Merge branch 'develop'

[nncp.git] / doc / integration.texi

@node Integration
@unnumbered Integration with existing software

Here is some examples of how you can solve popular tasks with NNCP,
making them store-and-forward friendly.

@menu
* Postfix::
* Web feeds: Feeds.
* Web pages: WARCs.
* BitTorrent and huge files: BitTorrent.
* Downloading service: DownloadService.
* Git::
* Multimedia streaming: Multimedia.
@end menu

@node Postfix
@section Integration with Postfix

This section is taken from @url{http://www.postfix.org/UUCP_README.html,
Postfix and UUCP} manual and just replaces UUCP-related calls with NNCP
ones.

@strong{Setting up a Postfix Internet to NNCP gateway}

Here is how to set up a machine that sits on the Internet and that forwards
mail to a LAN that is connected via NNCP.

@itemize

@item You need an @ref{nncp-exec} program that extracts the sender
address from mail that arrives via NNCP, and that feeds the mail into
the Postfix @command{sendmail} command.

@item Define a @command{pipe(8)} based mail delivery transport for
delivery via NNCP:
@verbatim
/usr/local/etc/postfix/master.cf:
nncp      unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
          flags=F user=nncp argv=nncp-exec -quiet $nexthop sendmail $recipient
@end verbatim

This runs the @command{nncp-exec} command to place outgoing mail into
the NNCP queue after replacing @var{$nexthop} by the the receiving NNCP
node and after replacing @var{$recipient} by the recipients. The
@command{pipe(8)} delivery agent executes the @command{nncp-exec}
command without assistance from the shell, so there are no problems with
shell meta characters in command-line parameters.

@item Specify that mail for @emph{example.com}, should be delivered via
NNCP, to a host named @emph{nncp-host}:

@verbatim
/usr/local/etc/postfix/transport:
    example.com     nncp:nncp-host
    .example.com    nncp:nncp-host
@end verbatim

See the @command{transport(5)} manual page for more details.

@item Execute the command @command{postmap /etc/postfix/transport}
whenever you change the @file{transport} file.

@item Enable @file{transport} table lookups:

@verbatim
/usr/local/etc/postfix/main.cf:
    transport_maps = hash:$config_directory/transport
@end verbatim

@item Add @emph{example.com} to the list of domains that your site is
willing to relay mail for.

@verbatim
/usr/local/etc/postfix/main.cf:
    relay_domains = example.com ...other relay domains...
@end verbatim

See the @option{relay_domains} configuration parameter description for
details.

@item Execute the command @command{postfix reload} to make the changes
effective.

@end itemize

@strong{Setting up a Postfix LAN to NNCP gateway}

Here is how to relay mail from a LAN via NNCP to the Internet.

@itemize

@item You need an @ref{nncp-exec} program that extracts the sender
address from mail that arrives via NNCP, and that feeds the mail into
the Postfix @command{sendmail} command.

@item Specify that all remote mail must be sent via the @command{nncp}
mail transport to your NNCP gateway host, say, @emph{nncp-gateway}:

@verbatim
/usr/local/etc/postfix/main.cf:
    relayhost = nncp-gateway
    default_transport = nncp
@end verbatim

Postfix 2.0 and later also allows the following more succinct form:

@verbatim
/usr/local/etc/postfix/main.cf:
    default_transport = nncp:nncp-gateway
@end verbatim

@item Define a @command{pipe(8)} based message delivery transport for
mail delivery via NNCP:

@verbatim
/usr/local/etc/postfix/master.cf:
nncp      unix  -       n       n       -       -       pipe
          flags=F user=nncp argv=nncp-exec -quiet $nexthop sendmail $recipient
@end verbatim

This runs the @command{nncp-exec} command to place outgoing mail into
the NNCP queue. It substitutes the hostname (@emph{nncp-gateway}, or
whatever you specified) and the recipients before execution of the
command. The @command{nncp-exec} command is executed without assistance
from the shell, so there are no problems with shell meta characters.

@item Execute the command @command{postfix reload} to make the changes
effective.

