live)
420 if heapRemaining <= 0 {
421 // This shouldn't happen, but if it does, avoid
422 // dividing by zero or setting the assist negative.
426 // Compute the mutator assist ratio so by the time the mutator
427 // allocates the remaining heap bytes up to heapGoal, it will
428 // have done (or stolen) the remaining amount of scan work.
429 // Note that the assist ratio values are updated atomically
430 // but not together. This means there may be some degree of
431 // skew between the two values. This is generally OK as the
432 // values shift relatively slowly over the course of a GC
434 assistWorkPerByte := float64(scanWorkRemaining) / float64(heapRemaining)
435 assistBytesPerWork := float64(heapRemaining) / float64(scanWorkRemaining)
436 c.assistWorkPerByte.Store(assistWorkPerByte)
437 c.assistBytesPerWork.Store(assistBytesPerWork)
440 // endCycle computes the trigger ratio for the next cycle.
441 // userForced indicates whether the current GC cycle was forced
442 // by the application.
443 func (c *gcControllerState) endCycle(userForced bool) float64 {
445 // Forced GC means this cycle didn't start at the
446 // trigger, so where it finished isn't good
447 // information about how to adjust the trigger.
448 // Just leave it where it is.
449 return c.triggerRatio
452 // Proportional response gain for the trigger controller. Must
453 // be in [0, 1]. Lower values smooth out transient effects but
454 // take longer to respond to phase changes. Higher values
455 // react to phase changes quickly, but are more affected by
456 // transient changes. Values near 1 may be unstable.
457 const triggerGain = 0.5
459 // Compute next cycle trigger ratio. First, this computes the
460 // "error" for this cycle; that is, how far off the trigger
461 // was from what it should have been, accounting for both heap
462 // growth and GC CPU utilization. We compute the actual heap
463 // growth during this cycle and scale that by how far off from
464 // the goal CPU utilization we were (to estimate the heap
465 // growth if we had the desired CPU utilization). The
466 // difference between this estimate and the GOGC-based goal
467 // heap growth is the error.
468 goalGrowthRatio := c.effectiveGrowthRatio()
469 actualGrowthRatio := float64(c.heapLive)/float64(c.heapMarked) - 1
470 assistDuration := nanotime() - c.markStartTime
472 // Assume background mark hit its utilization goal.
473 utilization := gcBackgroundUtilization
474 // Add assist utilization; avoid divide by zero.
475 if assistDuration > 0 {
476 utilization += float64(c.assistTime) / float64(assistDuration*int64(gomaxprocs))
479 triggerError := goalGrowthRatio - c.triggerRatio - utilization/gcGoalUtilization*(actualGrowthRatio-c.triggerRatio)
481 // Finally, we adjust the trigger for next time by this error,
482 // damped by the proportional gain.
483 triggerRatio := c.triggerRatio + triggerGain*triggerError
485 if debug.gcpacertrace > 0 {
486 // Print controller state in terms of the design
488 H_m_prev := c.heapMarked
489 h_t := c.triggerRatio
491 h_a := actualGrowthRatio
493 h_g := goalGrowthRatio
494 H_g := int64(float64(H_m_prev) * (1 + h_g))
496 u_g := gcGoalUtilization
498 print("pacer: H_m_prev=", H_m_prev,
499 " h_t=", h_t, " H_T=", H_T,
500 " h_a=", h_a, " H_a=", H_a,
501 " h_g=", h_g, " H_g=", H_g,
502 " u_a=", u_a, " u_g=", u_g,
504 " goalΔ=", goalGrowthRatio-h_t,
505 " actualΔ=", h_a-h_t,
506 " u_a/u_g=", u_a/u_g,
513 // enlistWorker encourages another dedicated mark worker to start on
514 // another P if there are spare worker slots. It is used by putfull
515 // when more work is made available.
518 func (c *gcControllerState) enlistWorker() {
519 // If there are idle Ps, wake one so it will run an idle worker.
520 // NOTE: This is suspected of causing deadlocks. See golang.org/issue/19112.
522 // if atomic.Load(&sched.npidle) != 0 && atomic.Load(&sched.nmspinning) == 0 {
527 // There are no idle Ps. If we need more dedicated workers,
528 // try to preempt a running P so it will switch to a worker.
529 if c.dedicatedMarkWorkersNeeded <= 0 {
532 // Pick a random other P to preempt.
537 if gp == nil || gp.m == nil || gp.m.p == 0 {
540 myID := gp.m.p.ptr().id
541 for tries := 0; tries < 5; tries++ {
542 id := int32(fastrandn(uint32(gomaxprocs - 1)))
547 if p.status != _Prunning {
556 // findRunnableGCWorker returns a background mark worker for _p_ if it
557 // should be run. This must only be called when gcBlackenEnabled != 0.