@end itemize

@node Feeds
@section Integration with Web feeds

RSS and Atom feeds could be collected using
@url{https://github.com/wking/rss2email, rss2email} program. It
converts all incoming feed entries to email messages. Read about how to
integration @ref{Postfix} with email. @command{rss2email} could be run
in a cron, to collect feeds without any user interaction. Also this
program supports ETags and won't pollute the channel if remote server
supports them too.

After installing @command{rss2email}, create configuration file:
@verbatim
$ r2e new rss-robot@address.com
@end verbatim
and add feeds you want to retrieve:
@verbatim
$ r2e add https://git.cypherpunks.ru/cgit.cgi/nncp.git/atom/?h=master
@end verbatim
and run the process:
@verbatim
$ r2e run
@end verbatim

@node WARCs
@section Integration with Web pages

Simple HTML web page can be downloaded very easily for sending and
viewing it offline after:
@verbatim
$ wget http://www.example.com/page.html
@end verbatim

But most web pages contain links to images, CSS and JavaScript files,
required for complete rendering.
@url{https://www.gnu.org/software/wget/, GNU Wget} supports that
documents parsing and understanding page dependencies. You can download
the whole page with dependencies the following way:
@verbatim
$ wget \
    --page-requisites \
    --convert-links \
    --adjust-extension \
    --restrict-file-names=ascii \
    --span-hosts \
    --random-wait \
    --execute robots=off \
    http://www.example.com/page.html
@end verbatim
that will create @file{www.example.com} directory with all files
necessary to view @file{page.html} web page. You can create single file
compressed tarball with that directory and send it to remote node:
@verbatim
$ tar cf - www.example.com | zstd |
    nncp-file - remote.node:www.example.com-page.tar.zst
@end verbatim

But there are multi-paged articles, there are the whole interesting
sites you want to get in a single package. You can mirror the whole web
site by utilizing @command{wget}'s recursive feature:
@verbatim
$ wget \
    --recursive \
    --timestamping \
    -l inf \
    --no-remove-listing \
    --no-parent \
    [...]
    http://www.example.com/
@end verbatim

There is a standard for creating
@url{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_ARChive, Web ARChives}:
@strong{WARC}. Fortunately again, @command{wget} supports it as an
output format.
@verbatim
$ wget \
    --warc-file www.example_com-$(date '+%Y%M%d%H%m%S') \
    --no-warc-compression \
    --no-warc-keep-log \
    [...]
    http://www.example.com/
@end verbatim
That command will create uncompressed @file{www.example_com-XXX.warc}
web archive. By default, WARCs are compressed using
@url{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gzip, gzip}, but, in example above,
we have disabled it to compress with stronger and faster
@url{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zstd, zstd}, before sending via
@command{nncp-file}.

There are plenty of software acting like HTTP proxy for your browser,
allowing to view that WARC files. However you can extract files from
that archive using @url{https://pypi.python.org/pypi/Warcat, warcat}
utility, producing usual directory hierarchy:
@verbatim
$ python3 -m warcat extract \
    www.example_com-XXX.warc \
    --output-dir www.example.com-XXX \
    --progress
@end verbatim

@node BitTorrent
@section BitTorrent and huge files

If dealing with @ref{Git}, @ref{Feeds, web feeds} and @ref{Multimedia,
multimedia} goes relatively fast, then BitTorrent and huge files
consumes much time. You can not wait for downloads finish, but want to
queue them after.

@url{http://aria2.github.io/, aria2} multi-protocol download utility
could be used for solving that issue conveniently. It supports HTTP,
HTTPS, FTP, SFTP and BitTorrent protocols, together with
@url{http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5854, Metalink} format. BitTorrent
support is fully-featured: UDP trackers, DHT, PEX, encryption, magnet
URIs, Web-seeding, selective downloads, LPD. @command{aria2} can
accelerate HTTP*/*FTP downloads by segmented multiple parallel
connections.

You can queue you files after they are completely downloaded.
@file{aria2-downloaded.sh} contents:
@verbatiminclude aria2-downloaded.sh

Also you can prepare
@url{http://aria2.github.io/manual/en/html/aria2c.html#files, input file}
with the jobs you want to download:
@verbatim
$ cat jobs
http://www.nncpgo.org/download/nncp-0.11.tar.xz
    out=nncp.txz
http://www.nncpgo.org/download/nncp-0.11.tar.xz.sig
    out=nncp.txz.sig
$ aria2c \
    --on-download-complete aria2-downloaded.sh \
    --input-file jobs
@end verbatim
and all that downloaded (@file{nncp.txz}, @file{nncp.txz.sig}) files
will be sent to @file{remote.node} when finished.

@node DownloadService
@section Downloading service

Previous sections tell about manual downloading and sending results to
remote node. But one wish to remotely initiate downloading. That can be
easily solved with @ref{CfgExec, exec} handles.

@verbatim
exec: {
  warcer: ["/bin/sh", "/path/to/warcer.sh"]
  wgeter: ["/bin/sh", "/path/to/wgeter.sh"]
  aria2c: [
    "/usr/local/bin/aria2c",
    "--on-download-complete", "aria2-downloaded.sh",
    "--on-bt-download-complete", "aria2-downloaded.sh"
  ]
}
@end verbatim

@file{warcer.sh} contents:
@verbatiminclude warcer.sh

@file{wgeter.sh} contents:
@verbatiminclude wgeter.sh

Now you can queue that node to send you some website's page, file or
BitTorrents:

@verbatim
$ echo http://www.nncpgo.org/Postfix.html |
    nncp-exec remote.node warcer postfix-whole-page
$ echo http://www.nncpgo.org/Postfix.html |
    nncp-exec remote.node wgeter postfix-html-page
$ echo \
    http://www.nncpgo.org/download/nncp-0.11.tar.xz
    http://www.nncpgo.org/download/nncp-0.11.tar.xz.sig |
    nncp-exec remote.node aria2c
@end verbatim

@node Git
@section Integration with Git

@url{https://git-scm.com/, Git} version control system already has all
necessary tools for store-and-forward networking.
@url{https://git-scm.com/docs/git-bundle, git-bundle} command is
everything you need.

Use it to create bundles containing all required blobs/trees/commits and tags:
@verbatim
$ git bundle create repo-initial.bundle master --tags --branches
$ git tag -f last-bundle
$ nncp-file repo-initial.bundle remote.node:repo-$(date % '+%Y%M%d%H%m%S').bundle
@end verbatim

Do usual working with the Git: commit, add, branch, checkout, etc. When
you decide to queue your changes for sending, create diff-ed bundle and
transfer them:
@verbatim
$ git bundle create repo-$(date '+%Y%M%d%H%m%S').bundle last-bundle..master
or maybe
$ git bundle create repo-$(date '+%Y%M%d').bundle --since=10.days master
@end verbatim

Received bundle on remote machine acts like usual remote:
@verbatim
$ git clone -b master repo-XXX.bundle
@end verbatim
overwrite @file{repo.bundle} file with newer bundles you retrieve and
fetch all required branches and commits:
@verbatim
$ git pull # assuming that origin remote points to repo.bundle
$ git fetch repo.bundle master:localRef
$ git ls-remote repo.bundle
@end verbatim

Bundles are also useful when cloning huge repositories (like Linux has).
Git's native protocol does not support any kind of interrupted download
resuming, so you will start from the beginning if connection is lost.
Bundles, being an ordinary files, can be downloaded with native
HTTP/FTP/NNCP resuming capabilities. After you fetch repository via the
bundle, you can add an ordinary @file{git://} remote and fetch the
difference.

Also you can find the following exec-handler useful:
@verbatiminclude git-bundler.sh
And it allows you to request for bundles like that:
@code{echo some-old-commit..master | nncp-exec REMOTE bundler REPONAME}.

@node Multimedia
@section Integration with multimedia streaming

Many video and audio streams could be downloaded using
@url{http://yt-dl.org/, youtube-dl} program.
@url{https://rg3.github.io/youtube-dl/supportedsites.html, Look} how
many of them are supported, including @emph{Dailymotion}, @emph{Vimeo}
and @emph{YouTube}.

When you multimedia becomes an ordinary file, you can transfer it easily.
@verbatim
$ youtube-dl \
    --exec 'nncp-file {} remote.node:' \
    'https://www.youtube.com/watch?list=PLd2Cw8x5CytxPAEBwzilrhQUHt_UN10FJ'
@end verbatim