558 func (c *gcControllerState) findRunnableGCWorker(_p_ *p) *g {
559 if gcBlackenEnabled == 0 {
560 throw("gcControllerState.findRunnable: blackening not enabled")
563 if !gcMarkWorkAvailable(_p_) {
564 // No work to be done right now. This can happen at
565 // the end of the mark phase when there are still
566 // assists tapering off. Don't bother running a worker
567 // now because it'll just return immediately.
571 // Grab a worker before we commit to running below.
572 node := (*gcBgMarkWorkerNode)(gcBgMarkWorkerPool.pop())
574 // There is at least one worker per P, so normally there are
575 // enough workers to run on all Ps, if necessary. However, once
576 // a worker enters gcMarkDone it may park without rejoining the
577 // pool, thus freeing a P with no corresponding worker.
578 // gcMarkDone never depends on another worker doing work, so it
579 // is safe to simply do nothing here.
581 // If gcMarkDone bails out without completing the mark phase,
582 // it will always do so with queued global work. Thus, that P
583 // will be immediately eligible to re-run the worker G it was
584 // just using, ensuring work can complete.
588 decIfPositive := func(ptr *int64) bool {
590 v := atomic.Loadint64(ptr)
595 if atomic.Casint64(ptr, v, v-1) {
601 if decIfPositive(&c.dedicatedMarkWorkersNeeded) {
602 // This P is now dedicated to marking until the end of
603 // the concurrent mark phase.
604 _p_.gcMarkWorkerMode = gcMarkWorkerDedicatedMode
605 } else if c.fractionalUtilizationGoal == 0 {
606 // No need for fractional workers.
607 gcBgMarkWorkerPool.push(&node.node)
610 // Is this P behind on the fractional utilization
613 // This should be kept in sync with pollFractionalWorkerExit.
614 delta := nanotime() - c.markStartTime
615 if delta > 0 && float64(_p_.gcFractionalMarkTime)/float64(delta) > c.fractionalUtilizationGoal {
616 // Nope. No need to run a fractional worker.
617 gcBgMarkWorkerPool.push(&node.node)
620 // Run a fractional worker.
621 _p_.gcMarkWorkerMode = gcMarkWorkerFractionalMode
624 // Run the background mark worker.
626 casgstatus(gp, _Gwaiting, _Grunnable)
633 // commit sets the trigger ratio and updates everything
634 // derived from it: the absolute trigger, the heap goal, mark pacing,
637 // This can be called any time. If GC is the in the middle of a
638 // concurrent phase, it will adjust the pacing of that phase.
640 // This depends on gcPercent, gcController.heapMarked, and
641 // gcController.heapLive. These must be up to date.
643 // mheap_.lock must be held or the world must be stopped.
644 func (c *gcControllerState) commit(triggerRatio float64) {
645 assertWorldStoppedOrLockHeld(&mheap_.lock)
647 // Compute the next GC goal, which is when the allocated heap
648 // has grown by GOGC/100 over the heap marked by the last
651 if c.gcPercent >= 0 {
652 goal = c.heapMarked + c.heapMarked*uint64(c.gcPercent)/100
655 // Set the trigger ratio, capped to reasonable bounds.
656 if c.gcPercent >= 0 {
657 scalingFactor := float64(c.gcPercent) / 100
658 // Ensure there's always a little margin so that the
659 // mutator assist ratio isn't infinity.
660 maxTriggerRatio := 0.95 * scalingFactor
661 if triggerRatio > maxTriggerRatio {
662 triggerRatio = maxTriggerRatio
665 // If we let triggerRatio go too low, then if the application
666 // is allocating very rapidly we might end up in a situation
667 // where we're allocating black during a nearly always-on GC.
668 // The result of this is a growing heap and ultimately an
669 // increase in RSS. By capping us at a point >0, we're essentially
670 // saying that we're OK using more CPU during the GC to prevent
671 // this growth in RSS.
673 // The current constant was chosen empirically: given a sufficiently
674 // fast/scalable allocator with 48 Ps that could drive the trigger ratio
675 // to <0.05, this constant causes applications to retain the same peak
676 // RSS compared to not having this allocator.
677 minTriggerRatio := 0.6 * scalingFactor
678 if triggerRatio < minTriggerRatio {
679 triggerRatio = minTriggerRatio
681 } else if triggerRatio < 0 {
682 // gcPercent < 0, so just make sure we're not getting a negative
683 // triggerRatio. This case isn't expected to happen in practice,
684 // and doesn't really matter because if gcPercent < 0 then we won't
685 // ever consume triggerRatio further on in this function, but let's
686 // just be defensive here; the triggerRatio being negative is almost
687 // certainly undesirable.
690 c.triggerRatio = triggerRatio
692 // Compute the absolute GC trigger from the trigger ratio.
694 // We trigger the next GC cycle when the allocated heap has
695 // grown by the trigger ratio over the marked heap size.
696 trigger := ^uint64(0)
697 if c.gcPercent >= 0 {
698 trigger = uint64(float64(c.heapMarked) * (1 + triggerRatio))
699 // Don't trigger below the minimum heap size.
700 minTrigger := c.heapMinimum
702 // Concurrent sweep happens in the heap growth
703 // from gcController.heapLive to trigger, so ensure
704 // that concurrent sweep has some heap growth
705 // in which to perform sweeping before we
706 // start the next GC cycle.
707 sweepMin := atomic.Load64(&c.heapLive) + sweepMinHeapDistance
708 if sweepMin > minTrigger {
709 minTrigger = sweepMin
712 if trigger < minTrigger {
715 if int64(trigger) < 0 {
716 print("runtime: heapGoal=", c.heapGoal, " heapMarked=", c.heapMarked, " gcController.heapLive=", c.heapLive, " initialHeapLive=", work.initialHeapLive, "triggerRatio=", triggerRatio, " minTrigger=", minTrigger, "\n")
717 throw("trigger underflow")
720 // The trigger ratio is always less than GOGC/100, but
721 // other bounds on the trigger may have raised it.
722 // Push up the goal, too.
727 // Commit to the trigger and goal.
729 atomic.Store64(&c.heapGoal, goal)
734 // Update mark pacing.
735 if gcphase != _GCoff {
739 // Update sweep pacing.
741 mheap_.sweepPagesPerByte = 0
743 // Concurrent sweep needs to sweep all of the in-use
744 // pages by the time the allocated heap reaches the GC
745 // trigger. Compute the ratio of in-use pages to sweep
746 // per byte allocated, accounting for the fact that
747 // some might already be swept.
748 heapLiveBasis := atomic.Load64(&c.heapLive)
749 heapDistance := int64(trigger) - int64(heapLiveBasis)
750 // Add a little margin so rounding errors and
751 // concurrent sweep are less likely to leave pages
752 // unswept when GC starts.
753 heapDistance -= 1024 * 1024
754 if heapDistance < _PageSize {
755 // Avoid setting the sweep ratio extremely high
756 heapDistance = _PageSize
758 pagesSwept := mheap_.pagesSwept.Load()
759 pagesInUse := mheap_.pagesInUse.Load()
760 sweepDistancePages := int64(pagesInUse) - int64(pagesSwept)
761 if sweepDistancePages <= 0 {
762 mheap_.sweepPagesPerByte = 0
764 mheap_.sweepPagesPerByte = float64(sweepDistancePages) / float64(heapDistance)
765 mheap_.sweepHeapLiveBasis = heapLiveBasis
766 // Write pagesSweptBasis last, since this
767 // signals concurrent sweeps to recompute
769 mheap_.pagesSweptBasis.Store(pagesSwept)
776 // effectiveGrowthRatio returns the current effective heap growth
777 // ratio (GOGC/100) based on heapMarked from the previous GC and
778 // heapGoal for the current GC.
780 // This may differ from gcPercent/100 because of various upper and
781 // lower bounds on gcPercent. For example, if the heap is smaller than
782 // heapMinimum, this can be higher than gcPercent/100.
784 // mheap_.lock must be held or the world must be stopped.
785 func (c *gcControllerState) effectiveGrowthRatio() float64 {
786 assertWorldStoppedOrLockHeld(&mheap_.lock)
788 egogc := float64(atomic.Load64(&c.heapGoal)-c.heapMarked) / float64(c.heapMarked)
790 // Shouldn't happen, but just in case.
796 // setGCPercent updates gcPercent and all related pacer state.
797 // Returns the old value of gcPercent.
799 // The world must be stopped, or mheap_.lock must be held.
800 func (c *gcControllerState) setGCPercent(in int32) int32 {
801 assertWorldStoppedOrLockHeld(&mheap_.lock)
807 // Write it atomically so readers like revise() can read it safely.
808 atomic.Storeint32(&c.gcPercent, in)
809 c.heapMinimum = defaultHeapMinimum * uint64(c.gcPercent) / 100
810 // Update pacing in response to gcPercent change.
811 c.commit(c.triggerRatio)
816 //go:linkname setGCPercent runtime/debug.setGCPercent
817 func setGCPercent(in int32) (out int32) {
818 // Run on the system stack since we grab the heap lock.
821 out = gcController.setGCPercent(in)
825 // If we just disabled GC, wait for any concurrent GC mark to
826 // finish so we always return with no GC running.
828 gcWaitOnMark(atomic.Load(&work.cycles))
834 func readGOGC() int32 {
835 p := gogetenv("GOGC")
839 if n, ok := atoi32(p); ok {